Ingabe uyafuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko zeNkawu?Ikuphi indawo yayo yokuhlala? noma iyini imikhuba yabo? Yebo, kulesi sihloko sizochaza zonke lezi zici, ukuze ube nombono ongcono wezici ezithakazelisa kakhulu zalesi silwane esimangalisayo nezinye izinto.
Izimpawu Zenkawu
Lesi silwane esithakazelisayo siye sabizwa ngokuthi inkawu, okuyisilwane esincelisayo sohlobo lwe-primate, okuthi ngokwesigaba se-taxonomic noma se-zoological sibonakala njengesihlobo somuntu futhi sinokufana okuthile ngokomzimba nokuziphatha komuntu, okukhulu kunalokho esingase sibe nakho. noma yiziphi ezinye izilwane ezikhona emhlabeni. Ngempela, ihlobene eduze nezinhlobo ze-homo sapiens, nakuba ingasondeli njengezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezinjenge-chimpanzee noma i-gorilla.
Ziyizilwane eziphakeme, ezihlukaniswa phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo futhi zinezinga eliphezulu lokuhlakanipha, ngakho ziyakwazi ukuxoxisana, zibe nenhlangano ye-hierarchical futhi ziyakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ngendlela yokuqala kakhulu.
Kube nokwenzeka ukubala cishe izinhlobo ezingama-260 zezinkawu emhlabeni, ezisezindaweni eziningi kakhulu, zohlobo lwe-arboreal, okusho ukuthi zihlala ezihlahleni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lunegama elihlukile, nokho-ke, ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela njengokungathi zifana kakhulu noma zifana, njengoba kunjalo namagama athi inkawu, imfene noma i-macaque.
Esinye isici se-colloquial okufanele sisicabangele ukuthi sivame ukusebenzisa igama lenkawu njengegama elifanayo lenkawu, nakuba kunomehluko obaluleke kakhulu we-taxonomic, njengoba kwenzeka ukuthi izinkawu azinawo umsila we-prehensile, kuyilapho izinkawu, okuyinto ngiludinga njengosizo ukuze ukwazi ukubambelela kangcono emagatsheni ezihlahla.
Ukuhlukaniswa kweZoological of the Monkey
Okokuqala kumele kushiwo ukuthi izinkawu ziyizilwane ezinomgogodla, ngoba zinesimiso samathambo nomgogodla, kodwa futhi ziyizilwane ezincelisayo, ngoba umbungu wabantwana bazo ukhula ngaphakathi kwabesifazane futhi banamabele, abadla ngawo. abancane babo ekuzalweni.
Izinkawu basonta oda izinkawu futhi ihlukaniswe yaba imindeni emibili, umndeni platyrrhine, okuyizinto okungezona ezezwe elisha; kanye nama-cercopithecoids, awezwe elidala. Zihluke kakhulu ezinkawini, eziseduze nomuntu, ezibuye zibizwe ngokuthi ama-hominoid, njengoba kunjalo ngama-gibbon, ama-chimpanzee, ama-orangutan nama-gorilla.
Umehluko ukuthi izinkawu zinomsila we-prehensile, isimiso samathambo esidala kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile zincane ngosayizi.
indawo yezinkawu
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zenkawu saziwa yibo bonke futhi ukuthi inkawu yanda kakhulu ezindaweni zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Indawo yokuhlala yenkawu ingatholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo kakhulu nasehlathini ezitholakala enkabazwe, kodwa kunjalo ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye luye lwakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila ezikhethekile kakhulu emahlathini nasemahlathini.
Emazweni aseMelika, isibalo esikhulu sazo singatholakala ezindaweni zaseMexico, Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika, kanti ezwenikazi laseYurophu zitholakala endaweni yaseGibraltar, kodwa kunezinhlobo zezilwane emahlathini ase-Asia nase-Afrika.
I-Monkey Evolution
Ngenxa yokuthi inkolelo-mbono kaCharles Darwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo iye yaqondwa kabi, siye sangaqondi kahle ukuthi inkawu ingukhokho womuntu, kanti empeleni akunjalo, njengoba iyisihlobo esikude kakhulu somuntu.
Okubonakala kuqinisekile ngokwesayensi ukuthi zonke izimpungushe ziphenduka inzalo yedlozi elilodwa, elahlukana nazo zonke ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zangena ezihlahleni cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu edlule. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuphila kwakuchichima ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo, futhi inkawu yaqala ukuzivumelanisa nokuziphendukela kwemvelo endaweni yayo entsha, okwakuyi-arboreal.
Le primate yokuqala yakudala yayizodala ama-lori, ama-lemurs, ama-loris nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo, lapho amagatsha okuziphendukela kwemvelo anikeza ithuba lezinkawu zokuqala ezinemisila ye-prehensile aqala ukuvela, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamashumi amane edlule, futhi ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kuphumelele. inqubo yenzeka ezwenikazi lase-Asia.
Ukuziphatha Kwenkawu
Esinye sezici zenkawu ukuthi iyisilwane esithanda ukuba nobudlelwane nabanye abantu, esihlala ngamaqembu futhi sinekhono lokunaka, inkampani nothando.
