Ngaphandle kweMercury neVenus, wonke amanye amaplanethi kuSolar System anenani lezindikimba zasezulwini eziqinile, ezaziwa ngokuthi Amasathelayithi emvelo, azungeza amaplanethi, funda kabanzi ngawo kulokhu okuthunyelwe.
Ayini Amasathelayithi Emvelo?
Un isathelayithi yemvelo iyinto ephilayo ezungeza iplanethi, ayithathwa njengeyokwenziwa ngoba ayenziwa abantu, izilwane ezinjalo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yizinyanga, le nkulumo ivame ukusetshenziswa uma kukhulunywa ngamasathelayithi angewona amaplanethi, kwezinye izikhathi amaplanethi amancane noma amaplanethi amancane.
Kunezinyanga ezingu-240 ezaziwayo phakathi kwesimiso sonozungezilanga, eziqukethe ezingu-163 ezizungezayo eduze kwamaplanethi, amaplanethi amancane amane azungezayo, kanye nezinye imizimba emincane yesistimu sonozungezilanga azungezayo.
Inyanga esiyibukayo iyisathelayithi yemvelo, izinyanga eziseduze namanye amaplanethi nazo zingamasathelayithi emvelo, amasathelayithi abantu abawabeka emkhathini abizwa ngokuthi. Amasathelayithi okwenziwa.
Bonke ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi amaplanethi nezinye izinhlangano ezinkulu zasemkhathini ziyafeza Amasathelayithi emvelo ngokuboshwa ngamandla adonsela phansi omzimba omkhulu, lokhu kusho ukuthi izinyanga ezimbalwa zazivame ukuzala emkhathini lapho zisondela kakhulu kuneplanethi.
Amandla adonsela phansi ale planethi akhipha inyanga ekuhambeni kwayo emkhathini futhi ayibangela ukuba ihambe (noma izungeza) izungeza iplanethi.
Inyanga yethu yadalwa ngenxa yethonya elikhulu eMhlabeni, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-asteroid enkulu yaphahlazeka eMhlabeni futhi kwadutshulwa amadwala amaningi nothuli emkhathini, konke lokhu kuhlangene kwakha iNyanga emkhathini, eseduze ngokwanele noMhlaba. ukubanjwa amandla ayo adonsela phansi.
Izimpawu zamasathelayithi emvelo
I-Los Amasathelayithi emvelo zihlukaniswa ngokulandelayo:
amandla olwandle
Ukukhanga amandla adonsela phansi okwenziwa umzimba wasezulwini okwandisa amagagasi komunye umzimba ngaphakathi kwendawo yamandla adonsela phansi, lokhu kuncike ebangeni eliguquguqukayo phakathi kwemizimba.
Ukuphakama
I-altitude iyibanga elima mpo lento ukusuka ezingeni elaziwayo, elithathwa njengereferensi futhi libizwe ngezinga elinguziro, ezikhathini eziningi, kodwa hhayi njalo, leli izinga lolwandle futhi likalwa ngamamitha ngaphezu kwezinga ukusuka olwandle.
Ukuphakama ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle kubizwa ngokuthi ukuphakama okuphelele, futhi kulokhu kungenye yezixhumanisi zomhlaba ezintathu kanye ne-latitude ne-longitude.
izinhlobo zokuzungeza
Amasathelayithi Emvelo ahlukaniswe ngokuya ngokunyakaza kwawo kanye ne-orbit:
Okuvamile
Amasathelayithi avamile yilawo ajika aye ohlangothini olufanayo neplanethi.
okungajwayelekile
Kuyisathelayithi yemvelo ehlala ilandela umzungezo oqhelile noma o-diagonal futhi ngezinye izikhathi ubuyela emuva, ayebanjwe iplanethi engumama wawo, ngokungafani namasathelayithi avamile, adalwe ku-orbit ezungezile.
Amasathelayithi angajwayelekile amaplanethi ahlala ekhonjwa njengenombolo ehlukahlukene yezinto ezincane kakhulu ezihlala emigudwini enokuthambekela okuphezulu kanye nezici ezikhethekile..
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamasathelayithi ohlelweni lwelanga
Amasathelayithi ohlelweni sonozungezilanga ahlukaniswa kanje:
- Amasathelayithi omfundisi: Kwaziwa njengenyanga ezungeza umkhawulo wendandatho yeplanethi, ivikela izinhlayiya zendandatho ngokudonsa amandla adonsela phansi futhi ibophezele indandatho emphethweni obonakala unembe.
- Amasathelayithi eThrojani: Zingama-asteroids athwala umjikelezo oneplanethi, kodwa ashayisana endaweni yokuqala neyokugcina ye-Lagrangian.
- Amasathelayithi e-Co-orbital: Yilawo lapho okungenani imizimba emibili ixhumana ngendlela efanayo yokuzungeza.
- Amasathelayithi e-Asteroid: Iningi lale mfucumfucu yasemkhathini yasendulo ingatholakala izungeza ilanga phakathi kwe-Mars ne-Jupiter ngaphakathi kwebhande eliyinhloko le-asteroid.
Wonke ama-asteroid anosayizi abahlukene, enkulu kunazo zonke ingamakhilomitha angama-530 ububanzi futhi inemizimba engaphansi kwamamitha angu-10 ububanzi, ingqikithi yesisindo sama-asteroid axutshwe kakhulu ingaphansi kweNyanga Yomhlaba..
- Amasathelayithi amasathelayithi: Awekho amaSathelayithi Emvelo awaziwayo azungeza isathelayithi yemvelo yomunye umzimba, akunembile kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi zikhona yini izinto ezikwazi ukuqina esikhathini eside, ezimweni eziningi, imiphumela yolwandle yama-primaries abo ikhuthaza uhlelo olushiwo ukuthi ingazinzi, amandla adonsela phansi ezinye izinto eziseduze angashintsha ukuzungeza kwesathelayithi kuze kube yilapho isuka noma ithinteke kokuyinhloko.
