I-Las Izizwe eziyi-12 zakwa-Israyeli Zibaluleke ngokukhethekile lapho sitadisha imibhalo engcwele neziprofetho ezitholakala kuyo. Ngokwalo mbhalo ongcwele, inzalamizi “u-Israyeli” yayinamadodana angu-12 futhi ngayinye yawo ngokulandelana yayiyinhloko yesizwe phakathi kwesizwe sakwa-Israyeli wasendulo.
Imvelaphi yezizwe eziyi-12 zakwa-Israyeli
Imvelaphi yalezi zizwe ichazwe eBhayibhelini futhi ngokusho kwalo, uJakobe (u-Israyeli) indodana ka-Isaka, naye owayeyindodana ka-Abrahama, wayenamadodana ayishumi nambili, wonke aqashelwa ngemvelaphi yawo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uJoshuwa wabela izwe laseKhanani noma izwe lesithembiso phakathi kwabo ngamunye ngemva kokubuya eGibhithe.
Uma ujabulele umlando, ngokuqinisekile uzothola ezithakazelisayo lesi sihloko mayelana izinganekwane ze-norse.
Abantwana bakwa-Israyeli, igama elatholwa yibo bonke abo nzalo kaJakobe. Akuzange kwenzeke, ngisho nanamuhla, ukwembula ngokuningiliziwe umlando kaIsrayeli wasendulo. Nakuba okutholakele nophenyo kubeka ama-Israyeli eKhanani cishe ngonyaka we-1220 BC
Umbuso obumbene wakwaJuda no-Israyeli yindlela abantu abayinzalo kaJakobe aziwa ngayo. Bahlala beqinile "ezweni lesithembiso" phakathi kwe-XV - VI emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambi kukaKristu.
Njengomphumela wokudingiselwa eBhabhiloni ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC, kwamiswa amaqembu amabili amakhulu nezinye izizwe ezazisele, amaJuda ayehlala eJudiya naseGalile kanye namaSamariya eSamariya.
Amadodana kaJakobe ayi-12
Umlando ozungeze u-Israyeli wasendulo kanye namadodana angu-12 kaJakobe kunzima kakhulu ukuwufunda ngokunemba okudingekile kwesayensi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ingxenye yolwazi nolwazi esinalo igcina isixhumanisi esijulile nenkolelo engokwenkolo yalabo abasasakaza lezi zimfundiso namuhla.
NgokweBhayibheli, amadodana kaJakobe ayishumi nanye azalelwa kuLabani ngaphandle kukaBhenjamini owazalwa endleleni esuka eBethele eya e-Efrati. Izingane zabo eziyishumi nambili kamuva zaziwa ngokuthi Shivtei Kah ngoba babengaboyise bezizwe ezilitshumi lambili zakoIsrayeli. Ungase ukuthole kuthakazelisa ukufunda lesi sihloko mayelana i-hercules inganekwane
Kunohlobo lokuvumelana ngokwesayensi ngokuphathelene nocwaningo lomlando wakwa-Israyeli, obeka amadodana kaJakobe ayishumi nambili kanye nokumiswa kwawo endaweni yaseKhanani, cishe ngekhulu le-12 BC Ngalesi sikhathi kwamiswa futhi kwathuthukiswa izizwe eziyi-XNUMX zakwa-Israyeli .
Amadodana kaJakobe ayishumi nambili:
- Ruben
- USimeyoni.
- ULevi.
- Juda.
- Zabuloni.
- Kwa-Isakare.
- UDan.
- UGadi.
- Uku.
- Nafetali.
- UJoseph.
- Benjamin.
URubén, indodana endala, naye kukholakala ukuthi waphila isikhathi eside kunabo bonke, nakuba indaba yakhe isengokwenkolo kakhulu.
