Amadivayisi Esitoreji: Izinhlobo Nezimpawu

Ulwazi lubalulekile ezingeni lezobuchwepheshe, kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuningiliziwe mayelana izinto zokugcina esivumela ukuthi sivikele ulwazi olushiwo.

isitoreji-amadivayisi-1

Abalingani abakhulu bekhompyutha

Amadivayisi wokugcina

Amafayela nezinhlelo ezidingekayo ukuze ikhompuyutha noma iselula isebenze kahle, noma ulwazi umuntu afuna ukuludlulisela lusuka kwenye indawo luye kwenye, lugcinwa futhi luvikelwe entweni eyaziwa ngokuthi ithuluzi lokulondoloza.

Njengamanje, singathola izinhlobo ezahlukene zalezi zisetshenziswa kuye ngokuthi yini esiyidingayo, isibonelo, kukhona izinto zokugcina amalaptop, amadivaysi okugcina ihadiwe, phakathi kwabanye.

Uma ungacacisi kahle ukuthi luyini uhlelo lwekhompiyutha, sikunikeza ithuba lokufunda ulwazi oluhle kakhulu oluzoba usizo kuwe esihlokweni sethu:  Isistimu Yekhompyutha: Kuyini? Izinhlobo Nezici.

Ukuhlukaniswa

La ukuvela kwamadivayisi wesitoreji, ihlehlela emuva ku-1947 ngokufika kwe-Williams Tube futhi isaqhubeka nanamuhla.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici zemishini yokugcina bawumaka umehluko phakathi kokunye nokunye, kubenze basebenziseke kakhulu kuye ngephrojekthi ofuna ukuyenza.

Ngokwamandla abo noma ukuziphatha ngaphakathi kohlelo, sithola izinhlobo ezimbili:

Amadivayisi Ayinhloko: yilezo amadivayisi wokugcina ngobuningi ezisetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo, ngakho zidinga amandla ukuze zikwazi ukuvikela ulwazi ku-CPU.

Amadivayisi Esibili: yizona ezigcina ulwazi ngokulandelana kwazo emishinini yangaphandle ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuyisa noma kuphi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi abasifunayo.

Ngokuqondene nendlela idatha etholakala ngayo, sithola izinhlobo ezimbili: amadivaysi okufinyelela okulandelanayo, lapho ukweqa ulwazi kufanele ufune irekhodi ngerekhodi kusukela ekuqaleni kokusekelwa, kanye namadivayisi okufinyelela okungahleliwe, lapho ulwazi lutholakala khona ngokuqondile. indawo yokugcina.

isitoreji-amadivayisi-2

Isitoreji samagnetic

Lezi amadivaysi okugcina idatha Zenziwe ngezinto kazibuthe ezivumela ukugcinwa kolwazi oluningi ngesistimu kanambambili.

Iyunithi ye-Magnetic Tape

Iningi labo lithathwa njengeliphelelwe yisikhathi, ligcina idatha yevidiyo neyomsindo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo bekuphindaphindeka ngeminyaka yama-70s njengoba bekwazile ukugcina amafayela ngenqubo yohlobo olulandelanayo.

Kuleli qembu, izakhi ezifana ne-VHS noma izidlali zekhasethi azikwazanga ukuphila ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ziyekile ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe.

i-floppy drive

Imelwe i-floppy drive noma i-floppy drive, ngokuvamile ihlanganiswe kumakhompiyutha, nakuba kungenjalo, ingaxhunywa kuwo ngenxa yekhebula.

Idalwe ngo-1969, ama-floppy drive anomthamo olinganiselwe wokusekela futhi ama-floppy disk anesikhala esingu-1,44 MB kuphela, asiza ukushintshaniswa kwamafayela amancane, asule futhi abhale kabusha ulwazi izikhathi eziningi ngokufisa, nokho, inqubo ihamba kancane uma qhathanisa nobuchwepheshe obusha.

