Iyiphi i-afp ehamba phambili e-Chile? Ukuhlangabezana nenzuzo kakhulu!

Kulesi sihloko esithakazelisayo uzofunda mayelanaiyiphi i-afp engcono kakhulu eChile? izici zayo futhi uzokwazi futhi inzuzo kakhulu. Qhubeka bese ukhetha okulula kakhulu!

okuyinto-ehamba phambili-AFP-in-Chile 2

¿Iyiphi i-AFP ehamba phambili eChile?

Ngaphambi kokungena ngokugcwele kulesi sihloko esithakazelisayo nesibalulekile, udinga ukwazi incazelo yesifinyezo se-AFP. Zihambisana ne-Administration of Pension Funds eChile.

Lo mbuzo uba enye yezinkinga ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukuxazulula, kodwa sizothi konke kuhlobene nezithakazelo zomuntu siqu isisebenzi esinazo, okungukuthi, ezinye zizonikeza ukubaluleka okukhulu kumbono wezomnotho, odlala indima yokunquma.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izisebenzi zingazindla ngokuthi izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali zingaba yini, uma ishibhile futhi zifinyeleleka, kanti kwabanye, ukukhiqizwa kwembuyiselo eyengeziwe futhi engcono kudla ngokuba yinkomba yokukhetha. Funda mayelana nenzuzo, kulesi sixhumanisi esithakazelisayo uzothola okudingayo Imbuyiselo yaminyaka yonke

Mhlawumbe kungenye indlela esebenzayo ukukhetha i-AFP mayelana nokuhlelela ikusasa nokubheka isikhwama esinenzuzo enhle; Uma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungumuntu okwamanje ojabulela iholo elihle, inketho kungaba ukukhetha i-AFP enamakhomishini aphansi nezindleko.

okuyinto-ehamba phambili-AFP-in-Chile 3

Ukuzuza

Abasebenzi abaningi bacabanga ukufuna i-AFP ngokucabangela isici senzuzo. Ngalo mqondo, i-Superintendency yezimpesheni ishicilela uhlu (Izinga) lenzuzo nyanga zonke, lithola lezo ezihlangabezana namazinga okusebenza kahle ngokwemibandela ebekwe yileyo nhlangano enekhono.

Ngenxa yalokhu osekushiwo ngenhla, isisebenzi sinethuba lokuthola ulwazi oluthembekile nolufika ngesikhathi ukuze sikwazi ukubona ukuziphatha kwezinhlobo A, B, C, D kanye no-E Izimali ze-AFP ngayinye ukuze akhethe ezifanele kakhulu ezigculisayo. ukukhathazeka kanye/noma noma izidingo zabo.

Ukukhombisa lokhu okungenhla, sizokwenza i-dynamic inhloso yayo ukukhombisa izici ze-Funds A kanye no-E.

Isikhwama sohlobo A sibhekwa njengenenzuzo kakhulu esikhathini eside, kodwa uma sehluleka, yisona esisengozini enkulu yokulahlekelwa. Ithathwa njengokushuba okwedlulele, kodwa uma isilulama iyona ekhuphuka kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo.

Uma kwenzeka isisebenzi sineminyaka eminingi yokuphila okuwusizo kwesokunxele, kusukela ekubukeni komsebenzi, kuhle ukukhetha lolu hlobo lwesikhwama ku-akhawunti eyisibopho.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Isikhwama sohlobo lwe-E siveza isici sokungabi sengozini enkulu ngokuphathelene nangaphambili futhi siyindlela enhle kakhulu. Ukukhetha kwakho ukonga isikhathi esifushane kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-akhawunti 2, ngesisebenzi, kukunikeza inzuzo enkulu uma siyiqhathanisa nediphozi yesikhathi ebhange lezentengiso.

Iyiphi eshibhe kakhulu e-Chile?

Njengoba sike sasho ezigabeni ezedlule, ukukhethwa kwabaphathi besikhwama sempesheni kusaqhubeka nokubonakala kuncike kakhulu kulokho okufunwa ngumsebenzi, lokho akuthandayo noma ukunethezeka kwakhe.

Kulo mongo, uma sicabangela lezi zizathu, kunzima kakhulu ukusungula umbandela ojwayelekile wokunquma ngokunembile ukuthi yiziphi izindleko eziphansi kakhulu ezweni.

Kusukela kulo mbono, umbandela wokukhetha enye indlela ebonisa izindleko ezincane zamakhomishini noma izindleko zokunakekela i-akhawunti eSikhwameni kanye naleyo enikeza isisebenzi usizo olukhulu noma inzuzo enkulu ibonakala.

Iyiphi i-AFP ehamba phambili eChile ngo-2020?