Izizwe eziyi-12 zakwa-Israyeli
Lapho esezokufa, uJakobe wadlulisela kubazukulu bakhe, u-Efrayimi noManase (amadodana kaJosefa) “izibusiso zobuzibulo” ngaleyondlela ebenza baba abaholi ababili phakathi kwezizwe ezingu-12 zakwa-Israyeli.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uLevi wazinikela emsebenzini wobupristi, yingakho engazange athole noma iyiphi indawo ngesikhathi esabiwa futhi umfowabo uJosé wayemelwe amadodana akhe amabili. Zakhiwa kanje izizwe zakwa-Israyeli eziyi-12, amadodana kaJakobe ayi-10 nabazukulu ababili.
U-Israyeli wanikeza inzalo yakhe izibusiso neziprofetho okwakumelwe ziqondise ukuphila kwayo nomsebenzi wayo, ngaphezu kokuqondisa izizwe ezingu-12 zakwa-Israyeli. Uma ufuna ukwazi ngenye impucuko ungafunda inganekwane yommbila
Isizwe sakwaRubeni
URubeni wayeyizibulo likaJakobe nomkakhe uLeya, kukholakala ukuthi wayengowokugcina ukufa. Wayenamadodana amane, aba yizinhloko zemindeni yakwaRubeni.
Ngokwesiko, lesi sizwe sasibonakala ngokuba ngesinye seziningi kakhulu futhi esinamandla amakhulu ezempi, nakuba ngokuhamba kweminyaka lokhu kwehlile. Ngakho-ke, ilungelo lobuzibulo ladlulela ezandleni zikaJosefa ngokuba izibulo likaJakobe nomkakhe wesibili futhi ephendukela emadodaneni akhe u-Efrayimi noManase ngesifiso sika-Israyeli uqobo.
Lagqama ngokuba yisizwe semfuyo kanye nesikaGadi. Ngenxa yalokho bacela oMose, no-Eleyazare, nezinye izikhulu zakwa-Israyeli, ukuba babanikeze iDiboni, ne-Atharoti, neHashiboni, neNimra, neJazeri, ne-Elalé, neShebami, neNebo, neBehoni, ngokuba zazingafuyile izinkomo;
Lesi sizwe sabonakala ngerubi, uphawu lwaso kwakuyimandrake futhi ibhanela laso lalibomvu.
Ngokusobala abakwaRubeni, ngemva kokuxoshwa emazweni abo, bazinza endaweni okwakungeyama-Agarene, ngakho kwakungenzeka ukuba balondoloze ubunjalo babo isikhathi eside, ngaphambi kokuba ekugcineni bathunjwe.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: Bekuzoba yisizwe esinesithunzi namandla amakhulu, nakuba ngenxa yesimo saso esinamawala salahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwaso, sagcina sehlisiwe.
Isizwe sakwaSimeyoni
Igama lakhe lisho ukuthi lalela, wayeyindodana yesibili kaJakobe noLeya futhi enabantwana abayisi-6, abahlanu kubo bakha imindeni yezizwe. Isizwe sakhe sifakwa ngombala oluhlaza futhi sasifanekiselwa inkemba.
Ngenxa yomfutho nobudlova bukaSimeyoni, isizwe sakhe sahlukana futhi sahlakazeka kulo lonke elakwa-Israyeli.
Amalungu alesi sizwe ahlala izikhathi ezithile embusweni wakwaJuda, lapho ayephethe futhi ebusa imizi eyishumi nantathu nemizana, ngaphandle kwaleyo ndawo ayebusa emadolobheni ase-Ayini, eRimoni, e-Etere nase-Ashani, kuhlanganise nemizana eyayifinyelela kude. I-Baalat-bhiya.
Lapho kuliwa amaKhanani, isizwe sakwaSimeyoni nesakwaJuda salwa ndawonye. Kamuva babeyohlanganiswa emabuthweni kaDavide. Kwakuyisixuku sabantu esasibonakala ngokuba ngamaqhawe namaqhawe.
Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe, kungenzeka ukuthi lesi sizwe sahlala sihlakazekile phakathi kwezifunda eziningana sifuna amadlelo afanelekile. Amalungu asele esizwe athunjwa abaseBabiloni, futhi kancane kancane alahlekelwa ubuzwe bawo.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: ukusetshenziswa kwenkemba njengethuluzi lobudlova ( Genesise 49:5 ).
