Hlangana Nezinyoni Ezidume Kakhulu Zakwamanye Amazwe

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zezinyoni zaseTropical emhlabeni, iningi lazo ezihlala ezindaweni zasehlathini noma eduze nolwandle lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama sizinikeza izimo ezikahle zokuthuthuka kwazo. Sikumema ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko ukuze uthole izinyoni eziyinhloko zaseTropical ezivelele ngokuduma, ngenxa yobuhle bazo obumangalisayo nezinye izimfanelo.

IZINYONI ZASE TROPICAL

Uhlolojikelele lwezinyoni zaseTropical

Wonke lawo aqhamuka ikakhulukazi emahlathini ashisayo aseMelika, e-Afrika, eNingizimu ye-Asia nase-Australia. Lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswa ngokuhlukahluka kwazo okukhulu, izimpaphe ezimangalisayo ezinemibala engavamile nezingoma ezibabazekayo nezingakholakali, ezinye zize zizibheke njengezinomsindo omkhulu. Ama-omnivores adla imbewu, izithelo nezinambuzane. Emahlathini ashisayo kunezinhlobo ezingenakubalwa, ezinye zazo ezidume kakhulu, njenge-turpial nekhadinali eVenezuela, i-quetzal emahlathini aseGuatemala, eMexico naseCosta Rica, lapho kukhona khona ama-hummingbirds nama-toucans.

Elinye izwe elinalolu hlobo lwezilwane ezinkulu iBrazil, ikakhulukazi inyoni yayo yokuqala eyi-pendulum yasehlathini layo lase-Amazon, uhlobo oluhlala kwezinye izingxenye zeMelika Ephakathi neziqhingi zaseCaribbean. E-Colombia, uhlobo lwalo olunelukuluku lokwazi futhi olutholakala endaweni yonke i-toucan enebhilidi ebomvu. I-yaco kanye nenyoni yothando badabuka e-Afrika. Ngenkathi ama-cockatoo nama-parakeet evela e-Australia. Futhi ngakho-ke kunezinye izinyoni eziningi ezidumile zasezindaweni ezishisayo, esizokunikeza lonke ulwazi olungezansi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngazo.

Izinyoni zaseTropical lapho zigcinwe ekuthunjweni, kubalulekile ukucabangela indawo, njengoba ezinye zalezi zinyoni zidinga ikheji elikhulu noma i-aviary, kanti ezinye zingase zibe nekheji elincane, nokuqinisekisa ukudla okunempilo Zinganikezwa. inhlanganisela yembewu kanye nokudla okugxilile okuqukethe izingxenye ezidingekayo zokudla okunempilo kanye nezithelo nemifino.

i-australian parakeet

Yinyoni encane engavamile ehlala e-Australia, enemibala eluhlaza nephuzi okuyiyona yendabuko kakhulu, kukhona futhi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emhlophe, empunga noma eminye imithunzi ebangelwe ukuwela lezi. Ingakwazi ukuzala kabili ngonyaka entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Zidla ngembewu yezinyoni, amabele, ukolweni nama-oats, futhi zinikezwa ulethisi, i-chard, isipinashi, izaqathi, ubhanana noma ama-apula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele uhlanganise izidingo zabo ze-iodine ne-calcium ngokuzithenga ezitolo embonini.

Lapho zisezindaweni zazo zemvelo, lezi zinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo zivame ukwakha amaqoqo amakhulu phakathi nezinkathi ezifudukayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi uma kubhekwa ubungqayizivele bokuba nobudlelwane obudlulele nabantu, bangenye yezinhlobo ezingavamile ezithandwa kakhulu ezindlini futhi ngoba zidinga ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, njengokushintsha kwamanzi njalo kubaphuzi babo kanye nokuhlanza amakheji abo. . Ngokufanayo, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi iwuhlobo oluzala ngokushesha.

IZINYONI ZASE TROPICAL

i-golden conure

Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo luhle kakhulu futhi lunengxenye enkulu yomzimba wayo enezimpaphe ezisagolide eziphuzi ezishintsha zibe amathoni abomvu-owolintshi. Isiphongo, umqhele kanye nenape kuphuzi ngokugqamile namathoni awolintshi. Umbala ophuzi ogqamile ejazini, emhlane nasemzimbeni. Izimbobo zomsila eziphuzi ezingenhla ezinezimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ibheji eliluhlaza elinamathiphu aluhlaza namaphiko angaphakathi; izinqolobane ezincane nezimaphakathi, eziphuzi ezinamachashaza aluhlaza aguquguqukayo; amakhava amakhulu anamancanyana ngokuphuzi-luhlaza, amakhava ayinhloko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izimpaphe zendiza, eziluhlaza ngenhla, ama-primaries anamathiphu aluhlaza nezindwani zangaphakathi, ansundu ngokumpunga ngezansi. Izivalo zangaphansi eziphuzi (noma eziwolintshi neziphuzi). Umphimbo unombala osawolintshi nokhonkolo ophuzi engxenyeni engenhla yesifuba, kanti isifuba esingezansi nesisu kunombala osawolintshi. Ngenhla, umsila uvame ukuphuzi ngokuluhlaza namathiphu aluhlaza; ngezansi, impunga enombala ophuzi. Umlomo wayo unsundu ngokumnyama kuya kokumnyama, iris insundu ngokumnyama, futhi inemilenze ensundu.

