Onkulunkulu bama-Olmec babenjani futhi babenjani?

I-jaguar, imvula, ummbila noma udrako kuyingxenye yezibalo eziyisisekelo ezimele onkulunkulu bama-olmec. Ngosizo lwale post uzothola ukuthi amandla abo ayini, indima abayidlalayo emphakathini kanye nendlela abavame ukuvikela ngayo abathandekayo babo. Zitholele ngayinye ngezansi.

OLMEC ONKULUNKULU

Ayengobani ama-Olmec?

Bangamasiko abahlali baseMesoamerica. Isizukulwane sangaphambili samaMesoamerican sanikeza umphakathi abahlala kuwo namuhla ngezimfanelo ezinhle. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ama-Olmec ahlonishwa omakhelwane babo njengabaqaphi abakhulu be-cosmogony, amandla amakhulu nemibono. Lesi siko siyimpande yokuthi amaMeya nama-Aztec andise ulwazi lwawo kamuva.

Kungabhekwa njengabafiki bokuqala baseMelika, ukuqonda isigaba sokulandelana kwezikhathi 1.200 BC-400 BC Umlando we-Universal uveza ukuthi bangabahlali bokuqala benkathi yangaphambi kwe-Columbian. Ukuze uqonde ukwakheka kwayo ngokujulile, kubalulekile ukusho ezinye zezici zayo:

  • Badale umdlalo webhola. Ngaphandle kokuba yinto eshukumisayo ethokozisayo, kuyisiko lenkolo konkulunkulu. Esikhundleni sokuthi kuthiwe inkundla yezemidlalo, iyisikhungo semikhosi.
  • Umsebenzi oyisisekelo wezomnotho ukulima, ngoba kuhilela onkulunkulu abahlukahlukene be-Olmec ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.
  • Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, abaholi bamaqembu bathathwa njengama-shaman noma ababusi.
  • Izilwane zidlala indima ebalulekile esikweni lazo, zibe isixhumanisi phakathi kwabantu nonkulunkulu.
  • Amakhanda amakhulu afihla imfihlo ethokozisayo: kungenzeka ukuthi angamakhanda ama-shaman avela esifundeni.

Izici zenkolo yakho

Alukho ulwazi oluningi olungachaza isizinda sale nkolo. Kuze kube muva nje, impilo yenhlalo yama-Olmec imele uphawu lombuzo, ngoba abacwaningi baqoqa ubufakazi bakamuva mayelana nemikhuba noma indlela yabo yokuphila ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwenkolo. Eminyakeni yamuva, ubufakazi bokuba khona kwayo bebungenakuphikiswa.

OLMEC ONKULUNKULU

Ukuze kuhlaziywe lezi zici, izinsalela ze-facade yezakhiwo zacatshangelwa kanye nocwaningo lwezithombe eziqoshiwe. Kulokhu, kwakukhona ukudideka kwemvelaphi yalezi zinto, ngoba abacwaningi abathile bathi ziwumthombo wangaphandle kanti abanye, ukuthi kwakungezabahlali baseMesoamerica. Lezi ezinye zezici zayo:

  • Izici ze-Polytheistic phakathi kwezakhamuzi zakhona. Babenomthombo ongashi wokukholelwa konkulunkulu ababebabheka njengabanamandla. Ukuba khona konkulunkulu base-Olmec kuhlukahluka kangangokuthi izifundo azizange zikhulume ngokwanele. Izakhamuzi zakhona zazikholelwa ezinhlanganweni ezihlukahlukene ezinamandla amakhulu ezazimelela uphawu lwazo oluyisivikelo.
  • Unkulunkulu ngamunye ungumvikeli wesici esithile esikweni laseMesoamerican. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye unkulunkulu umiselwe ukunakekela izilwane, abanye ngezitshalo, futhi ekugcineni abantu.
  • Isilwane esiyintandokazi sempucuko yase-Olmec yi-jaguar, ngenxa yesithombe sayo esihle.
  • NgamaKhosi kuphela aye abe nezithombe ezimelela ingxenye yomuntu nengxenye yesilwane.
  • Amandla angaphezu kwawemvelo amaKhosi ayiqiniso. Bajabulela inkolo njengensika eyisisekelo ekuziphatheni kwabo.
  • Ama-shaman anemisebenzi yokulawula idolobha. Ngemuva kwaMakhosi, igcina ubuholi obuthile, ubuzwe bayo kumele buhlonishwe.
  • Ukuvakashela izintaba kuyindaba yomoya. Yindawo ehlukanisa izulu nomhlaba.
  • Kuma-Olmec, yonke into ebazungezile iqukethe isidalwa esiphilayo: izihlahla, izitshalo, noma imifula inokuphila kwayo.