Isizwe sakwaLevi
Incazelo yegama labo ithi "ndawonye". Libandakanywa netabernakele. Lesi sizwe sasingenawo umhlaba, nokho, sasiphathiswe umsebenzi ongcwele wobupristi. Yonke inzalo yakhe yayinikezelwe enkonzweni kaJehova. AmaLevi athola ilungelo lokuthola izipho kubantu ngokuzinikela kwawo ngokwenkolo.
Ngenxa yokuzinikela kwabo enkonzweni yendlu engcwele, bahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, abapristi ababengabalamuleli phambi kukaNkulunkulu, babephethe imihlatshelo neminye imisebenzi yethempeli.
Amanye amalungu esizwe ayeqhuba imisebenzi yokuhambela izindawo ezingcwele, evikela itabernakele futhi esekela abapristi emisebenzini yawo.
Ngesikhathi sikaDavide, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwamandla esonto kwakudingeka futhi ekugcineni isizwe samaLevi sahlukaniswa saba yizigaba ezilandelayo:
- Abasizi babapristi.
- Abaculi nabaculi.
- Omnyango kanye nezikhulu.
- Abahluleli nababhali.
Ngale ndlela, iqembu ngalinye lalazi futhi laliyichazile imisebenzi yalo nezibopho zalo phakathi kwesizwe nesizwe. Nakuba sasingenalo izwe laso, lesi sizwe sasingasentshonalanga ebalazweni lika-Israyeli.
Lesi sizwe, esingenazo izindawo noma ifa, asizange sibe umphumela wokuhlaselwa. Nokho, ngokubhujiswa kwethempeli eJerusalema balahlekelwa wonke amalungelo abo nemithwalo yemfanelo. Imisebenzi yakhe yayilinganiselwe ekufundeni iTorah.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: ukuzibophezela kwengcwele emelelwa etabernakele nomsebenzi walo wobupristi. UMose no-Aroni babeyinzalo yalesi sizwe.
isizwe sakwaJuda
Igama lakhe lisho "indumiso" kanti uphawu olummele yibhubesi. Ngaphakathi kwemephu yakwa-Israel yayitholakala ngasempumalanga. Lesi sizwe sathatha izintambo uma sesizinze eKhanani, saqhudelana nesakwa-Efrayimi esasinamandla amakhulu futhi esasizimisele ngokuwasebenzisa.
Isizwe sathola isibusiso sikaMose, ngemva kokufa kukaSolomoni futhi ngenxa yezingxabano zangaphakathi, ekugcineni samiswa njengombuso wakwaJuda kanye nendawo yesizwe sakwaBenjamini, inhloko-dolobha yaso kwakuyiJerusalema.
Kwakuyidolobha elinabantu abaningi namandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayinendawo engcono kune-Israel, eyayingase ibe khona iminyaka engu-135 kwaze kwaba yilapho ithunjelwa eBhabhiloni.
Isizwe sakwaJuda sisebenzisa umfanekiso weNgonyama njengegama elifanayo lamandla nokudumisa kuNkulunkulu, kanye nokufaka ukwesaba ezitheni zaso ngesikhathi sempi.
Ngonyaka ka-538 BC, uKoresi II wanika abantu bakwaJuda imvume yokubuyela ezweni labo. Kamuva, bakwazi ukwakha kabusha iThempeli laseJerusalema futhi kusukela lapho baba yingxenye yomlando wobuJuda futhi ngenxa yalokho bamaJuda.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: inhlonipho, ukuzithoba nokudumisa esizweni sakwaJuda, ngabafowabo nezitha.
Isizwe sakwaZebhulon
Inzalo kaZebuloni yadlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni nasekuvikeleni amazwe ayenqotshiwe eKhanani, ihlinzeka cishe ngezinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu nesikhombisa namakhulu amane abalungele ukulwa.
Lesi sizwe sadingiswa ngemva kokuba abase-Asiriya bedla izindawo ababezinze kuzo, okwabangela ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yomlando waso ibhujiswe futhi ilahleke. Insimu yakhe yayiseningizimu impela yeGalile.
