Uma kufika iPhasika, abantu bahlale benelukuluku lokwazi uJesu wafelaphi esiphambanweni? Ngokomlando itholakala emaphethelweni eJerusalema eNtabeni iGolgotha. Ngokwesiko lobuKristu, uJesu wafa ngoLwesihlanu lwePhasika.
Kungakho uLwesihlanu Oluhle lukhumbula ukubethelwa nokuhlupheka kukaJesu Kristu.
Intaba yaseGolgotha
Ngokusho kwe- IBhayibheli, uJesu waseNazaretha walengiswa esiphambanweni eNtabeni iGolgotha ngaphandle komuzi omdala waseJerusalema ngemva kodwendwe olude emigwaqweni yaseJerusalema. Eminyakeni eyalandela, ikakhulukazi embonini 326 AD, uConstantine Omkhulu wakha kuleyo ndawo i-Basilica ye-Holy Sepulcher. Ngenxa yalokhu, umbono wentaba yeziphambano ezintathu ezingqondweni zethu awukona lokhu oyikho namuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intaba ihlanganiswe neJerusalema namuhla. Awusekho emaphethelweni edolobha njengoba kwakunjalo ngezikhathi zamaRoma.
Kodwa kungani iKhalvari noma iGolgotha ihlobene nogebhezi?
Kunemibono eminingana, nakuba ezimbili ezamukelwa kakhulu izazi-mlando yilezi ezilandelayo. Elokuqala likhomba ku- isimo sendawo intaba yakho, elimise okogebhezi lwekhanda lomuntu. Okunye okungenzeka ukuthi, ekubeni indawo ehloselwe yona ukubulawa komphakathi, abaningi bayosala lapho amathambo nezingebhezi.
I-hypothesis 1: Ngaphansi kweKhathedrali Lethuna Elingcwele
Ngonyaka 326 AD UHelen waseConstantinople (ngaleso sikhathi owayeneminyaka engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ubudala) weza eJerusalema njengonina wombusi waseRoma, ezimisele ukuthola i-Holy Sepulcher of Jesus. Lapho esesemhlabeni, wenza abahlakaniphe kakhulu emzaneni bavuma lokho ababekwazi ngendawo lapho uKristu abethelwa khona futhi wangcwatshwa. Bamyisa egqumeni lapho uMbusi uHadrian eyala khona ukwakhiwa kwethempeli elinikezelwe konkulunkulukazi bamaRoma. Aphrodite y Venus emakhulwini amabili eminyaka edlule.
Unina wombusi wayala ukuba ithempeli lidilizwe futhi kumbiwe kuleyo ndawo. Ukuthola iziphambano ezintathu (akholelwa ukuthi ngezikaJesu namasela amabili) kanye nethuna elambiwa emhumeni welimestone, ayekholelwa ukuthi ithuna likaJesu..
U-Helena nendodana yakhe uConstantine I bakha ithempeli likanokusho endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i- I-Cathedral ye-Holy Sepulcher, neNtaba iGolgotha kanye neThuna Elingcwele kuyosala.
I-hypothesis 2: Egqumeni eduze kwesiteshi sebhasi
Kodwa indawo yendabuko yeNtaba iGolgotha ayamukelwa ngokugcwele yiwo wonke umuntu. Ku 1842, isazi semfundiso yenkolo nesazi seBhayibheli okuthiwa u-Otto Thenius waseDresden sashicilela umbono osekelwe ocwaningweni luka-Edward Robinson. Kulo mbono, waveza ukuthi iGolgotha yaseBhayibhelini yayisesontweni ngaphandle kweSango laseDamaseku, entabeni enamatshe. I-enclave itholakala ngamamitha angama-600 nje enyakatho yeChurch of the Holy Sepulcher, ngaphansi kohambo lwemizuzu eyi-15.. Futhi iyindawo ethulile njengoba ingagcwele kakhulu
En 1882, UMajor General Charles George Gordon wasekela lo mbono futhi indawo yaqanjwa kabusha "Gordon's Calvary". Indawo, manje eyaziwa emphakathini wezesayensi ngokuthi Ingquza Yekhanda, linewa esisekelweni salo elinezimbobo ezimbili ezinkulu ezifana nezisekelo zamehlo zogebhezi. Yena nabanye abangaphambi kwakhe bacabanga ukuthi yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi iNtaba iGolgotha.