Njengamanje, abasebenzisi bancamela ukusebenzisa amanye amadivaysi okugcina avumela inani elikhulu ledatha ukuthi ligcinwe, ngaphezu kwalokho okunikezwa ama-floppy disks.

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I-hard drive noma i-hard drive

Ngabe imishini yokugcina yangaphakathi edume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, ukuthandwa kwabo kungenxa yokuthi benza iyunithi eyisisekelo yokusebenza yanoma iyiphi ikhompuyutha, exhunywe kuyo ngebhodi lomama noma i-motherboard.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-hard drive yangaphakathi isebenza ngokulungiswa kukhompuyutha futhi idlulise imininingwane equkethwe kuyo, kudingeka ama-CD, izinkumbulo ze-USB noma amanye amathuluzi angaphandle, kuye kwadalwa ama-hard drive angaphandle axhumeka kwikhompyutha ngokusebenzisa kusuka. ikhebula le-USB.

I-hard drive yokuqala emlandweni yethulwa ngo-1956, igcina ulwazi oluyigugu kakhulu lwekhompyutha, izinhlelo, amafayela noma uhlelo lokusebenza, konke lokhu nokunye okuningi kutholakala kule divayisi.

Isakhiwo ngokuvamile singamadiski amabili abekwe eyodwa phezu kwesinye lapho okubalulekile kazibuthe okunesibopho sokubekisa idatha kuhamba khona. Ngokuvamile, i-hard disk ngayinye inezinaliti ezimbili ezihambisana nokufundwa kolwazi kodwa empeleni zingawathinti amadiski ukugwema ukuwalimaza.

Ngakho ukuthi umsebenzi wemishini yokugcina zalolu hlobo ziyagcwaliseka, kuyadingeka ukuthi bathole amandla, ngakho-ke kufanele baxhunywe ekunikezeni amandla ekhompyutheni.

Gqamisa izici

Ikhono: ibhekisela enanini lamagigabhayithi (GB) idivayisi enalo. Okwamanje, iyahluka phakathi kuka-250 GB kanye ne-1 TB.

Isikhathi sokusesha esimaphakathi: isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze inaliti ibone ulwazi olufunayo, okungukuthi, isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze kutholwe idatha efunwayo.

Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokufunda/sokubhala: Isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze i-hard drive ifunde noma ibhale ulwazi olusha oluzogcinwa.

Isivinini sokuzungeza: isivinini esinqunywa ngokuphenduka ngomzuzu (RPM). Amadiski atholakala kumakhompuyutha anamuhla ajikeleza kusukela cishe ku-4200 kuya ku-15 RPM, lapho lesi sivinini sishesha, yilapho idatha ekudiski izofinyelelwa ngokushesha ngayo.

Umthamo wokudlulisa idatha: isho isivinini i-hard drive edlulisa ngaso ulwazi. Njengamanje imvamisa ingu-6 GB ngomzuzwana.

isitoreji esibonakalayo

Amadrayivu okubona agxilisa ubuchwepheshe bawo ekufundeni amathrekhi atholakala ngaphakathi kwamadiski optical, ngokusebenzisa i-laser eshaya indawo ekhanyayo.

Ukugqama kwabanye izinto zokugcina nokucubungula, ama-optical drives awagcini imininingwane ngaphakathi, esikhundleni salokho, idatha irekhodwa kumathuluzi amise okwediski, angafakwa kalula futhi akhishwe kudrayivu.

CD rom

Idrayivu ye-CD-ROM imele enye yezindawo zokugcina ezisetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla, inzuzo yayo isekutheni ingakwazi ukugcina izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlelo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ngisho namavidiyo noma ama-audios.

Inethreyi lapho idiski (CD-ROM) ibekwe khona, iphuma ingene kuyunithi ngokucindezela inkinobho etholakala ngaphandle kwethuluzi.

Amadrayivu amaningi e-CD-ROM anevolumu nezilawuli zokuzulazula, kanye nekhono lokuxhuma ama-headphone. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona amayunithi anikezelwe ekufundeni amadiski kuphela, kuyilapho amanye ekwazi ukufunda nokuqopha.