Uphawu olubonisa lesi sizwe umkhumbi noma itheku futhi benza umsebenzi oqondiswe kumakhono empi nokulwa.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: isici sawo esiyinhloko sigxile emachwebeni, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhumbi nokuvikelwa kwabantu bayo.
Isizwe sakwa-Isakare
Lesi sizwe safeza imisebenzi eyayisiqokomisa njengabafundisi benkolo. Banikela isikhathi esiningi namandla abo ekutadisheni nasekufundiseni iTorah. Babenobuhlobo obuzuzisa bobabili nabafowabo bakwaZebuloni, abathengisi abavelele abathola kubo ukusekelwa ngokwezimali ukuze bathole imfundo engokomoya.
Indawo yalo yanqotshwa ngokulinganayo futhi yacekelwa phansi abase-Asiriya njengoba kwenzeka ngengxenye enkulu yezizwe zakwa-Israyeli. Isifunda sabo sanwetshwa uMfula iJordani futhi babenethafa elivundile elibanzi.
Ngaphakathi kwamazwe akhona kukhona nezindawo nezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokomlando emlandweni wabantu bakwa-Israyeli, njengalezi: iKarmeli, iMegido, iJizreyeli, iNazaretha neThabori.
Uphawu lwamalungu alesi sizwe kwakuyilanga, inyanga kanye nembongolo. Bahlala empumalanga yemephu yakwa-Israyeli.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: ukuhlaliswa, ukuphumula kanye nomkhiqizo wezwe, lezi kwakungezinye zezibusiso abazithola.
isizwe sakwaDan
Babusiswa ngokuqondile uMose noJakobe. Nakuba ngesikhathi sokwabiwa komhlaba bathola ingxenye encane, yayivunde kakhulu futhi ikhiqiza. Lokhu kwabangela izinkinga ngenxa yemizamo eqhubekayo yokuhlasela yama-Amori namaFilisti.
Ekugcineni, kwadingeka bayishiye lendawo baye enyakatho yePalestina, edolobheni laseLayishi abaliqamba kabusha ngegama likaDani.
Ngezikhathi zobunzima kubantu bakwa-Israyeli, isizwe sakwaDani sasiyingxenye yombuso wakwa-Israyeli ngemva kokufa kuka-Is-Bosheti, okwenza uDavide, inkosi yakwaJuda, iNkosi entsha ye-United Kingdom yakwa-Israyeli.
Kule minyaka bekunokuningi ukungazinzi phakathi kwezizwe ezehlukene, ukuhlanganisa imifelandawonye nokuwephula. Lezi zingxabano zangaphakathi kukholakala ukuthi zavuna ukunqotshwa kwama-Asiriya umbuso wakwa-Israyeli nokudingiswa kwawo.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: wanikwa ukuhlakanipha ukuze ahlulele futhi azi ukuthi kufanele ahole nini abantu bakhe ngamandla.
Isizwe sakwaGadi
Ngemva kokuphuma eGibhithe, bahlala empumalanga yoMfula iJordani. Phakathi kobudlelwane bezizwe kwakungekho hulumeni omkhulu, ngakho ngamunye wayekhululekile ukuzinqumela ikusasa lakhe.
Kwaze kwaba sezikhathini ezinzima lapho amajaji angenelela ukuze alethe ukuthula futhi abantu bathule.
Lapho ubukhosi obuphakathi bumiswa embusweni wakwa-Israyeli, ukuze kuvikelwe indawo ekusongelweni kwamaFilisti, isizwe sakwaGadi sahlala sithembekile kwaze kwaba sekufeni kuka-Is-Bosheti, lapho enquma ukujoyina umbuso wakwaJuda.
Ngemva kokuhlasela kwe-Asiriya ngo-723 BC, abakwa-Amoni babusa amazwe asendulo akwaGadi futhi kusukela lapho lesi sizwe saba ngesinye sezizwe Eziyishumi Ezilahlekile Zakwa-Israyeli.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: wanikezwa isibusiso sokumelana nokuhlasela ekugcineni. Ngaphezu komfutho kanye nesimo sebhubesi.
isizwe sika-asher
Inzalo ka-Asheri yaziwa ngokuthi "abakhethiweyo" nangokuthi "abanamandla." Wayeyindodana kaJakobe kanye noZilipa inceku kaLeya. Wazala amadodana amane nendodakazi eyodwa. Ekwabiweni kwamazwe, wathola indawo engasogwini kusukela enyakatho yeNtaba iKarmeli kuya eSidoni, kwakuyisifunda esivunde kakhulu, ikakhulukazi sokutshalwa kwezihlahla zomnqumo.