Ukujwayela ukuphila emphakathini kube ngendlela yokuthi baye bakwazi ukuzihlela ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lwezikhundla kanye nekhono labo lokunikeza lokho kunakekela, uthando kanye nenkampani kusetshenziswa emazingeni abenza bafane nabantu. Kunamaqembu akwazile ukuzisungula futhi asehloliwe, akhombisa ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano obuqinile futhi obusondelene phakathi kwawo, obuhlala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, eduze kwendoda noma iqembu labesilisa elibaholayo.
Esinye isici sezinkawu ukuthi ezinsikazi zivame ukuhlala eqenjini lazo lokuzalwa kukho konke ukuphila kwazo. Njengoba sesishilo, la maqembu ezinkawu ahlelwa ngokohlelo emphakathini futhi ngaleyo ndlela, umuntu ngamunye unesikhundla esithile, aphinde ahlanganyele emikhubeni efana nokuhloniphana, esebenzisa umsebenzi njengesixhumanisi esiqiniswa phakathi kwabo.
Ukuphila Kwenkawu
Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila yenkawu ngokwezinhlobo okukhulunywa ngazo. Izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke ziphila iminyaka engaba ngu-10, kanti endabeni yezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu, zingafinyelela eminyakeni engama-50 ubudala.
ukudla inkawu
Imikhuba yokudla yezinkawu ihlukahlukene kakhulu, singasho ngisho nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-omnivorous, ngoba inekhono lokudla kokubili izitshalo nezinye izilwane, kodwa kungashiwo ukuthi bakhetha imbewu, amagxolo, izithelo , izinambuzane. nezinye izinhlobo ezivamile ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo, eziphezu kwezihlahla.
Akumangalisi futhi ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zizinikela ekuzingeleni ezinye izinhlobo zamagundane nezinye izinyoni ezincane, noma ngisho nokuthi zinokuziphatha okudliwayo ngokuphathelene nezinhlobo ezithile zezinkawu ezincane.
Dlala Inkawu
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, ziyizilwane ezincelisayo, futhi zincike ekuzaleni ngokobulili, kodwa zifinyelela ukuvuthwa ngokobulili lapho zinezinyanga eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili ubudala, ezimweni eziningi, nakuba kuye ngokuthi umjikelezo wabo wokuphila, kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezifinyelela kuwo eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ubudala. . . Ezinye izici zenkawu ukuthi, ngokwezinhlobo zazo, zingaba nesithembu noma zibe nonkosikazi oyedwa kukho konke ukuphila kwazo. Isikhathi sazo sokumitha siphakathi kwezinyanga ezine neziyisishiyagalombili, ekugcineni lapho ngokuvamile ziba nengane eyodwa noma ezimbili.
I-Monkey Displacement
Izinkawu zineziphetho ezivumelaniswe neziqongo zezihlahla, ukuze izinyawo nezandla zazo ziqine ngokulinganayo, okungukuthi, zisebenza ukuze zibambe ngokuqinile amagatsha.
Ngakho-ke, bangakwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu nangokushelela. Ezindaweni eziyisicaba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhamba kwazo kunzima njengoba bengenazo izinyawo eziyisicaba (njengabantu) ukuze zisebenze njengezisekelo.
Ukuhlukahluka Kwenkawu
Isigaba sezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo kakhulu, esiye sahlukaniswa saba yizinhlobo ezingaba ngu-270 ezaziwayo nezibhalisiwe, ezingu-135 ezwenikazi elidala kanye ne-135 kwentsha, nakuba kungavinjelwe ukuthi kungase kube nokunye futhi esinye sezici ze Inkawu inezici ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zinhlobo zisukela ezinkawini ezincane nezisheshayo njenge-marmoset yaseMelika, kuya ezinhlotsheni ezinde kakhulu nezinamaphiko njenge-spider monkey noma imfene edumile.
Umehluko ngokwezinwele, izici zomzimba, izilinganiso nezinye izici zinkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuhlonza izinhlobo zezilwane ezizalelwa endaweni, futhi ngokuvamile ziba umfanekiso wezilwane nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni ezahlukene ezihlala kuzo, ngoba zinobungane kakhulu futhi zinengozi encane kumuntu.
Isimo Sokongiwa Kwezinkawu
Ngeshwa, siyaphinda futhi sithola uhlobo lwesilwane esisengozini noma esengozini yokushabalala, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa indawo yaso ngenxa yokugawulwa nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ezihlala kuwo.
Kuwusongo olukhulu futhi ukuthi bazingelwa njengezindebe noma baqothulwe abalimi abababheka njengosongo ezitshalweni zabo. Ezinhlotsheni ezaziwayo, ezingama-25 zibhekwa njengezisengozini enkulu, ikakhulukazi eMadagascar (izinhlobo eziyisi-6), iVietnam (izinhlobo ezi-5), nase-Indonesia (izinhlobo ezi-3).
Sithemba ukuthi sikwazile ukukuchazela izici eziyinhloko zeNkawu nokuthi ukujabulele ukufunda lesi sihloko.
Sincoma lezi ezinye izindatshana ezithakazelisayo:
- Izilwane zasolwandle
- Izilwane zasemhlabeni
- Izilwane zasepulazini