Ama-CD okuqala aqala ukumakethwa emhlabeni wonke ngo-1982, akhuthazwa izinkampani ezifana ne-Sony noma i-Philips, ayenomthamo we-650 MB.

Ama-disc ngokuvamile aqoshwa ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela futhi ubuchwepheshe bawo bunikeza ithuba lokurekhoda ulwazi kanye kuphela kwezinye izimo futhi kwezinye kungenzeka ukuthi esikhundleni solwazi oludala kufakwe olusha.

I-CD-R/RW drive

Amadrayivu e-CD-R/RW anesibopho sokufunda nokuqopha ulwazi, aphinde abe namandla okubhala kabusha, kalula nje, angababhali bamadiski kabusha be-CD-R/RW.

Isikhala sayo sokugcina sisuka ku-650 kuya ku-900 MB, sishesha ubude besikhathi sokudluliswa kwedatha kudiski, lokhu kuthatha imizuzu kuphela.

IDrayivu ye-DVD-ROM

Ukusekelwa okunikezwa amadrayivu e-DVD-ROM kungu-17 GB womthamo wokugcina, okuyibeka ngaphambi kwedrayivu ye-CD-ROM, ehlanganyela ngayo zonke ezinye izici. (ukufunda, ukuxhumana, ukusebenza).

Umehluko ophawuleka kakhulu kungaba ukuthi ngamadrayivu e-DVD-ROM sinokufinyelela kumsindo wedijithali, okungukuthi, singalalela iDVD ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa ama-headphone, isici esithandekayo uma sikhuluma ngokubuka amafilimu.

I-DVD±R/RW drive

Ngekhwalithi yevidiyo nomsindo iphakeme kunamadivayisi adlule, le drayivu iyakwazi ukufunda, ukurekhoda nokuqopha kabusha amavidiyo, izithombe nemisindo.

Isivinini sokurekhoda sisuka ku-2,4x siye ku-16x, ngamanye amazwi, singaqopha kusuka kumaminithi angu-24 kuya kwangu-6. Iyunithi I-DVD±R/RW kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi ikhiqiza ikhophi yedijithali ephezulu. Umthamo wayo usuka ku-650 MB uye ku-9 GB.

DB drive

Amadrayivu e-BD, abafundi noma amarekhodi, yilawo asebenza ngamadiski e-Blue-ray. Njengamanje, yibo abakhethelwe ukufunda nokuqopha amavidiyo ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu.

Amadiski e-Blue-ray anomthamo wokugcina ongu-20 GB, okuhumushela emahoreni ayisithupha aqhubekayo evidiyo enencazelo ephezulu okuhlanganisa nokulalelwayo.

Lawa mayunithi azibophezele emisha, lapho amadiski alungiselwe khona ukuze ahambisane ne-3D ne-HD, amazinga ekhwalithi yokucaciswa okuphezulu ngaphakathi komhlaba wokulalelwayo nokubonwayo.

Isitoreji se-Magneto-optical

Amadrayivu we-Magneto-optical ayakwazi ukufunda nokubhala kabusha ama-disc ahlanganisa i-optical disc kanye nobuchwepheshe be-floppy disk ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Lawa mayunithi asebenzisa isistimu eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunaleyo eyakhiwe kuphela ngezinto zikazibuthe futhi avumela inani elikhulu lolwazi ukuthi ligcinwe.

I-MiniDisc drive

Idalwe ngo-1992 ngumdondoshiya waseJapan u-Sony (ikakhulukazi), idrayivu ye-MiniDisc ithathe indawo yamakhasethi omculo. Kuyidivayisi ephathekayo ekuvumela ukuthi udlale imisindo.

Ngokufanayo, isebenzisa ukurekhoda kwedijithali ukugcina idatha kudiski encane eyayinomthamo omkhulu ngesikhathi iqala ukuqukatha ngaphezu kwemizuzu engu-70 yomsindo wedijithali.