Banqoba ingxenye futhi bathatha indawo, abazange bakwazi ukuxosha ngokuphelele amadolobha aseKhanani namaFenike e-Aco, eTire naseSidoni. Bakwazi ukuzinza futhi baphumelela ngenxa yezibusiso abazithola ezweni.
Ngenxa yenzuzo enkulu ababeyithola kulesi sivuno, bahlonzwa ngesinkwa, ukolweni noma isihlahla.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: ukuchuma nengcebo abayithola igqama phakathi kwezici zabo.
Isizwe sakwaNafetali
Wayeyindodana yesithupha kaJakobe, wamzala noBiliha inceku kaRaheli. UNefalí wayenamadodana amane ayezoqhubeka enzalo yakhe nokwandiswa kwesizwe. Lesi sizwe uJoshuwa wasinikeza ingxenye esempumalanga yeGalile.
Idolobha lakhona elikhulu kwakuyiHazori lapho amandla ezombusazwe nezomnotho esizwe ayephakathi nendawo. Ngokuvamile, wonke amazwe aseKhanani ayenamandla avundile, nokho, lapho uNafetali ahlala khona kwakubhekwa njengepharadesi lasemhlabeni.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: izibusiso zabo zihlobene ngokunembile nobuhle bendawo yabo kanye nenzuzo abangayithola ezinsizeni.
Isizwe sakwaBenjamini
indodana yokugcina kaJakobe futhi wamthola noRaheli. Kubo bonke abafowabo kwakunguye yedwa owayezalelwe ezweni laseKhanani, ukuzalwa kwakhe kwaletha izinkinga kunina futhi wayengakwazi ukuphila.
Njengoba ayenguthunjana kubazalwane, waziswa kakhulu futhi wathandwa uyise nomfowabo uJosé. Igama lakhe lisho indodana eyintandokazi. Isizwe sakwaBenjamini sihlotshaniswa netshe lejaspi futhi imibala eyishumi nambili imelelwe kubhanela laso. Uphawu lwakhe impisi, umkhiqizo wesibusiso uyise amnika sona esokhukhweni lokufa.
Imizi emikhulu eyayisezindaweni ezabelwe uBhenjamini yayiyile: iJeriko, iBethele, iGibeyoni, iGibeya neJerusalema.
Ngalinye liqokomisa ukuthi umuzi waseJerusalema, ngenxa yokuba seduze kwawo nakwaJuda, wawungowokuqala ukuwuhlasela. Nokho, uJuda noBhenjamini abakwazanga ukuxosha amaJebusi kule ndawo.
Kuphela ngesikhathi seNkosi uDavide, kwakungenzeka ukubusa ngokuphelele umuzi waseJerusalema futhi ulenze inhloko-dolobha yakwa-Israyeli.
Inzalo yalesi sizwe yayaziwa ngezimfanelo zayo zokulwa. Ngisho nalapho esemncane kunabo bonke, uSawule inkosi yokuqala yakwa-Israyeli waphuma esibelethweni sakhe.
Lapho ukuthunjwa sekuphelile, izizwe eziningi, kuhlanganise nelakwaBenjamini, zase zinyamalele ukuze zihlangane nelakwa-Israyeli.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: uyise uJakobe wambusisa ngomoya wempisi, yena nenzalo yakhe bazokwazi ukuvikela nokunqoba amazwe.
isizwe sikaJosefa
Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, uJosefa wayengenaso isizwe noma isiqephu sezwe okungesakhe. Lokho akuthola njengembuyiselo kwakuyisabelo esiphindwe kabili sefa elalingelakhe kodwa okwamadodana akhe, u-Efrayimi noManase.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu abaqambi abaningi bahlukanisa isizwe sikaJosefa saba kabili, eka-Efrayimi nesikaManase.