Zivame ukuhlala ema-savanna, emahlathini omile anezihlahla zesundu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezindaweni ezikhukhula kuze kufike ku-1200 m. Ziwela kuphela izindawo ezivulekile lapho zihamba phakathi kwezindawo zasehlathini. Ziyizinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo ezivame ukubonakala ziyimihlambi yabantu abangu-30 noma ngaphezulu. Mayelana nokuzala, kungashiwo ukuthi ilala emigodini yezihlahla noma zesundu lapho kukhona itshwele elilodwa kuphela. Isilinganiso sikasayizi we-clutch ngamaqanda ama-3 kuya kwamane, afukanyelwa inyanga engu-4. Lokhu cishe kumaphesenti angamashumi amane kunezinye izinyoni uma kuqhathaniswa nesisindo samaqanda.

Ukudla kwalezi zinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo akubhaliwe kahle, nakuba kungenzeka kuqukethe ukudla okutholakala endaweni njengezithelo, amajikijolo, noma izimbali. Okunye ukudla okwaziwayo kuhlanganisa imidumba, i-cacti ebomvu, futhi mhlawumbe namajikijolo e-Malpighia. Ngokuphathelene nokusatshalaliswa kwazo ngokwezindawo, zitholakala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, kusukela eNtabeni iRoraima enyakatho ngokwedlulele yeBrazil, izindawo eziseduze neSierra de Pacaraima eVenezuela nasenyakatho yeGuyana, ukuya eMfuleni iPomeroon, empumalanga kuya eSuriname naseFrench Guiana. ukuya eBrazil e-Amapá.

Yize zike zabonwa nasePará nasempumalanga ye-Amazon (entshonalanga eduze neRio Branco nasendaweni eningizimu ye-Amazon, ukusuka eSantarém kuya esifundeni saseRio Canumá). Nokho, zingabhekwa njengezivamile. Amarekhodi angavamile abonisa ukuba khona kwendawo kwale nyoni endaweni ebanzi yohlu lwayo. Igcinwa endaweni njengenyoni yasekhaya futhi ibambelwa ukuhweba ngezinyoni eziphilayo.

IZINYONI ZASE TROPICAL

i-hyacinth macaw

Lolu hlobo lwenyoni yasezindaweni ezishisayo lungopholi abakhulu kunawo wonke futhi lunemibala ehlukile, ngokuvamile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enemithunzi ehlukahlukene. Amaphiko nomsila ngaphansi komnyama. Isisekelo soqhwaku kanye nendandatho yeperiocular enombala oluhlaza kancane. Umsila mude kakhulu futhi uhlaka lwawo olumnyama oluqinile lugobile ngokujulile futhi luqondile. Izinhlobo ezifanayo kodwa ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Anodorhynchus glaucus, ezashabalala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, kungenzeka ukuthi zavela eBolivia.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ijabulela izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokuhlala ezigcwele izihlahla zesundu ezinembewu enkulu, ezidla kuzo. Ehlathini elisenyakatho yeBrazil, ithanda amahlathi asezindaweni eziphansi kanye nokwakheka kwesizini okuswakeme nezindawo ezigawuliwe. Kodwa ezingxenyeni ezomile kakhulu ihlala ezindaweni ezingamathafa ezisikwe izigodi ezinamatshe, eziwummango ezinezihlahla ezivundile ezivalekile, amahlathi egalari namaxhaphozi aneMauritia flexuosa. Esifundeni sasePantanal, izinyoni zivame ukuba nehlathi elinezihlahla zesundu ezindaweni ezimbozwe utshani obumanzi. Ngokusobala, yenza ukunyakaza okufudukayo. Ngokuvamile kubonakala ngababili, amaqembu omndeni noma amaqembu amancane.

Ngokuphathelene nokuzala kwazo, singasho ukuthi zihlala emigodini emikhulu yezihlahla, emifantwini enamadwala asenyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil. Izihlahla ezincanyelwayo zokuzalela e-Mato Grosso, e-Brazil zifaka i-Enteolobium ne-Sterculia striata. Enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil, izidleke zenzeka ezihlahleni zesundu ezifile zaseMauritius noma emaweni. Zivamise ukubeka iqanda elilodwa noma amabili, nakuba ingane eyodwa ngokuvamile iphila uma iqanda lesibili lichanyuselwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kwelokuqala.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isikhathi sokufukamela sithatha cishe inyanga futhi owesilisa uzonakekela umlingani wakhe ngenkathi efukamela amaqanda. Amaphuphu amancane ahlala nabazali bawo aze abe nezinyanga ezintathu ubudala. Lezi zibe sezifinyelela ekuvuthweni futhi ziqale ukuzala cishe eminyakeni eyisikhombisa ubudala. Ngokulandelayo, kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi isikhathi sokuzalanisa sisuka ku-August kuya ku-December, mhlawumbe ngemva kwesikhashana ezindaweni zasePantanal.

Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe ikakhulukazi amantongomane, atholakala endaweni evela ezintendeni zezandla ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-Maximiliana regia, i-Orbignya martiana ne-Astrocaryum, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil, kusukela e-Syagrus coronata nase-Orbignya eicherir, ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi kusukela e-Scheelea phalerata nase-Acrocomia. Amantongomane esundu akhishwa esitshalweni noma emhlabathini ngokwawo (ikakhulukazi ngemva komlilo noma lapho etholakala njengezinsalela ezingagayeki endle yezinkomo). Ezinye izithelo ulwazi olutholakala ngazo yilezo ze-Ficus sp., kanye ne-Pomacea molluscs yasemanzini. Izinyoni ziphuza uketshezi ezithelweni zesundu esiluhlaza.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwawo kuhlanganisa ingaphakathi laseNingizimu Melika, ngokunokwenzeka ezindaweni eziningana ezihlukene ezinkulu. E-Amazon Basin e-Pará kusukela eMfuleni i-Tapajós, empumalanga yendawo ebamba amanzi yase-Tocantins, eningizimu, mhlawumbe enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Tocantins. Okungenani ngaphambi kwamanje, i-Amazon esenyakatho (e-Amapá, i-Amazonas ne-Roraima, e-Brazil) futhi mhlawumbe ezinye izifanekiso zingase zibe khona, nakuba engekho amarekhodi akamuva aziwayo. Iphinde isatshalaliswe kuyo yonke inyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Brazil, kakhulu noma kancane igxile e-Chapadas das Mangabeiras microregion ekuhlanganeni kwe-Maranhao, Piauí, Goiás, ne-Bahía, Brazil (isifunda saseGerais).

Isibalo sesithathu sabantu sigxile ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi endaweni engenhla yomfula iParaguay eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Mato Grosso, i-Mato Grosso do Sul, e-Brazil futhi inabela empumalanga esondelene ne-Bolivia kanye nasenyakatho yeParaguay. Kubikwe njengokungenzeka kuMfula iMapori eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Colombia (Vaupés). Ukunyakaza okujwayelekile kodwa mhlawumbe ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka e-Amazon maqondana nemvelo yezitshalo ezidla kuzo. Indawo ephakathi kokusabalalisa okuyinhloko okuthathu kwamanje kusengahlala abantu, nakuba amathrendi akamuva abonakala ebonisa ukuthi lokhu ngeke kwenzeke.

UParrot Chiripepe

Uma ichaza lolu hlobo lwezinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo, kungaphawulwa ukuthi inebhande langaphambili elincane nelifiphele elibomvu elinezimpaphe ezibomvu ngokugqamile ngemuva kwe-cere, amakhosi amnyama, izimpaphe ezihlathini kanye nomqhele, oluhlaza okotshani onamathiphu amnyama; indlebe coverts olive green. Izingxenye ezingaphezulu ziluhlaza ngotshani nendawo encane ebomvu ngemuva. Izindwangu eziyinhloko eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-luhlaza, amaphiko amboze ngokuluhlaza okotshani, ezinye izimpaphe ngezinye izikhathi zixutshwe nomnqumo.

Ngokuqondene nama-primaries, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumawebhu angaphandle futhi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphakathi, anamathiphu amnyama; ezisesibili, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziluhlaza kakhulu. Izinhlangothi zentamo, umphimbo kanye nesifuba, insundu ye-olive, izimpaphe ezinsundu ngaphansi komhlaba kanye namathiphu amnyama, okwenza wonke umphumela ube ne-scaly. Ingxenye engezansi yebele iluhlaza kanye nebala elinsundu phakathi nesisu, izinhlangothi eziluhlaza okotshani, amathanga kanye nezimbotshana zangaphansi. Ngenhla, umsila oluhlaza engxenyeni ye-basal, ithusi elixutshwe namathoni abomvu ekugcineni; ngezansi, umsila unsundu ngokufiphele.

Lolu hlobo lwenyoni yasezindaweni ezishisayo lunomzimba ompunga, kwesinye isikhathi luphaphathekile phansi kwe-mandible, i-cere ephuzi, indandatho ye-orbital empunga emhlophe, kanye ne-iris ensundu ngokumnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imilenze yayo imnyama grey. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi izici zangaphandle nezingokomzimba zabo bobabili ubulili ziyafana. Intshontsho elisanda kuzalwa alinawo umbala onsundu esiswini. Iphaphathekile elingavuthiwe kunomuntu omdala oneiris emnyama. Ahlanganisa izindawo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlala zamahlathi, amahlathi, amaphethelo namaxhaphozi, kuhlanganise neziqephu ezisele ze-araucaria.

IZINYONI ZASE TROPICAL

E-Paraguay Chaco, zibonakala zicishe ziphelele ezindaweni ezikhula ngasogwini loMfula iParaguay nemingenela yawo eyinhloko. Eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil atholakala ikakhulukazi ezintabeni endaweni engamamitha angu-1.400 1.000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle; kwezinye izingxenye zamathafa afinyelela kumamitha angaba ngu-6 12, lapho ekwazi ukumelana nokuphazanyiswa, aze avakashele amapaki asemadolobheni ase-Asunción, eRio de Janeiro naseSão Paulo futhi adle emasimini ezithelo (Rio Grande do Sul). Zihlala ndawonye, ​​ngokuvamile ziyimihlambi yezinyoni ezingu-40-XNUMX kufika ku-XNUMX.