Amasathelayithi emvelo esimisweni sonozungezilanga
Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe, kungabonakala ukuthi kunezinyanga eziyi-171 noma Amasathelayithi emvelo, ezungeza amaplanethi atholakala esimisweni sonozungezilanga, ulwazi olulandelayo lubonisa uhlu lwezinyanga eziyinhloko zamaplanethi:
- Umhlaba: ULuna.
- IMars: I-Deimos ne-Phobos.
- I-Jupiter: Amalthea, Adrasthea, Aitné, Callisto, Europa, Ganymede, Io.
- ISaturn: Dione, Enceladus, Hyperion, Iapetus, Methone, Mimas, Mundilfari, Phoebe, Rhea, Tethys, Titan.
- I-Uranus: Ariel, Caliban, Cordelia, Cressida, Miranda, Oberon, Titania, Umbriel.
- I-Neptune: Galatea, Halimede, Laomedeia, Nereida, Triton.
- I-Pluto: Charon, Hydra, Nyx, Cerberus, Styx.
Phakathi kwamasathelayithi abaluleke kakhulu kukhona:
Luna
INyanga iyodwa isathelayithi yemvelo yoMhlaba, yadalwa eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.600 edlule futhi kuthiwa yadalwa lapho uMhlaba ushayisana nento elingana neplanethi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Theia, iyinyanga yesihlanu ngobukhulu esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga futhi ingeyesibili into ekhanyayo esibhakabhakeni ngemva kwelanga.
Enceladus
I-Enceladus inyanga encane eneqhwa ye-Saturn esebenza ngokuma kwezwe, enesifunda esine-tectoniced esinqenqemeni esiseningizimu esibonakala ngokukhipha okushisayo okudlulele kanye namagiza ezinhlamvu zeqhwa ezinosawoti, umhwamuko wamanzi, nezinhlanganisela eziphilayo.
I-Ganymede
Inyanga kaJupiter, iGanymede, iyisathelayithi enkulu kunawo wonke esimisweni sonozungezilanga, inkulu kakhulu kunesathelayithi. Izisathelayithi zemvelo zeMercury futhi i-Pluto, incane kakhulu kuneplanethi i-Mars futhi ingamane ichazwe njengeplanethi ukube ilanga belizungeza esikhundleni se-Jupiter.
IGanymede inobubanzi obucishe ibe ngu-5,270 km, okuyenza ibe nkulu kuneplanethi iMercury. I-Jupiter ezungezayo ebangeni elingu-1,070,000 km, ukuminyana kwe-Ganymede okuphansi kakhulu okungu-1.93 amagremu ku-cubic cm ngayinye kubonisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo cishe kuyingxenye yeqhwa nengxenye yamanzi ngobuningi.
Ubukhulu Bamasathelayithi Emvelo Kusistimu Yelanga
Amasathelayithi iningi lawo aneplanethi enkulu kunawo wonke ohlelweni sonozungezilanga, iJupiter inamasathelayithi aziwayo ezinkanyezi angama-79, okuhlanganisa nesathelayithi enkulu kunazo zonke esimiso sonozungezilanga okuyiGanymede.
El Iplanethi iSaturn, ingenye yamaplanethi amakhulu kunawo wonke, ineziphuphutheki ezingamashumi ayisithupha nambili, phakathi kwazo i-Titan, enkulu kunazo zonke futhi enkulu kunazo zonke eplanethi sonozungezilanga, bese kuba ne-Uranus, enamasathelayithi angamashumi amabili nesikhombisa, bese kuba iNeptune, eneshumi nane .
Nazi ezimbalwa:
I-Ganymede: Yisathelayithi yeJupiter futhi yaziwa ososayensi njengesathelayithi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni sonozungezilanga, inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-5268, okusho ukuthi ngamaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili ngaphezu kweMercury, okuyiplanethi eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba.
I-Titan: Kuyisathelayithi yeSaturn, iyinombolo yesibili yesathelayithi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lukanozungezilanga, ububanzi be-Titan ngamakhilomitha angu-5152, okungamaphesenti angamashumi amahlanu ngaphezu kwenyanga, i-titanium nayo idlula ubukhulu beplanethi iMercury.
ICallisto: Kuyisathelayithi yeJupiter, ububanzi beCallisto bucishe bube amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nesishiyagalolunye obubanzi beMercury.
bheka: Yisathelayithi ye-Jupiter, futhi, ingumzimba osebenza kakhulu ngokwesayensi ye-geologically ohlelweni sonozungezilanga, njengoba kunezintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amane endaweni yayo, kwezinye izintaba-mlilo, ukubonakaliswa kunamandla kangangokuthi zifinyelela ukuphakama kwe-volcano. 500 km.
IYurophu: Ingokwesathelayithi yeJupiter, ngosayizi ingaphansi kwenyanga, ingaphezulu layo liqukethe iqhwa, eligcwele imifantu, kunombono wokuthi ngaphansi kweqhwa eliwugqinsi kukhona ulwandle lwamanzi, lapho ubukhona beqhwa. impilo encane.
I-Triton: Isathelayithi enkulu kunazo zonke ye-Neptune, isisindo sika-Triton singama-99.5% yenani eliphelele lawo wonke amasathelayithi e-Neptune aziwa njengamanje, usayizi we-Triton nawo mkhulu kunawo wonke amaplanethi amancane kakhulu esimiso sonozungezilanga - uPluto no-Eris.