Isithombe ngu-Marcel Langthim wase-Pixabay
Amalulwane aphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezinye izilwane. ubukhulu obufanayo: uma siqhathanisa nabantu singasho ukuthi yizinhlobo ezingu-19 kuphela eziphila isikhathi eside kunabantu futhi kulezi ezingu-18 zingamalulwane.
Elinye igundane lemvukuzane elinqunu laseMpumalanga Afrika, I-Heterocephalus glaber, isilwane esingaphansi komhlaba ngokumelana okumangalisayo nobuhlungu, okufana namalulwane, engeza ingozi ephansi yamathumba ekuphileni isikhathi eside futhi, njengamalulwane, imodeli yokuhlola ebalulekile yocwaningo kulo mkhakha.
Ngaphezu kokuba yizona kuphela izilwane ezincelisayo ezikwazile ukundiza ngenkuthalo ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, amalulwane abuye abe nesici sokuthi amelana ngendlela engavamile nokutheleleka. Kodwa kuncane esikwaziyo ngezizathu ezenza bajabulele impilo enhle kangaka. Ukuthola ukuthi ngemuva kwalokhu kuphila kahle kunemfihlo yezinto eziphilayo engasetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, ngakho-ke, kungase futhi kubonise ukuguqulwa kokuvimbela nokwelashwa kwezifo eziningi zabantu.
Umugqa omusha wocwaningo lwamalulwane
Ngalesi sizathu, isikhathi eside manje, zombili izikhungo zocwaningo zomphakathi nezizimele bezinikezelwe ocwaningweni lwamalulwane, ikakhulukazi, amasosha omzimba awo. Ngobhubhane-ke, intshisekelo kubo isikhule nakakhulu, kumbono osekelwe kahle wokuthi, ngo Njengegciwane lokuqala le-SARS, i-SARS-CoV-2 nayo yakhethwa phakathi kwalezi zilwane. ebumnyameni bomhume eNingizimu yeChina noma eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Ukuxhaswa ngemali komphakathi kwalo mzila we uphenyo, oluvela eChina nase-United States, yakhula ngo-2021. Izingqungquthela kuze kube yiminyaka embalwa edlule zibekelwe abathanda abambalwa zabona ukubamba iqhaza kwabacwaningi kukhula. Eminyakeni emithathu nje, inani lezinkomba zezilwane ezincelisayo ezindizayo ezihlokweni ze-immunology liphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kokuthathu.
Isithombe sika-Jose Miguel Guardeño wase-Pixabay
Kusukela ocwaningweni lwamalulwane izidakamizwa ngokumelene ukuvuvukala.
Umuntu aze aqale ukubheka ukuthi kungenzeka yini ibhizinisi. Omunye wabo Phil Ferro, owasebenza ezikhungweni zikahulumeni impilo yakhe yonke futhi isikhathi esithile wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokulwa nezinsongo zebhayoloji ngaphansi koMkhandlu Wezokuphepha Kazwelonke e-White House. Ukholelwa kukho kangangokuthi ukwazile ukukholisa abatshalizimali abaningana ukuba baxhase ukwethulwa kwesiqalo esisha, i-Massachusetts-based Paratus Science, esinezigidi ezingu-$ 100 zebhizinisi lebhizinisi: umgomo wenkampani ukufunda i-biology ethile kakhulu . yamalulwane for ukuthuthukisa izidakamizwa ngokumelene nokuvuvukala, inqubo manje eyaziwa ngokunqamula izifo eziningi ezinkulu zesikhathi sethu, kusukela ezifweni ezihlasela umzimba wokuzivikela ezifweni kuya kumdlavuza, kusukela ekuphazamisekeni kwezinqubo ze-metabolic kuya ezifweni zenhliziyo nokuguga.
imiphumela yokuqala
Umkhakha wocwaningo awunamkhawulo futhi udinga izindlela ezahlukene ngoba, okwamanje, kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo mayelana namasosha omzimba wamalulwane. Ngokwesibonelo, kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kofuzo, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi inani elingavamile lezicucu zofuzo zamagciwane ziye zafakwa kuyi-DNA yezinye izinhlobo zalezi zilwane phakathi nenkulungwane yeminyaka:Ingabe lokhu kunganikeza uhlobo "lokugoma kokuzalwa"? Izakhi zofuzo zelulwane nazo zibonakala zinemiyalelo yokwenza "izidambisigciwane." okwemvelo»: Ama-molecule aphazamisa ukuphindaphindeka kwegciwane noma avimbele izinhlayiya ekuphumeni kweseli.
Okunye okukhethekile kwezinye izinhlobo zamalulwane yizinga eliphezulu le-interferon, umkhiqizo wemvelo nongaqondile okhiqizwa ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ekuphenduleni ukutheleleka, kodwa-ke, lapha kubonakala kuhlezi kusezingeni eliphezulu ngisho nalapho kungekho isifo esithathelwanayo. usongo. Lo mlamuleli kumalulwane, ngokungafani nabantu, akabangeli inqubo eqinile yokuvuvukala.. Ngokuqondile, phakathi kwezimfihlo zokumelana nalezi zilwane ekuthelelekeni kubonakala kuyikhono elinembile lokushintsha impendulo ngaphandle kwalokho kusabela okunamandla okwenza ngezinye izikhathi umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni kunamagciwane namabhaktheriya.