Zihlala emgodini wesihlahla. Isikhathi sokuzala sihlanganisa izinyanga zika-Okthoba kuya kuZibandlela. Ukukhwelana kwamaqanda ama-5-6. Insikazi ifukamela iyodwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-30. Amaphuphu ashiya isidleke ngemva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-45, ngemva kwalokho aqhubeka nokuphakelwa isikhashana yiwo womabili amalungu alo mbhangqwana. Ukudla kwayo kuhlanganisa i-pulp ye-Euterpe edulis, imbewu ye-Schinus, i-Xylopia, i-Cecropia, i-Croton, i-Miconia, i-ficus, i-Psidium ne-Pinus; Izimbali ze-Ambrosia ne-Vernonia kanye ne-Protium Aril. Kwezinye izindawo, i-Araucaria iwumthombo wokudla obaluleke kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil nasenyakatho ye-Argentina. E-Brazil, zingabonwa kusukela eningizimu ye-Bahia phezu kwezifunda ezisogwini ukuya e-Rio Grande do Sul nasentshonalanga eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Minas Gerais naseningizimu ye-Mato Grosso edlula e-Paraguay (ukwandiswa kwamarekhodi kuphakamisa ukuba khona kwazo kude nentshonalanga), enyakatho ye-Uruguay nasenyakatho ye-Argentina, eMisiones, eCorrientes, eFormosa, eChaco futhi esikhathini esidlule yayingavamile enyakatho yeSanta Fe naseningizimu-mpumalanga yeBolivia.

Ama-parrots e-Cacique, nezinyoni ezidumile zasezindaweni ezishisayo

Lolu hlobo alunaphutha ngemibala yalo ekhazimulayo. Inesiphongo esiphuzi ngokumhlophe kanye nomqhele, esifiphele ngemuva sibe nsundu ngemizila ephaphathekile ku-nape, futhi sinezimpaphe ezinde, ezimise okwe-frill ezibomvu ngokubomvu phansi kanye noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokugqamile emaphethelweni. Ama-parrots ansundu anezihlathi ezinsundu, umphimbo, izinhlangothi zentamo namashiya, aminyene kakhulu ngamathoni aphuzi. Izingxenye ezingenhla ziluhlaza. Izembozo zamaphiko ezimaphakathi nezincane ziluhlaza okotshani okumnyama okuyisisekelo.

Ama-primaries amnyama, amasekhondi aluhlaza anamathiphu amnyama. Ngaphansi, amaphiko aluhlaza, izimpaphe zokundiza ezimnyama. Isifuba esiluhlaza nezinhlangothi zesisu; isikhungo esibomvu se-burgundy sesifuba nesisu esifakwe okwesibhakabhaka, okwenza umphumela we-streak eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuhlaza okuncane, ikakhulukazi esifubeni esiphezulu; amathanga kanye ne-undertail coverts eluhlaza. Ngenhla, umsila uluhlaza ngamathiphu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimpaphe zangaphandle eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kumawebhu angaphandle futhi kufihlwe okubomvu esisekelweni sewebhu yangaphakathi; ngaphansi, umsila omnyama. Uhlaka olumnyama, oluphaphathekile phezulu, i-cere emnyama, iris ephuzi, nemilenze empunga emnyama.

Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo luhlala emahlathini asemazansi futhi luncamela izindawo ezinomhlabathi oqinile, okuhlanganisa indawo eguquguqukayo noma amagquma (mhlawumbe ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezidla kuzo). Ngokusobala iwagwema amahlathi aseVárzea, emaphethelweni ehlathi, nasezinkangala, kodwa kunombiko wezinyoni emahlathini agcwele izikhukhula emiseleni yoMfula iMorona, ePeru, futhi zidla ngokuyinhloko emahlathini asogwini lwaseVenezuela. Ifinyelela cishe kumamitha angama-400 eningizimu-mpumalanga yeColombia namamitha angama-200 eVenezuela.

Akuvamile ukutholakala ngamaqembu amakhulu, ahlukaniswe ngamabili noma amaqembu amancane angama-3-4. Akuvamile ukufika ku-10. Ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphambilini kubonakala kuhlukana kube ngamapheya noma ama-trios ekuqaleni kokuzalela. Zihlala phezu kwezihlahla ngamaqembu amancane (mhlawumbe nazo zodwa emigodini yezihlahla). Okuphakelayo ikakhulukazi ku-canopy. Futhi, abayona inhlalakahle kakhulu. Babonisa ukubukeka okufana ne-raptor, beveza izimpaphe ngemuva kwamakhanda abo njengefeni.

Zihlala ezihlahleni ezingenalutho, kuhlanganise nesidleke esidala sezinqolamithi, isibonelo isiqophamithi esinentamo ebomvu (Campephilus rubricollis). Ukubhakuzisa ngokushesha amaphiko, okulandelwa ukwehla okuntweza kancane, kuphumela ekundizeni okungaguquguqukiyo okujulile phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa. Ukukhiqiza okwenzeka phakathi kuka-March-June eVenezuela; January-March eGuyana; February-April eSuriname; phakathi kukaDisemba-Februwari, eBrazil. Idla amaqabunga namahlumela eBombacopsis, izithelo ezingavuthiwe zeDialium, izithelo ze-Euterpe, Attalea, fagifolia, Astrocaryum. Iphinde idle i-inga namagwava ezindaweni ezilinywayo.

Kafushane, kungaphawulwa ukuthi inyoni ehlakaniphe kakhulu, edlalayo futhi enhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokukhanga kwayo okungenakuphikwa, akulona uhlobo oluhle lokuhlala luvalelwe. Banovalo kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kusho ukuthi bahlwitha noma balume izimpaphe zabo zidale umonakalo. Bangopholi abanomsindo kakhulu futhi ukuba nekhophi ekhaya akubonakali kubekezeleleka kakhulu, kodwa kuwuvivinyo olunzima lokubekezela kwethu.