Yikuphi Olmec onkulunkulu? 

Inkolo ingesinye sezici eziyingxenye yabantu. Bakhululekile ukuthanda noma yibaphi onkulunkulu abababona benamandla. Kuyiqiniso eliyisisekelo ukuxhunyaniswa noNkulunkulu okwaziyo ukupholisa amanxeba ethu noma ukwenza iminikelo edingekayo ngenjongo yokukhulekela. Ngokulandelayo, zikhona Onkulunkulu bamaToltec baziswa kahle abantu njengezidalwa eziphakeme, ezikwazi ukubusa ikusasa.

Jaguar uNkulunkulu

Kubalulekile ukuqala ngalo nkulunkulu ngenxa yokubaluleka kwesibalo se-jaguar ngaphakathi kwesiko. Waziwa ngokuthi u-Ek Balam, inkanyezi emnyama noma ilanga elimnyama. Ihlobene nayo yonke imisebenzi yasebusuku, ngaphansi kokubonakala kwelanga ngokubamba iqhaza ebusuku ukuvula i-vault exhuma ne-underworld.

Wonke amaKhosi kanye nama-shaman ezikhathi zasendulo babephoqelekile ukuthi bahloniphe le feline yobukhona obukhulu. Phakathi kwabo bonke onkulunkulu baka-Olmec, uyisixhumanisi sesilwane esinolaka kakhulu eMelika esihlanganiswe nemvelo ngokwayo. Ine-totemic connotation, okungukuthi, ihlanganisa zonke izakhi zemvelo ngokubonakala kwendoda ye-jaguar enesibindi esikhulu.

OLMEC ONKULUNKULU

Uhlotshaniswa nenyoka yasemanzini njengeyokuqala ukumelela amanzi ngesikhathi kudalwa umhlaba. Kusukela lapha kuqhubeke, inyoka ye-jaguar igcizelelwa njengokufana nokuzala nokuzalwa. Ubuhle bale jaguar buyancomeka, ngobuhle obukhulu, kuyisizathu sokuhlonishwa kwabo bonke abaphethe ukukhokha intela. Kusukela ku-physiognomy yakhe, okulandelayo kufanele kugqanyiswe:

  • Amehlo ansundu.
  • ikhanda elikhulu
  • Amazinyo aphumayo.
  • Udebe olungenhla lujiyile kancane kunolungezansi.

Inganekwane ngayinye yonkulunkulu base-Olmec imaka inkambiso yomlando wendawo yonke kanye nendawo yaseMexico ngokwayo. Ngokusobala unkulunkulu wamaJaguar uzalwa ebuhlotsheni benyama phakathi kowesifazane nejaguar. Kusukela kulesi sigaba kwazalwa amadoda angama-jaguar. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imvelaphi yama-Olmec imakwa ngesandulela sokuba negazi le-jaguar eligijima emithanjeni yabo.

Nkulunkulu Dragon

Ineminyaka efanayo ne-jaguar futhi kukhona ngisho nokumelela okufana ncamashi nokwakheka kwayo. Eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-Monster of the Earth", iveza izifanekiso eziningana ngendlela yezithombe eziyingxenye yobufakazi bomlando bokubukeka kwayo. Isenzo sokuqopha udrako wazalelwa ngenjongo yokukhulekela, waze wadluliselwa ezingcwecweni noma emifanekisweni emincane eqoshiwe egcinwe njengezinsalela ezingavamile.

Iwumfanekiso oqanjiwe kadrako. sibonga inhlanganisela emangalisayo phakathi kwenyoka, izinyoni kanye ne-jaguar. Kuvame ukwenzeka ukuthi abanye abaculi be-Olmec babonise unkulunkulu ngomuntu othile ukuze bathole lokho kungafani phakathi kwesidalwa / umuntu.

I-physiognomy yakhe igqamisa umbala nokuma kwamashiya akhe, ngoba kuyisibonelo sokuba khona komlilo. Igama lala mashiya ngaphansi kwesiko elithi "flamigera" ngomdwebo wesiphambano se-Olmec emehlweni esidalwa. Ubukhulu bekhala layo bugqamile, linolimi oluhlukene kabili. Okunye okukhethekile yindlela udrako asabela ngayo, ngoba ezigcawini ezithile ukhafula amagama, kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile uphonsa amafu emlonyeni wakhe.