Kodwa ukuze uqonde ukuthi lezi zilwane zasebusuku zingafukamela kanjani amagciwane amabi ngaphandle kokulinyazwa, nokuthi lokhu kuncike endleleni ekwazi ukukhiqiza kabusha evamile kuwo wonke amalulwane nawo wonke amagciwane, kudingeka sigxilise ukunaka kwethu enkingeni yesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba kulezi ezikhetheke kakhulu. izilwane ezincelisayo, ngisho nasekuphenduleni amagciwane ahlukahlukene. Kudingeka sizifunde siphila.
Isithombe nguSimon Berstecher wasePixabay
Ubunzima bokulima amakoloni.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abanye abacwaningi baye babhekana nezingozi kanye nobunzima bokuthola izinto zokuzibamba, bezama ukuzizalanisa ezikhungweni zocwaningo. Akuwona umsebenzi olula, njengoba amalulwane adinga indawo ekahle, akhulelwe isikhathi eside futhi azalana kancane kakhulu kunamagundane avamile asetshenziswa elabhorethri. Ezinhlotsheni ezingu-1450 ezaziwayo, kuze kube manje ezimbalwa zikwazile ukuzalela lapho zivalelwe.: ikakhulukazi amalulwane esithelo, njengabaseJamaican abafundelwa eColorado noma abaseGibhithe abalinywa esiqhingini saseRiems, eJalimane, kwelinye lamalulwane asebenza kahle kakhulu ocwaningweni lwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ayingozi kakhulu, anezinga lesi-4 lama-biosafety laboratories (BSL -4) ).
Akukho okungenziwa esikhundleni se "horseshoes", njengoba kubizwa amalulwane I-Rhinopolus, labo lapho kukholakala ukuthi igciwane lokuqala le-SARS likhethiwe nalapho kutholwe khona izibonelo eziningi zofuzo ezihlobene ne-SARS-CoV-2. Kuze kube manje akekho noyedwa okwazile ukwakha ikoloni elikhiqiza kabusha ekuthunjweni.
Qonda ukumelana kwakho namagciwane.
E-Asia, ikoloni elikhulu kunawo wonke lamalulwane lisesikhungweni esixhumene ne-Duke - National University of Singapore (Duke - NUS) Medical School, okuyinto ungabala cishe amalulwane ayi-140 kwezinhlobo ze-Eonycteris spelaea (noma ilulwane lasekuseni), isithelo se- ukukhwelana kuhlanganisa nezibonelo ezingamashumi amabili eziqoqwe eSingapore phakathi kuka-2015 no-2016. Ngokuzibheka, ososayensi bazama ukuqonda izizathu zokuphila kwabo isikhathi eside, ukumelana kwabo namagciwane, kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-metabolic okubavumela ukuba bandize.
Ingozi evela emigedeni, amalulwane
Ngaleso sikhathi, ucwaningo oluyisisekelo ngamagciwane angaphakathi kwamalulwane luyaqhubeka, mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwemigqa yabo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nezinqubo lapho amalulwane ekhulula ama-agent athathelwanayo endaweni engenabungozi kubo, izakhi eziyisisekelo zokuvimbela izimo eziphuthumayo ezintsha.
Eqinisweni, asinakukhohlwa ukuthi ezinye zazo amagciwane abulala kakhulu abantu abaziyo bafike ngokunembile ngokuthintana namalulwane: ukusuka kumarabi kuye e-Ebola, ukusuka eHendra naseNipah kuya ku-coronavirus ebhekele i-SARS yokuqala, okwathi ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka yabulala amakhulukhulu abantu.
Amalulwane aqashwe ngokukhethekile
Kusukela lapho, njengoba ngishilo lapha, amalulwane abonwa ngendlela ekhethekile, ngoba phakathi kwemindeni eminingi yohlelo I-Chiroptera lokho kuhlanganisa, izinkulungwane zama-coronavirus azungeza, eziningi zazo zingadluliselwa kubantu. Umzamo usuqinisiwe emzamweni wokuxazulula imfihlakalo yemvelaphi yaleli gciwane: ukuthola isilwane okungenzeka ukuthi sithwele leli gciwane emakethe yezinhlanzi yase-Huanan kuzoqeda ingxabano lapho izizathu zezombusazwe zivame ukungenelela khona. . inqoba lezo zesayensi.
Izilwane okufanele zihlolwe kabusha
Kuze kube manje, ucwaningo oluningi olwenziwa ngamalulwane lugxile ezingozini ezingaba khona, futhi le ndlela isize yabhebhethekisa ukwesaba nokunengeka abakwenzayo kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, amalulwane abalulekile ku-ecosystem, hhayi nje ngoba ayasivikela omiyane abayingozi: UMnyango Wezinhlanzi Nezilwane Zasendle wase-US ubale ukuthi, ngenxa yamalulwane adla izinambuzane, ukulimala kwezitshalo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kubiza ngaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu ngonyaka, e-United States kuphela. Uma futhi besinika isikhali sokumelana kangcono nokuhlaselwa kwamagciwane kanye nobudala, mhlawumbe singafunda ukuwazisa nakakhulu.