Toucan

Ingenye yezinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezizalelwa engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi laseMelika, enezimpaphe ezimnyama eziqhathaniswe nokuphuzi okushubile entanyeni, uqhwaku lwayo olukhulu olunombala ongalinganisa ingxenye yesithathu yobukhulu bayo (cishe amasentimitha ayi-14). Ziyizinyoni ezinoqhwaku olukhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo. Inamaphiko amancane, amafushane futhi ayindilinga. Umsila uyisikwele kwezinye izinhlobo. Amehlo azungezwe isikhumba ngezinye izikhathi esikhanyayo ngombala.

IZINYONI ZASE TROPICAL

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zahlelwa ngaphansi kwe-oda le-Piciformes nomndeni wakwaRamphastidae. Lokho kuhlanganisa imikhakha eyisi-6 kanye nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40. AmaToucans alinganisa phakathi kuka-18 no-63 cm kanti iToco toucan inkulu kakhulu. I-toucan ihlala ehlathini kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ithanda futhi ithuthele emahlathini anomswakama ngisho nasezindaweni ezibandayo. Ihlala eziqongweni zezihlahla zamahlathi ashisayo, angaphansi, nasezindaweni eziphansi. Indawo yayo isuka eMexico, idlulele eMelika Ephakathi, iye enyakatho yeColombia nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeVenezuela.

Umthethosivivinywa awusebenzi nje kuphela ukuzivikela, kodwa futhi usetshenziselwa ukubamba izithelo nemifino etholakala eziqwini ezincane. Ukupheleliswa izinambuzane noma ezinye izidalwa ezincane, kuhlanganise nezinye izinyoni namaqanda azo. Ukwengeza, banobungane, bahlala emhlambini wamalungu acishe abe yishumi nambili. Isikhathi esiningi sokuba khona kwazo kuphelela ezihlahleni, ngakho azizona izinyoni ezifudukayo futhi ngokuvamile zitholakala zingamabili noma imihlambi emincane. Lezi zinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo zihlala emigodini yezihlahla futhi zizalela amaqanda amhlophe amabili kuya kwamane futhi isikhathi sokufukama siyizinsuku ezingama-2 kuya kwezingama-4, zombili iduna nensikazi ziyawanakekela.

Lapho ezalwa, amaphuphu asuke engenazimpaphe futhi agcina amehlo awo evaliwe cishe amasonto amathathu. Zihlala esidlekeni amasonto ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye kuyilapho uqhwaku lwazo lukhula ngokugcwele futhi lulungiselela ukundiza. Lapho bebancane, banesikweletu esifushane kunabantu abadala, kodwa kukhona umehluko omncane ezinsibeni ngokweminyaka noma ngobulili. Imibala yazo egqamile iwavumela ukuba ahlangane nokukhanya okufiphele kombhede wehlathi. Nokho, lezi zinyoni ngokuvamile zenza imisindo engathandeki noma zikhiphe ukutshiyoza kwakudala, okubonisa ukuthi azizami ukuhlala zicashile.

Lapho kuhlukaniswa uhlobo ngalunye lwalolu hlobo lwenyoni yasezindaweni ezishisayo, kungakhulunywa ngezici zayo ezihlukahlukene ngokwezimpaphe noma uqhwaku lwazo. Isibonelo, kuyaziwa ukuthi lezo ezihlala endaweni yase-Amazons nase-Andes zinkulu, zifinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwesigamu semitha. Nokho, kukhona ezinye ezincane, njenge- aracari, ehlala emahlathini anomswakama eMelika Ephakathi nasenyakatho yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika.

Nakuba le nyoni inenani elikhulu lezizukulwane, okuyizinhlobo ezimbili ezivelele, isengozini enkulu. Ziye zizingelwa ngamandla athile, kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko sokuba zisengozini enkulu ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukungcola, ukukhula kwezindawo zasemadolobheni kanye ne-biopiracy ezinye zezibonakaliso ezisobala kakhulu. Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lwezilwane lusengcupheni yokushabalala ngenxa yokushintsha kwendawo kanye nomjikelezo wokuzala ohamba kancane lapho luzalela amaqanda ama-2 kuphela ngonyaka futhi okunzima ukuwufinyelela ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

IZINYONI ZASE TROPICAL

I-Galerita Cockatoo

Iwuhlobo lwezinyoni ezinkulu zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezinezimpaphe ezimhlophe kakhulu. Kubantu abadala, izimpaphe zendlebe, intamo kanye nezihlathi ziphuzi ngokuphaphathekile, unqenqema olwakhiwe yizimpaphe eziyisi-6 eziqondile ezitshekele phambili, luphuzi. Uqhwaku lungafinyelela ku-14 amasentimitha ubude. Ngaphansi kwamaphiko nomsila kuphuzi ngokukhanyayo. Indandatho ezungeze iso ikhombisa umbala omhlophe. I-iris insundu ngokumnyama kweyeduna futhi insundu ngokubomvu kwensikazi. Ibhilidi inombala ompunga omnyama, imilenze ibe mpunga. Abancane abawahlukanisi irises abo anombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo.