OLMEC ONKULUNKULU

Kusukela eminyakeni yayo yakudala, kuyenzeka ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi ubukhona bayo buxhumene nokuzalwa kweMesoamerica njengesifunda, kanye nezifiki zokuqala zase-Olmec. Ngokuqinisekile, izingxabano eziningi zithole ukuthi udrako akekho ohlwini lwezithixo ze-Olmec, nomunye umkhakha ngokumelene nalesi sisekelo.

Inyoka Enezimpaphe

Ngolimi lwe-Olmec yethulwa njenge-Kukulkan. Iphinde imele amanxiwa athile lapho abanye onkulunkulu base-Olmec benza khona ukuphila. Njengamanje iGulf of Mexico, enyakatho yeTabasco naseningizimu yeVeracruz ilele lesi sidalwa esinamandla esivela ku-quetzal. Amasiko ase-Central America agxile enyoka njengomphathi omkhulu phakathi kwezulu nomhlaba, njengesidalwa esiphilayo esinamandla amakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa namandla e-jaguar.

Inyoka iwumzila oxhumanisa umhlaba wasemhlabeni nowasezulwini, ngaphezu kokugunyaza ukuzalwa kwezidalwa ezintsha noma ukukhuthaza inzalo. Wayehlala esebenzisa izinyoni njengezithunywa ukuze anikeze ukwaziswa okubalulekile emadodeni aseMesoamerica. Ngaleso sizathu, umphakathi wakule ndawo wawukuhlonipha ukuba khona kwale nyoka emhlabeni.

Bonke onkulunkulu baka-Olmec babenembangi okungenani eyodwa embangweni wamandla. Enyokeni, iTezcatlipoca yayisho ukungqubuzana kwezithakazelo. Esikhundleni sokuzuza okuhle ngokuphila nokuvunda kwakho, wakhetha ukusekela ubumnyama nobumnyama. U-Huitzilopochtli ungomunye umbangi obonga amandla akhe angaphakathi okukhuthaza izimpi nokubhujiswa.

unkulunkulu wommbila

Konkulunkulu base-Olmec okukhulunywa ngabo, leli gunya lalinomusa kubantu abalungile. Ukuze avuze umsebenzi wabantu baseMesoamerica, wabusisa yonke imiphakathi ngokukhiqizwa kommbila ukuze zizondle. Ayinabo ubulili obumisiwe, ngakho-ke, ukuyibiza ngowesilisa noma owesifazane kuyasebenza lapho kubhekwa ukungaqiniseki kokuphenya ubulili bayo.

OLMEC ONKULUNKULU

Ummbila owomile uwumfanekiso walo nkulunkulu. Kuwukudla avuza ngakho izenzo ezinhle zama-Olmec. Wayehlala eqinisekisa ukudla komphakathi wakubo wonke, kuze kube yilapho esekela abalimi ekulawuleni ukuhlwanyela/ukuvuna. Vikela umhlaba kubo bonke ububi noma onkulunkulu abayingozi abazama ukugxambukela kokuhle.

Izinganekwane zama-Aztec zisitshela ukuthi ukuzalwa kwalo nkulunkulu kwakushesha kakhulu. Lapho nje ifika emhlabeni, yacasha ngaphansi kwenhlabathi yaze yashintsha yaba yizinto zonke ezingaphansi komhlaba njengokudla noma inhlabathi. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, bonke abanye bahlakazeka ngaphansi komhlaba, ukuze bathande ukutshalwa kommbila kuso sonke isifunda saseMesoamerican.

Ukotini wazalwa ngezinwele zakhe, njengoba nje echitha imbewu eminingi ngokusebenzisa imiphetho yobuso bakhe. Zonke izingxenye zobuntu bakhe zaguqulwa zaba into ewusizo esintwini noma ukudla okungcwele ukuze anelise ukulamba kwakhe. Yiqiniso, inani labantu base-Olmec, elibonga ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngokuvamile lidumisa ngezingoma nemikhuba yokubiza inala, injabulo yesizwe kanye nokuqiniswa kwezitshalo.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokubonisa ukubonga ngezipho ezitholwe kulo nkulunkulu ngokudlulisela izikhwebu ezimbalwa zommbila eThempelini laseChicomecóatl. Ngokwenza lokhu, inhliziyo yakho yommbila izosakaza imbewu eningi emhlabathini owomile ukuze kukhiqizwe lokhu kudla.

UNkulunkulu wemvula

Ngesinye isikhathi uzobe uzwile igama le-Tlaloc emlandweni waseMexico naseCentral America ngokwayo. Ungunkulunkulu onamandla impela onamandla aphelele okuphatha amanzi ngokuthanda kwakhe. Kungashiwo ukuthi nayo ingeye- onkulunkulu bama-aztec ngokuba khona emphakathini onjalo enemikhosi yokumdumisa.