Siyayazi intshisekelo enkulu abasebenzi abanayo yokwaziswa mayelana nabaphathi besikhwama sempesheni abangcono kakhulu, ngenxa yalesi sizathu sikwethulela ukuhlaziywa ukuze uphendule lowo mbuzo ozibuza wona.

Ukunquma ukuthi yikuphi okubaluleke kakhulu kuwumsebenzi onzima, noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi ucabangele izindlela ezintathu ezizokusiza ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ulinganise izinqubo ezifanayo ezifanayo ezikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe okulinganiselayo.

Uma sicabangela la maphuzu, siqhubekela phambili sixoxa ngezinto okufanele uzicabangele ngaphambi kokukhetha ukuphathwa kwesikhwama sempesheni.

Lezi zingxenye yilezi: Okokuqala, inzuzo lezi zimali ezisinika yona, okwesibili, amakhomishini akhokhiswa izimali ezishiwo futhi okokugcina, izici ezizimele ezichazwe ngenhla.

Ukuphathwa kwezikhwama zempesheni

Siyakutshela ukuthi i-Chile njengamanje ine-Pension Fund Administration eyisikhombisa, okuyilezi ezilandelayo:

  • I-AFP Capital
  • I-AFP Cuprum
  • Indawo ye-AFP
  • Imodeli ye-AFP
  • I-Planvital AFP
  • I-AFP Prolife
  • I-AFP EYODWA

Imibandela yokukhetha okuyi-afp ehamba phambili

Ngezansi ukuhlaziya abaphathi bezikhwama zempesheni abahamba phambili. Ngokwemithombo evela ku-Superintendency Yezimpesheni, ngokusekelwe kumapharamitha wokulinganisa: Inzuzo kanye Nokuguquguquka Kwezimbuyiselo (2019).

  • I-AFP engcono - iphrofayili ye-Riskier:TWonke ama-AFP abe nembuyiselo engemihle cishe -5% esikhathini kanye nokuguquguquka okungaphezulu kuka-7%.
  • I-AFP ehamba phambili - Iphrofayili enobungozi: Futhi, Wonke ama-AFP abe nembuyiselo engemihle cishe -3% kanye nokuguquguquka okungaphezulu kuka-5%.
  • Ngephrofayili emaphakathi, i-AFP enenzuzo ephezulu kakhulu yi-AFP Capital ngenzuzo engu- -0,89%.
  •  Ngephrofayili emaphakathi, i-AFP enenzuzo ephezulu kakhulu yi-AFP Capital ngenzuzo engu- -0,89%.
  • I-AFP ehamba phambili - Iphrofayili ye-Conservative: Ukuze uthole iphrofayili elondolozayo, i-AFP Model Yilona elinikeza inzuzo ephezulu kakhulu ngo-0,88% kanye nokuguquguquka okungu-2,36%.
  • Iphrofayili eyengeziwe: Kule nkomba, i-AFP enenzuzo ephezulu kakhulu yephrofayili yobungozi evikelekile kakhulu I-AFP Habitat enezinga elincishisiwe lokuntengantenga elingu-3,04%.

Kusukela ekuhlaziyeni kwangaphambilini sizobonisa idatha elandelayo okufanele uyicabangele:

  • Inzuzo: I-AFP ebheka ukuziphatha okuhle, ngaphansi komugqa okhethiwe (inzuzo) yiNhlokodolobha.
  •  Ukubamba iqhaza: Ngokuphathelene nale nkomba, ngokusho kwe-Superintendency of Pensions ngoNovemba 2019, ngokomugqa wokubamba iqhaza okuphezulu kakhulu, sithola idatha elandelayo: Indawo yokuhlala. (27,9%), kulandele iProvida (24,9%), Ukulingana (19,2%) kanye neCuprum (19,0%). Nakuba ama-AFP anamaphesenti aphansi kakhulu ezimpahla eziphethwe yilezi: I-Modelo (5,5%) ne-Planvital (3,4%).
  •  Izinkampani Ezisebenzisanayo: Mayelana nalesi sikhombi, kufanele sisho ukuthi ukuduma kuyisenzakalo esibalulekile sezengqondo nenhlalo yabantu esingaba nomthelela ekukhethweni kwesikhwama esithile sokuphatha impesheni, izici ezicatshangelwayo ezifana nekhwalithi engcono yezinsizakalo noma izindleko zokulungisa ezingenzima kangako. ama-akhawunti kanye nokwenza kahle. ekusebenzelaneni nabasebenzisi.