Zinomsindo omkhulu futhi kulula ukuzibona, nakuba zibonakala kangcono ngokukhala kwazo. Ngesikhathi sokuzalana zihlala ngambili noma ngamaqembu emikhaya emincane, kodwa unyaka wonke zihlala emihlambini engaba ngamakhulu. Baziphatha ngendlela ejwayelekile ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni ezifakwe ama-feeders. Kwezinye izindawo ezivusa izinsolo nobuqili obuvamile, kunzima kakhulu ukufinyelela kuzo. Ezindaweni ezivulekile, lezi zinyoni zisebenzisa uhlelo lokuqapha oluhlelekile ngale ndlela: kuyilapho iningi lomhlambi lidla, ezinye izinyoni zibukela endaweni eseduze futhi zivame ukukhala i-alamu uma kunengozi.

Itholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezinamahlathi, emahlathini (okuhlanganisa amaxhaphozi kanye nezindawo eziseduze), imihlume, indawo evulekile, endaweni yokulima (okuhlanganisa amasimu erayisi namasimu esundu), ama-savanna, ama-mallee kanye nezindawo zasemadolobheni. Kutholwe kufika kumamitha ayi-1500 ezingxenyeni zase-Australia, amamitha ayi-2400 ePapua New Guinea. E-Australia, isikhathi sokukhwelana siphakathi kukaMeyi no-August enyakatho naphakathi kuka-August no-January eningizimu. E-New Guinea kwenzeka kuzo zonke izinyanga zonyaka, nakuba izinyanga ezisebenza kakhulu ziphakathi kukaMeyi noDisemba.

Lolu hlobo ngezinye izikhathi luzalela emakoloni. Isidleke siwumgodi wemvelo esihlahleni esikhulu sikagamthilini eduze nomfudlana ophakathi kwamamitha ama-3 nama-30 ngaphezu komhlaba. Ngezinye izikhathi indawo yokuhlala itholakala emigodini emaweni e-limestone eduze nomfula uMurray. Kulokhu, amaqanda afakwa ngqo esihlabathini. E-New Zealand, lezi zinyoni zitholakala phakathi kwama-hay bales ezinqolobaneni. Isidleke ngokuvamile siqukethe amaqanda amhlophe angu-3. Lawa afakwa ongqimbeni lwemfucumfucu ebolayo ngaphansi komgodi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, phakathi nenqubo yokufukamela, bobabili abazali benza kanjalo ngokushintshana isikhathi esiyizinsuku ezingu-30. Amaphuphu anombala ophuzi futhi ashiya isidleke ngemva kwamasonto ayisithupha kuya kwangu-6. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungashiwo futhi ukuthi, ngokuvamile, lezi zinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo zibuyela esidlekeni ukuze ziphumule cishe amasonto amabili. Abancane bahlala eqenjini lomndeni izinyanga ezimbalwa. Zidla ndawonye ngamaqembu amancane ahlakazekile.

Ngokuqondene nokudla kwabo, kwenziwa ngamakhambi notshani, kanye namahlumela ommbila nokolweni. Iphinde idle ngamakhambi ayingozi njengemikhaba yobisi. Okunye ukudla kufaka phakathi: izimpande, ama-rhizomes, amantongomane, amajikijolo, izimbali, ama-bulb, izimbali, nezibungu zezinambuzane. Bangadala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni. Bamba endaweni esanda kutshalwa bedla isithelo esivuthiwe, lokhu kuphinde kulimaze izitshalo ezigciniwe kanye namabhele otshani lapho beklebhula khona upulasitiki obambozile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, singasho ukuthi, ngokuphathelene nokusatshalaliswa kwendawo, lolu hlobo luhlala lukhona enyakatho nasempumalanga ye-Australia, i-New Guinea neziqhingi ezingomakhelwane, ikakhulukazi iziqhingi zase-Aru, e-Indonesia. Ingeniswe ngempumelelo eZiqhingini zasePalau eMicronesia, eNew Zealand, nakwezinye zeMoluccas. Inani labantu baseTaiwan lilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-100 ezethulwe zokuzalanisa. Ihlala ngokuyinhloko ngaphansi kwe-1000 m, kodwa ingabonakala ngezikhathi ezithile e-Australia ku-1500 m kanye ne-2000 m empumalanga ye-New Guinea.

Flag Cockatoo

Ihlukaniswa ngesiqu sayo esimangalisayo esakhiwe izimpaphe ezinde eziyi-16 ezigobela phambili. Lezi zimpaphe zinesisekelo esibanzi esinengxenye emaphakathi ebomvana kancane enokubomvu okuphuzi. Imikhawulo engenhla ye-crest imhlophe. Elinye iqoqo lezimpaphe eziyindilinga ngaphezulu likhula phezu kweso, lenze isisekelo esimhlophe lapho i-crest iphakanyiswa. Ngaphambili kunqandwe ibhande elihle elibomvu. Ubuso, intamo, nangaphansi kunombala we-salmon, kufiphala kube mhlophe kumakhava.

Izimpaphe zokundiza nomsila zimhlophe ngokungena kwe-salmon ngaphansi. Uqhwaku lucishe lube mhlophe. Ama-irises anombala onsundu ngokumnyama kanti imilenze impunga. Insikazi ifana nomngane wayo womshado, kodwa i-salmon ebomvu-epinki ekhanda nangaphansi. Umugqa ophuzi ohlobisa inothi uyakhanya futhi uba banzi. Ingxenye engenhla yesisu imhlophe esikhundleni se-salmon pink. Ama-irises anombala obomvu obomvana. Intsha iyafana neyesifazane. Umugqa wangaphambili unombala osawolintshi ngokukhanyayo, onsundu ngokukhanyayo.