Eduze kukaGordon's Calvary kunengcwaba lasendulo elaziwa namuhla ngokuthi iGarden Tomb. UGordon uhlongoza ukuthi leli ithuna likaJesu. Uma lo mbono ka-Otto Thenius, u-Edward Robinson noGeorge Gordon ulungile, khona-ke iGolgotha namuhla ingashiwo ukuthi iseduze nendawo yokupaka esiteshini samabhasi yaseDamaseku, eduze kweThuna Lengadi. Lesi sigcawu sinobufakazi obuthile bemivubukulo obuhambisana nokulandisa kweBhayibheli, njengokuthi utholakala emaphethelweni eJerusalema nokuba umngcele (owayewumgwaqo, namuhla onguthelawayeka).
Kuneminye imibono ehlukile mayelana nendawo yeGolgotha, kodwa le mibili ingeyamukelwa kakhulu umphakathi wesayensi.
Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izintaba ezimbili okungenzeka ukuthi iGolgotha yiyona yangempela? Zombili izinketho zinabasekeli bazo nabaphikisi. Abavubukuli kanye nezazi-mlando basaphikisana ngakho, kodwa mhlawumbe akuyona into ebalulekile, kodwa umlayezo womfundisi obethelwe ekwahluleleni okungalungile.
Ikuphi iNtaba iGolgotha?
INtaba iGolgotha itholakala edolobheni laseJerusalema, nakuba ingaba nezindawo ezimbili ezingaba khona. I-Basilica yendabuko ye-Holy Sepulcher yakhiwa uConstantine I ngo-AD 326 phezu kwalokho umama wakhe uConstantinople Helena ayecabanga ukuthi kwakuyiNtaba iGolgotha kanye ne-Holy Sepulcher. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, eduze kwesiteshi samabhasi, kunomthambeka onamadwala omise kogebhezi lwekhanda, umcwaningi uCharles Gordon angangabazi ukuyibona njengeNtaba iGolgotha yangempela ngo-1882.
Ukuduma okuqhumisa i-septum yamakhala yogebhezi
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ugebhezi lwekhanda edwaleni lwalahlekelwa ingxenye yalo ehambisana ne-nasal septum ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwesiphepho esinamandla Februwari 2015, kodwa izithombe eziningi ziye zasinda (eziningi zazo ezaboniswa abaqondisi bendawo) ezibonisa umthambeka njengoba amadwala ayenjalo ngaphambi kwesenzakalo sezulu.
Izithakazelo zeNtaba iGolgotha
ITestamente Elisha lichaza iGolgotha, indawo okwabethelwa kuyo esiphambanweni, ngokuthi "eduze kwedolobha" ( Johane 19:20 ) kanye "ngaphandle kwezindonga" ( Hebheru 13:12 ). Indawo engokwesiko yayiyobeka lentaba yasenganekwaneni eJerusalema, phakathi nenkaba yedolobha laseRoma kanye neThempeli lika-Aphrodite. Lawa mathempeli ayalwa ukuba akhiwe uMbusi uHadrian, kumaKristu ahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ngemva kokufa kukaJesu Kristu.
En 2004, uprofesa waseBrithani uSir Henry Chadwick waphikisa ngokuthi lapho abakhi bakaHadrian behlela kabusha idolobha lasendulo iJerusalema, "bahlonze iGolgotha ngephutha phakathi kwezindonga ezintsha". Ngamanye amazwi, intaba ngabe ifakwe ohlelweni olusha lokuhlela amadolobha. Umuzi waseJerusalema, ngoba awusekho emaphethelweni edolobha njengoba kwakunjalo ngesikhathi sikaPontiyu Pilatu.
Eminyakeni embalwa ngemva kokwakhiwa kabusha kweJerusalema, ngo-326 AD, uConstantine Omkhulu waba neBandla leBandla Ithuna elingcwele. Isonto lombhishobhi elihle okungenzeka lakhiwe phezu kwezindawo ezingcwele zobuKristu ezimbili: iNtaba iGolgotha kanye nethuna, lapho isidumbu sikaJesu sabekwa khona ngemva kokwehla esiphambanweni.
Ngethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi mayelana neNtaba iGolgotha lube usizo kuwe.