Ulwazi oluncane oluvela kubantu bakithi bomdabu lusinika ithuba lokwazi, ngalesi sihloko esithakazelisayo nesifushane, okwengeziwe mayelana I-Mapuche Social Organization nokunye okuningi. Ungayeki ukuyifunda! Ngokuqinisekile kuzobonakala kubalulekile kuwe, lonke ulwazi.
Inhlangano yomphakathi of the I-Mapuche: Isisekelo salo, ukushayela kanye nokudlula
Inhlangano yezenhlalakahle yamaMapuches yakhiwe ngobudlelwano obuvumelanayo nemvelo, inhlangano yezenhlalakahle yamaMapuche yangaphambi kweSpanishi yayihluke kakhulu, ngoba yazivumela ukuba ithuthukiswe isebenzisa izinsiza eziningi ezinikezwa imvelo, ngokuhlonipha i-admapu.
Yayiyini i-admapu
KumaMapuches, i-admapu yayiyimithetho yokuziphatha, yenkolo nengokomoya elawula umphakathi wama-Araucanian, ngendlela efanayo, njengesipho esinikezwe unkulunkulu uNgenechén kumadlozi, icacisa ubunikazi obusekelwe ekusebenzelaneni okunenhlonipho okungapheli nemvelo.
Njengoba singabona, inhlangano yezenhlalakahle yamaMapuche kanye nelungelo lomndeni lokubambisana ekuzingeleni, ukuqoqa kanye nemisebenzi yezolimo kancane kancane futhi yasungula indawo yokulawula ye-lonco.
Uma kungelula ukwazi ukuthi umphakathi wamaMapuche wenhlalonhle wamiswa kanjani ngaphambi kokufika kokunqotshwa, ngenxa yokuntuleka kolwazi lwangaphambilini, abaseSpain babengaqondi ukuthi umphakathi owakhiwe ongenabuzwe wabanikeza kanjani impi, waze wabanqoba.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, babebhekwa njengabangaphandle kwayo yonke impucuko, kodwa izazi-mlando ziye zathola ukuthi isakhiwo salo mphakathi sasisekelwe emaqenjini omndeni anezibopho zokuzalana kwe-patrilineal, okuthiwa ama-lofs.
Ngale ndlela, emasikweni amaMapuche, i-lof ngayinye yayiphethe i-lonko noma i-cacique, ngenhla i-quiñelen, okwathi nayo yayala ama-lof amaningana, futhi ngenhla kwakungu lebobo, owaxazulula zonke izindaba ezihlobene nempi. kumbe ukuthula.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esigabeni esifanayo nesempisi kwakuyi-ayllarehue, eyayakhiwe umndeni noma imindeni yabathumbi, eyayibusa isifundazwe, nakuba ngayinye yagcina ukuzimela kwayo; Ezingeni eliphezulu kwakuyi-butalmapu, eyakhiwe ama-aillarehues amaningana.
Olunye lwezinguquko ezazama ukulethwa ukunqotshwa enhlanganweni yezenhlalakahle yaseMapuche kwakuwukuqiniswa kwesibalo selonko, esahlala kwaze kwaba ngu-1881, ngokusungulwa kohlelo lwe-protectorate lokunikezela umhlaba emiphakathini, ehlonzwe ngegama lika- ngamunye lonco,
Kodwa-ke, akuzange kusebenze ekuhlanganisweni kwamaMapuche nomphakathi waseChile, naphezu kwalokhu, emaqenjini endabuko amaMapuche namuhla kukhona abaholi ababili abayisisekelo:
I-machi, ephethe ukwelapha umphefumulo noma umzimba wabantu, ibonwa yizinto zayo ezifana ne-trapelakucha noma i-trarilonko, ne-lonco, ethatha umsebenzi onezincazelo zokuphatha noma zenkolo.