UJosé wagqama ngokuba indoda ezolile eyenza izinqumo ezinhle, enekhono lokuzivumelanisa nazo zonke izinhlobo zezimo futhi ekholelwa ukuthi ubuntu bukaNkulunkulu buhambisana naye.
Uphawu olukhomba uJosefa igatsha elithelayo eduze nomthombo, njengophawu lokuhlakanipha nokuchuma.
Isizwe sakwaManase
UManase wayengumzukulu kaJakobe futhi wathola isibusiso sakhe sokuhola futhi akhe, njengomfowabo, esinye sezizwe zikaNkulunkulu. Lapho beya eGibhithe kwakungezinye ezincane kakhulu.
Lapho bebuyela “ezweni lesithembiso” bahlala entshonalanga yoMfula iJordani nakuba babenemizana esempumalanga. Babaziwa ngokwendawo yezindawo zabo ngokuthi uManase waseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga.
Wayengumsekeli oyinhloko wesizwe sakwa-Efrayimi phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanganisa “u-Israyeli ohlakazekile.”
Izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko ibhubesi, i-unicorn kanye nehhashi. Ngaphakathi kwebalazwe lakwa-Israel zazitholakala ngasentshonalanga.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: UJakobe wabusisa isizwe sakwaManase nayo yonke inzalo yakhe isibusiso sobukhulu, nakuba engase angabi mkhulu kunesika-Efrayimi.
Isizwe sakwa-Efrayimi
Ku-Efrayimi noManase kuba nesibusiso njengezibulo lokutholwa uJakobe. Yize lesi sizwe sagqama ngaphezu kwesikamfowabo omdala.
Indawo eyabelwa isizwe sakwa-Efrayimi yayilingana nesifunda saseKhanani. Kusukela lapho, kulele okuningi kokubaluleka kwayo kanye nokuhlobana kwayo nenhlangano nokuhlanganiswa kombuso wakwa-Israyeli.
Babephethe ukudlulisa umlayezo weVangeli, ngobupristi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzalo ka-Efrayimi yaphathiswa umthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlanganisa abantu bakwa-Israyeli ababehlakazekile.
Izibusiso, izici kanye nezibopho: Umthwalo wakhe wemfanelo oyinhloko wawuwukuhlanganisa kabusha izizwe zakwa-Israyeli ngaphansi kombuso ofanayo. Isibusiso uJakobe abanikeza sona sasiyoba ukwakha isizwe esikhulu esikwazi ukwakha uquqaba lwezizwe.
Ukuvela nokuwa kwezizwe eziyi-12 zakwa-Israyeli
Ngokufika kwezizwe “Ezweni Lesethembiso” kwadalwa isizwe esagcina sesinegama lika-Israyeli, siholwa ngaphansi kukaDavide noSolomoni. Ngemva kokufa kukaSolomoni, kwaqubuka impi yombango eyagcina ibahlukanisa phakathi.
Izizwe eziyishumi ezazisenyakatho zakha umbuso wakwaIsrayeli, kuyilapho zonke ezinye, uJuda, uBenjamini, noLevi, zakha uJuda. Kusukela lapho, yomibili le mibuso iye yabhekana nezimpi eziningana futhi ayizange iphinde ihlangane.
Ngonyaka wama-722 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu umbuso wakwaIsrayeli wathunjwa, eminyakeni eyalandela uJuda wabhekana nesiphetho esifanayo ezandleni zabaseBabiloni phakathi kuka-604 no-586 ngaphambi kokuzalwa kukaKristu. Ngokwezinkolelo, kwakuyisijeziso sezono zabo nokuhlubuka kuNkulunkulu.
Uma uzifela ngezihloko zezenkolo nezomlando, ngokuqinisekile uzosithola lesi sihloko Izinganekwane zamaGrikhi.