I-akhawunti ekuvikelweni kwezitshalo zommbila. Uma kuneziphepho eziyingozi emasimini, u-Tlaloc wasebenzisa amandla akhe ukuxosha amanzi amabi ayezocekela phansi umsebenzi omncane ohloniphekile wabantu. Sesikushilo lokho, ukuba khona konkulunkulu bama-Olmec kulimaza ubulungisa nenhlalakahle yomphakathi yale miphakathi yomdabu.

Amandla aso angafaniswa nokuduma kwezulu noma umbani. Uma ecasukile ngeke angananazi ukusebenzisa lezi zinsiza ukuze akhiphe intukuthelo yakhe. Kwesinye isimo, uvezwa njengonkulunkulu ophanayo nomphakeli walolu ketshezi olubalulekile, kanye nesivuno esihle emhlabeni.

Lawula yonke into ehlobene nezimo zemvelo ngekhono elikhulu. Uma inhlabathi yome ngokwanele, isusa imvula endaweni eyodwa iye kwenye ukuze inisele izitshalo ezidinga uketshezi ukuze ziphile. UTlaloc ufanelwe yimihlatshelo yezilwane neyomuntu ukuze acime ulaka lwakhe. Uma kungenjalo, imicikilisho yokuzithandela ibonakala kahle kunkulunkulu, onikeza ukudla ngokunana.

Umzimba wakhe udonsela ukunaka kwamehlo amabili agqame kahle anamazinyo amise okwejaguar. Umzimba wayo uhlotshiswe ngemininingwane eminingi engokomfanekiso yamanzi, ngamathoni amnyama, aluhlaza kanye naphuzi. Amasiko asendulo agqamisa ukuthi uTlaloc ufuna ubuzalwane phakathi kwabo bonke abantu banelise endizeni yakhe.

unkulunkulu wezigebengu

Ezifundeni ezikude kakhulu naseMesoamerica yasendulo, unkulunkulu wezigebengu uhlonishwa njengenhlanganisela yezibonakaliso ezingaphezu kwemvelo, ngokomlando wangaphambi kweSpanishi. Abelaphi bamethemba ukuthi uzoxazulula izinkinga zempilo phakathi kwezakhamuzi zabo, bebika ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi wayebhekwa njengengxenye yendoda nengxenye yesipoki, ngaphakathi kokujwayelekile konkulunkulu base-Olmec.

Obizwa ngokuthi unkulunkulu ongumgulukudu ngokuqukatha ibhande elikwelinye lama-engeli aveza ngalo ubuso bakhe. Elinye lamabhande likhona kwelinye lamehlo akhe. Ikhona lezindebe zakhe ezivalekile liyinqaba. Ngokuqondene nomzimba, futhi unohlobo lwe-bandage ye-asymmetric ekhanda eliyisicaba ngokuphelele.

Ngaphezu kobufakazi obuqoqwe njengonkulunkulu onomusa nabantu bakhe, kunomunye umkhakha wezazi-mlando oqinisekisa unkulunkulu ongumgulukudu onamandla amnyama asetshenziselwa ukubangela ububi esintwini.

vuna umuntu 

Nakuba ehlukaniswa njengendoda ngokwemibandela yakhe yokuqala, ungunkulunkulu oqhubayo wenzalo, izitshalo ezinhle nobunye bomkhaya. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane zaseMesoamerican, wayengumuntu wemvelo owadela ukuphila kwakhe ukuze ondle abantu bakhe. Ngenxa yokufa kwakhe, lezo zitshalo ezazizolahleka zakhula ngendlela yokuthi ukubutha kwakhiqiza ukudla okunomsoco.

Ngaphakathi kwezinganekwane zeVeracruz kunendoda egama layo linguHomshuk, eyafa ngendlela efanayo ukuze iqinisekise ukudla komphakathi wayo. Ofakazi bayaqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla okuningi kuhlume emadolweni akhe ukwanelisa indlala yaseVeracruz. Uyawazi umsuka we onkulunkulu baseceltic namandla akhe angenakuqhathaniswa? Thola konke okuhlobene nazo.

Phakathi kwamanye ama-anecdotes, lapho esondela ethuneni lendoda yokuvuna, emahoreni ambalwa alandelayo kuzofika inala ekhaya, kusitshalo ngasinye asisungule isikhathi esithile. Isiko lamaQuiché lihlobanisa ukubethelwa kukaJesu Kristu nomuntu wokuvuna ngoba, ngenkathi indodana kaNkulunkulu ikhuluma amazwi ayo okugcina enkuthazo, ummbila wahluma emhlabeni.


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  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.