Mayelana nokuziphatha kwalezi zinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo, kungashiwo ukuthi umbhangqwana uyisisekelo senhlalo yomphakathi, kodwa zigcina ukuxhumana namanye amapheya angazalisi ngokwakhiwa kwamaqembu. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa, ikakhulukazi kunemihlambi emincane yezinyoni eziyi-10 kuya kwezingama-50. Imibuthano emikhulu kakhulu iba ngezikhathi zesomiso kuphela noma lapho imithombo yokudla iyinala. Kulokhu, kungase kube abantu abayikhulu. Izindawo ezivamile zihlala ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzala kanti izinyoni zihamba ekuseni kakhulu.

Babheka ukudla ezihlahleni naphansi. Njengoba zihamba phansi, zihamba kancane ukuze zigweme utshani obude. Emhlanjini, inyoni eyodwa njalo idlala indima yomlindi. Iba nesimo sengqondo sokuqapha kakhulu, inyakazisa uhlaka lwalo, futhi ihlale ihlaba ikhefu lapho ime iyinde ibuka indawo eyizungezile. Phakathi nokushisa kwasemini, ibalekela emaqabunga ezihlahla. Ehlobo, isikhathi sokuphumula siba side. Izinyoni ezibhanqiwe zihlala zisondelene. Ngezikhathi zokushisa okukhulu, le nyoni ivakashela izindawo ezinamanzi, ekushoneni kwelanga, ibuye.

Inani labantu bakhona lisatshalaliswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokuhlala zamahlathi ezindaweni ezomile noma ezomile. Lolu hlobo luhlobene eduze nezindawo ze-mallee. Atholakala ikakhulukazi ekutshalweni kabusha kwamahlathi omsayipuresi nogamthilini, ezindaweni ezixubile zikagamthilini nama- casuarina noma eduze kwamawa. Ukuba khona kwazo endaweni nakho kubangelwa kakhulu ukuba khona komthombo wamanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhombisa ukunamathela okubuthakathaka kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlukene lapho ingahlali khona isikhathi eside.

Isikhathi sokuzalanisa siqala ngo-August kuya kuZibandlela. Ama-Cockatoo abuyela ezindaweni zawo ezivamile zokuzalela. Umgodi wesidleke uthola ukuthuthukiswa: umnyango uyanwetshwa futhi umbozwe ngongqimba lwamashavings amasha abekwe phansi kwesidleke. Izidleke cishe njalo ziqhelelene komunye nomunye, ebangeni elingaba ngu-2 km. Ukubekela kunamaqanda aphakathi kuka-2 no-5 abekwe phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-2 nezi-3. I-Incubation yenziwa yibo bobabili abazali, iqala ngemva kokufakwa kweqanda lesithathu futhi ihlala phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-23 nezingu-24.

Amatshwele ahlala engxenyeni engezansi yomhume izinsuku ezingu-57 futhi ondliwe ngamaduna nezinsikazi. Umkhaya uhlala eduze nesidleke kuze kube yilapho izinyane lokugcina liphuma esidlekeni. Bese bejoyina amanye amaqembu emindeni lapho izinsiza zokudla zanele. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-cockatoo yefulegi iphoqeleka ukuba ixoshe umbhangqwana oye waqala ukubeka amaqanda esidlekeni sawo, kodwa lolu hlobo lwe-parasitism lungabuye luphumelele.

Zidla imbewu, utshani, okusanhlamvu, futhi ngokuvamile amakhabe. Ziphinde zidle amakhiwane asendaweni amasha, uphayinaphu, imbewu ye-eucalyptus, u-anyanisi, amantongomane, izimpande, izinambuzane nezibungu. Ngesikhathi sokudla nangemva kokudla, lezi zinyoni ziqoqa amagatsha nezingcezu zamagxolo bese zenza imvula yezigxobo zezinkuni phansi kwezihlahla. Futhi, lapho ukushisa kunamandla, bandisa imvamisa yokuvakashela emigodini yokunisela. Lezi zinyoni zizalelwa e-Australia futhi amandla azo amakhulu aseNingizimu Ntshonalanga yeQueensland lapho zisakazeke khona, naseNingizimu Australia lapho zikhona.

I-Cuban Aratinga, enye yezinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo

Inoqhwaku oluqinile, oluxhunywe, olubonisa ikhono lakho kokubili izingxenye ezingenhla nezingaphansi ukunyakaza, okwenza lo upholi ukwazi ukuxebula futhi uchoboze imbewu, izithelo namantongomane awiswe ezinye izinyoni eziningi, ngaleyo ndlela ebonisa esinye isici esiyimpumelelo sale nyoni yasezindaweni ezishisayo. . Imilenze yayo inamandla okubamba amangalisayo ayivumela ukuthi ibambe ama-pos amangalisayo futhi ibambe ezindaweni ezidlulele kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlelwa kwezinzwane ezineminwe emibili phambili, 2 kanye no-3, kanye nemibili emuva, 1 kanye no-4.