I-Diaspora Yezizwe Eziyi-12 Zakwa-Israyeli
Ngemva kokuthunjelwa eBhabhiloni, izizwe eziyishumi kweziyishumi nambili zanyamalala. Khumbula ukuthi kwakuyoba cishe akunakwenzeka ukuxosha zonke izakhamuzi ezakha u-Israyeli.
Ithiyori ethola amandla engeziwe eyokuthi abaholi nemindeni yabo bathunjwa, ngaleyo ndlela bashiya amanye amalungu ezizwe engenasiqondiso futhi engenawo ukuvikelwa. Ngale ndlela babezolahlekelwa ubuyena, amasiko namasiko ngokuzihlanganisa namadolobha azungezile. Mhlawumbe ufuna ukwazi umthandazo kuSaint Lucia.
Izizwe eziyishumi zakwa-Israyeli ezalahleka
Labo ababeseqenjini lezizwe ezingu-12 zakwa-Israyeli babhekwa ngaleli gama. Kucatshangwa ukuthi baxoshwa ngenxa yokuhlasela kombuso wamaNeo-Asiriya cishe ngonyaka wama-722 BC.
Njengamanje kuyenzeka ukwazi amaqembu athile athathwa njengenzalo yawo. Inkolelo engokwenkolo yokuthi ngelinye ilanga bayobuya bayogcwalisa isiphetho sabo nayo iyalondolozwa.
Amaqembu ezizwe athi aphuma ezizweni ezingu-12 zakwa-Israyeli
Mhlawumbe ngenxa yokufuna ukuqashelwa ngokomlando, noma ezindaweni ababenazo, njengamanje kunamaqembu athile athi ayinzalo yesinye salezi “zizwe ezilahlekile”. Lawa maqembu yilawa:
- I-Bene-Israel: atholakala esifundeni manje esaziwa ngokuthi iPakistan.
- UBnei Menashe: bamele izizwe ezithile eziseMizoram naseManipur, eNdiya. Bazibiza ngokuthi bangama-Israyeli alahlekile.
- I-Beta Israel yase-Ethiopia: BangamaJuda angamaTopiya. Bazibheka njengenzalo yesizwe sakwaDani, inkolelo ephikisana nesiko lezwe labo.
- AmaJuda angama-Igbo: Njengoba ziseNigeria, zithi ziyinzalo yezizwe zakwaEfrayimi, zakwaNafetali, zakwaManase, zikaLevi, zakwaZebuloni, nezakwaGadi. Nakuba bengenabo ubufakazi obungokomlando besimangalo esinjalo.
- UPashtun wase-Afghanistan nasePakistan: AmaSulumane abomdabu kulezi zifunda agcina amakhodi enkolo angaphambi kwe-Islamic. Azinabo ubufakazi obungokomlando, futhi izifundo zofuzo zenqaba noma yibuphi ubuhlobo Nezizwe Ezilahlekile.
Kuneminye imibono efuna ubudlelwano phakathi kwezizwe eziyi-12 zakwa-Israyeli namaSkithe/Cimmerians, aboMdabu baseMelika, amaJapan namaLemba aseningizimu ne-Afrika.
Kuze kube manje le mibono ayinabo ubufakazi bomlando noma besayensi obungabonisa noma yikuphi ukuxhumana phakathi kwala maqembu.
Izizwe ezingu-12 zakwa-Israyeli namuhla
Njengoba kwakubikezelwe, izizwe ezingu-12 zakwa-Israyeli zaba izizwe ezinkulu nemibuso. Bakholelwa ukuthi ngokufika kwesivumelwano esisha laba bantu nobunikazi babo balahlekelwe ukusebenza. Nokho, ngokwezinkolelo zabo kusenezinhlelo eziningi ngenzalo yakwa-Israyeli.
Iqiniso liwukuthi ezweni eligcwele imbulunga yonke njengaleli elikhona namuhla, futhi ngenxa yokuhlakazeka kwamaJuda ahlupheka ngakho, kungaqinisekiswa ukuthi abantu bakwa-Israyeli bahlakazekile emhlabeni wonke. Mhlawumbe, ngokwenkolelo engokwenkolo, benethemba lokuhlanganiswa ngaphansi kombuso owodwa, obumbene wakwaIsrayeli.