Okulandelayo, sethula imiphumela yenani lamanxusa e-AFP ngayinye eminyakeni engu-5 edlule ngokusho kwe-Superintendency of Pensions. Kulo mugqa, umphumela waba kanje: PLAVITAL , ngokukhula okusondele ku-300%, kulandelwa i-MODELO, eyakhula ngo-17%. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-AFP alahlekelwe inombolo enkulu kunazo zonke yabathintekayo yi-PROVIDA ne-CAPITAL, ehle cishe ngo-10% ngayinye.

  • Amakhomishana: Enye inkomba okufanele icatshangelwe ukuqoqwa kwamakhomishana ambalwa I-Administration ekhokhisa amakhomishini amancane yilena ebizwa ngokuthi iModel enamaphesenti angu-0,77%. Ngokuphambene neProvida ene-1,45%.

Uma sicubungula yonke imininingwane ehlaziywe futhi siphendula umbuzo, singakwazi ukuvala umqondo wokusungula lokho okuzoba yimibandela yokuthethelela ukukhethwa kwesikhwama esifanele.

Ngalo mqondo, uma sikhetha i-Planvital sicabangela inani labasebenzisi, uma umbandela ungokwesimo sezomnotho esihlobene namakhomishana aphansi kakhulu, i-AFP ezokhethwa izoba iModeli futhi uma inzalo iqukethe inzuzo, khona-ke ukuthambekela kungaba Capital. . Konke kuzoncika ezintweni ozithakaselayo kanye nezidingo zokulolonga ukukhetha kwakho.

Ukufingqa, ngaphezu kwezinkomba ezivezwe ezigabeni ezedlule, izici ezimbili ezibalulekile kufanele zicatshangelwe ekukhethweni kwe-AFP, njengeminyaka yesisebenzi kanye nesilinganiso somnikelo wempesheni, kokubili okudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. . .

Iminyaka yobudala iyacatshangelwa njengoba iyimbangela yemvelaphi yomuntu ohola impesheni ukuze ajabulele impesheni yakhe yomhlalaphansi futhi iyisizathu esinamandla sokuhlela inzuzo esikhathini esizayo nangokwezilinganiso zomnikelo, njengoba eguquguqukayo. futhi okungalindelekile, okuguquguqukayo ngokuya ngamandla angaphandle asebenzisana nomnotho waseChile.

Okuningi mayelana nokuthi iyiphi i-AFP ehamba phambili

Ukuze sikunikeze ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko, sithanda ukukutshela ukuthi abaphathi bezikhwama zempesheni yizikhungo zezimali ezizimele ezinjongo yazo enkulu iwukuphatha izimali zabasebenzi be-akhawunti yokulondoloza ukuze bathole impesheni.

Lezi zimali zilawulwa uhlelo lwe-capitalisation system, oluhlanganisa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye onge ingxenye yeholo lakhe ukuze asekele impesheni ngesikhathi ethatha umhlalaphansi. Kuyadingeka ukucabanga ukuthi lokhu kulondoloza, njenganoma iyiphi ithuluzi lezezimali, kukhiqiza inzuzo efakwe kumlondolozi.

Ngaphambi koshintsho olwenzeka eChile mayelana nokuqaliswa kwesistimu ye-capitalisation yomuntu ngamunye, kwakunesimiso sezimali zempesheni, abasebenzi ababenikela ngaso iminikelo yabo ngokohlobo lomsebenzi abawenzile emagatsheni ahlukene emboni.

Indlela yokusebenza yalezi zimali ihambe kanje: Benza isaphulelo ngendlela yentela kubasebenzi ababengaphansi kwesikhwama leso ukuze bakhokhe impesheni kubasebenzi baso asebethathe umhlalaphansi; yaziwa nangokuthi isistimu yokusabalalisa, ngolimi olukhululekile.

Ukuphathwa kwesikhwama sempesheni kwasungulwa ngesikhathi sikahulumeni kaGeneral Augusto Pinochet futhi kubhekwa njengamandla emodeli yezomnotho yezwe.

Into eyenzekayo njengamanje e-Chile iyathakazelisa. Abantu abangenakubalwa sebesondele ekukhipheni iphesenti lemali abayilondolozile kubaphathi besikhwama sempesheni ezizimele.

Njengoba kunikezwe imvume kuCongress "yomthetho we-10%", ukuhoxiswa kwalelo phesenti lezimali. Lesi sinqumo sigqugquzelwa isimo umhlaba obhekene naso ngobhubhane lwe-Covid-19, okudala ukwanda kwezinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kanye nokuwohloka komnotho okukhulu amazwe abhekene nakho. Lesi sinyathelo asizange samkelwe kahle izinkampani zomshwalense ezizimele noma uhulumeni kazwelonke.

Okulandelayo, sikunikeza i-audiovisual material ukuze ukwazi ukubona ukuthi ukuphathwa kwesikhwama sempesheni kusebenza kanjani njengamanje.


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