Ikhanda layo, izinhlangothi zentamo, nentamo kuluhlaza okotshani kanye nezimpaphe ezibomvu ezisakazekile ngezinye izikhathi zakhe amabala. Amakepisi nonogada oluhlaza okotshani, okuyisisekelo nakwesibili anamathiphu namamajini aluhlaza okumnyama ukuze athwebule ingaphakathi; unqenqema lwe-carpal olunezimpaphe ezibomvu ezihlakazekile futhi iphiko layo ligobile futhi libomvu. Izindwangu ezingaphansi ezinezimpaphe zokundiza ezisagolide, ezibomvu ezincane nezimaphakathi, nezimbozo ezinkulu eziphuzi ngokuphuzi.

Izingxenye ezingaphansi eziphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani ezinombala omnqumo obanzi, kwesinye isikhathi ezinezimpaphe ezibomvu ezihlukene, ikakhulukazi entanyeni nasemathanga. Ngenhla komsila okuluhlaza okotshani okumnyama okunombala omnqumo, ngaphansi okunsundu ngokuphuzi. Ibhilidi elinombala okhanyayo, indandatho ye-orbital eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-mhlophe, iris ephuzi, nemilenze ensundu. Insikazi inombala osawolintshi kakhulu ezimpikweni. Izilwane ezincane zinezimbobo zangaphansi eziluhlaza nokubomvu, umphetho womlenze ophuzi (hhayi obomvu), ama-irises ampunga, futhi azikho izimpaphe ezibomvu ezihlakazekile.

Leli klasi lezinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo lihlala e-savannah, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho izihlahla zesundu ze-Copernicus kanye ne-Thrinax zivame khona, emaphethelweni amahlathi nasezindaweni ezinezihlahla eziningi. Nokho, kunobufakazi obuhle bokuthi atholakala ezindaweni eziye zashintshwa ngandlela-thile, njengamahlathi kagamthilini endaweni evulekile nezingcezwana zamahlathi ahlala eluhlaza ezinkangala zesundu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungashiwo ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zisinda kuphela eduze nezindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi ayisisekelo.

Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko zokuzala zalolu hlobo ukuthola izidleke kanye nokuncintisana ngazo. Incane ngakho-ke inzuzo yayo ngokomzimba ngaphezu kwezinye izinyoni ukuzisusa ezidlekeni incane futhi kufanele ibonise ulaka olukhulu ukuze ikwazi ukuxosha iziqophamithi ngisho nezinyoni ezincane ezidla inyama. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi empilweni yamahhala lolu hlobo alukho izinga eliphezulu lokukhetha ngenxa yokuphakama kwesundu lapho lizohlala khona noma ukujula kwesidleke, esisesiteji sokukhwelana futhi akubonakali kuqinile. isidleke sezimpawu zothando.

Kodwa-ke, kungase kube nokuthambekela kokukhetha izidleke ezinentuba yokungena encane ngokwanele ukuvumela amapheya ukuba angene futhi avimbe izilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane ukuba zingangeni. Kubukeka sengathi lezi zinhlobo ezizalayo zibekezelela kakhulu ezinye izimbangi ezingomakhelwane zohlobo olufanayo kunezinye zopholi, kodwa ngokwezinga elithile zihlukanisiwe, zithanda izihlahla zesundu lapho kunomgodi owodwa kuphela lapho kunezinga elithile lokuba ngasese lapho zizalela amaphara..

Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngo-April futhi ngokuvamile siphela ngoJulayi. Ngezinye izikhathi zakha izidleke zazo emigodini eyayimbiwe i-Tajá woodpecker (Xiphidiopicus percussus). Inani lamaqanda azalela phakathi kwesithathu nesihlanu. Ukufukamela kwenziwa yiwo womabili amalunga akubhangqa futhi amaphuphu afunzwa aze aphume esidlekeni. Uma isidleke sesiphumile, izingane ezingavuthiwe zingabonakala zindiza ziyimihlambi emincane nabazali ngaphambi kwenkathi yasebusika, futhi zakha imihlambi emikhulu lapho imindeni eyahlukene ijoyina.

Ukudla kwaleli klasi lezinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo kufaka umango, amapapaya, amagwava, amasundu eRoystonea, izithelo zeMelicoccus bijogatus kanye neSpondias mombin, kanye nembewu, amahlumela, amabele namajikijolo e-Inga. Babedla ngisho nembewu yekhofi nembewu yombila, yingakho zazizingelwa kudala abantu, ngoba zadala umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni. Ngaphambilini bekungenye yezinyoni ezitholakala eCuba nase-Isla de la Juventud, kodwa manje isikhawulelwe kuma-dreadlocks ahlukahlukene ezindaweni ezikude zesiqhingi saseCaribbean.

Ekuthunjweni, banolaka kakhulu futhi bathi bayaphikisana futhi abaphumuli futhi badinga ukugadwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukukhulumisana okuncane ekukhishweni kwamagama, nakuba kunobungane kakhulu nomuntu abamkhethayo njengomlingani ongeke asuse ububi obujabulisayo, cishe njalo ubekezelela futhi ngisho nokubonga. Izwela ezimweni eziguqukayo ze-ecosystem ehlala kuyo. Izidingo kanye nobunzima bokusakazwa kwalolu hlobo bukhulu. Ukugcina le nyoni enhle njengesilwane esifuywayo kungase kuthakazelise, nakuba inani layo elincane likwenza kube nzima ukuyigcina.

Uma uthanda le ndatshana ngeTropical Birds futhi ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezinye izihloko ezithakazelisayo, ungabheka izixhumanisi ezilandelayo:


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

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  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.