Ngale ndlela, le nhlangano encane yezenhlalakahle yaseMapuche isebenza namuhla ukuhlanganisa izizukulwane eziye zathuthela ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Inkolo yamaMapuche
Inkolo yalolu hlanga izinkolelo nezinqubo zenkolo zomdabu zesiko lamaMapuche, abantu bomdabu abahlala eChile nase-Argentina.
Okuvamile
Lapho kuchazwa izinkolelo zamaMapuche, kufanele kuphawulwe ngaphambili ukuthi awekho amarekhodi alotshiwe ezinganekwane zasendulo nezinganekwane ngaphambi kokufika kwamaSpanishi, njengoba izinkolelo zabo ezingokwenkolo zazidluliselwa ngomlomo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkolelo zabo zibonakala ngokuthi azihlanganisi izinto ezifanayo ngokuphelele, ezethula ukuhlukahluka kanye nokwehlukana phakathi kokuchema okuhlukene, kanye naphakathi kwamaqembu emiphakathi ehlukene kanye nemindeni eyakha iqembu ngalinye, nokuthi zisakazwa kuyo yonke indawo lapho umuntu ngamunye etholakala khona. oyedwa uhlala.
Ngokufanayo, kumelwe kuqashelwe ukuthi eziningi zezinkolelo zabo ziye zahlanganiswa nezinganekwane nezinganekwane zomlando waseChile futhi, ngokwezinga eliphansi, nasezinganekwaneni zezifunda ezithile zase-Argentina, eziningi zazo eziye zalungiselelwa.
Ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane, kokubili njengomphumela wobuKristu (ngenxa yengxenye enkulu yokushumayela ivangeli ngeSpanishi), ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuvumelana, ngenxa yokuhunyushwa ngokungeyikho, noma ukuguqulwa kwenganekwane emphakathini walaba ababili. amazwe..
Kuphinde kwabangela ukuhlukahluka nokwehluka kweziningi zalezi zinkolelo eziye zahlanganiswa nesiko laseChile nelase-Argentina ngisho nakulo kanye uhlobo lwesiko labo.
Ngokunjalo, ngaphezu kokulinganisa kanye nezixhumanisi ezikhona phakathi kokubonakaliswa kwezenkolo kanye nenganekwane yaseNingizimu Melika ezivamile kubo bonke abantu base-Amerindian baleli zwekazi.
Izinkolelo zenkolo nezinganekwane zamaMapuche zihlukaniswa ngokwethula izici eziyingqayizivele ezihlobene ngokuqondile namaMapuche nezici zawo, amasiko awo, ukuphila kwawo komphakathi futhi, ikakhulukazi, umbono wawo wendawo yonke kanye namasiko awo enkolo.
Umcabango ongokomoya womdabu kanye naseNtshonalanga
Isikhathi somjikelezo siyiphethini yokucabanga yabantu abaningi boMdabu baseMelika, abakhona kusiko lwabantu abangamaMapuche, okuyindlela ehlukile yephethini yomcabango eklanywe i-European rationalism kanye ne-positivism, eyagxilisa kuyo iphethini yengqondo ekhona. Izwe laseNtshonalanga iminyaka engama-400.
Isikhathi somugqa esihambisana nenguquko yefilosofi yamaJuda esekwe kuZoroastrianism yethulwa ngokungafani nethiyori yesikhathi somjikelezo. Indlela yakhe yokuqonda isikhathi yayibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwaseNtshonalanga nalokho esikuzwa njengesimanjemanje.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kusukela emazweni omdabu, kugcizelelwa ukuthi "iNtshonalanga ikuphikile ngokuphelele ukuba khona kwefilosofi yomdabu, iyibeke esigabeni sombono wezwe olula, inganekwane noma umcabango oyinganekwane."
Ukusebenzisana komcabango oqondile kanye nomjikelezo kuzuzwe ngokusebenzisa i-syncretism, kodwa lokhu kusebenzisana kuzothinta umnyombo wezinkolelo zamaMapuche, njengoba kushintsha umnyombo wombono wabo wendawo yonke ngokubeka umbono oqondile.