Amadiski agcina amathrekhi ahleleka kalula futhi adlale ngaphandle kokumisa isikhashana phakathi kwawo. Ngaphakathi kwamadiski kukhona itafula lokuqukethwe elikhombisa ama-audios agciniwe, amelwe igama lengoma noma lomculi.

Ngokuphathelene namanye amayunithi, i-MiniDisc inikeza umsindo ongcono ngokulingana komsindo okuphelele, lokhu kuhambisana nethuba lokushintsha isivinini sokudlala.

zip drive

Umlandeli we-floppy disk, idrayivu ye-Zip eyakhiwe ngo-1994, iyidivayisi yokugcina ekhiphekayo esebenzisa i-disk efana ne-floppy disk ngokuklama nobukhulu, kodwa enomthamo omkhulu kakhulu wokugcina.

Ukuthuthuka kwamakhono ama-hard drive kanye nokuvela kwamanye amadivaysi afana namadrayivu okubhala noma amamemori khadi, kuphendule idrayivu ye-Zip yaba umkhiqizo ongasebenzi nonenzuzo.

Iyunithi yeJazz

Idalwe ngo-1997, le yunithi inenguqulo enomthamo ongu-1GB nenye eno-2Gb. Ngokwesakhiwo, isebenzisa izindlela ezicishe zifane kakhulu nalezo zama-hard drive futhi ngesikhathi yethulwa izici zayo zazifana nalezi zisetshenziswa.

Uphiko lwe-Jaz aluzange lube nempumelelo ebilindelwe abakhiqizi balo, ngenxa yentengo yalo ephezulu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha obuholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. izinhlobo zamathuluzi okugcina namandla azo.

super disk drive

I-SuperDisk noma i-LS-120, eyakhiwe inkampani ye-Imation, inamandla angu-120 no-240 MB. Uhlelo lwayo lusekelwe kuyi-laser ekwazi ukuqondisa ithuluzi eliqophayo lizibuthe kudiski okufanele kugcinwe kulo ulwazi noma eliqukethe idatha ezotholwa.

ISuperDisk yasibekela ukuphumelela kwamadrayivu e-Zip, ngonyaka ka-2000 umkhiqizo awuzange uvuse isithakazelo kubasebenzisi futhi wawunyamalele emakethe.

 I-Orb Drive

I-Orb Drive iyunithi yesitoreji esikhiphekayo eyakhiwe ngo-1999. Inguqulo yokuqala yayinomthamo ongu-2.2 GB, kuyilapho leyo eyathuthukiswa ngo-2001 yayino-5.7 GB.

Nakuba kwakubonakala kuyindlela enhle emhlabeni wekhompiyutha, njengabanduleli bayo, ayizange iphumelele kakhulu ngenxa yamanani aphansi kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe evumela ukukhiqizwa kwamadivayisi okugcina angcono.

isitoreji sesimo esiqinile

Amadrayivu e-Solid-state awanazo izingxenye zemishini, kunalokho asebenzisa ama-transistors ukuze agcine amanani amancane eshaji kagesi. Ngamanye amazwi, akudingeki ukuthi ixhunywe ngokuqhubekayo emandleni kagesi ukuze igcine ulwazi.

Idizayini yale divayisi ayincikile kumadiski amabili nezikhonkwane njengakuma-hard drive, kodwa isebenzisa inkumbulo engaguquki.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amadrayivu okugcina, amadrayivu e-solid-state anikeza ukusebenza okuphezulu, isikhathi esincane sokufuna/ukufunda, futhi kulula ukuya noma yikuphi.

I-Flash Memory Unit

Idalwe ngo-1994 nguFujio Masuoka, inkumbulo ye-flash yawushintsha ngokuphelele umhlaba wokulondoloza. Ukuthuthukiswa kwabadlali bomsindo besimanje, isibonelo, i-iPod, kuphakama ngokufaka inkumbulo ye-flash ohlelweni lwayo.

Ama-MP3, ama-memory cards, ama-USB flash drives noma amakhadi e-microSD ngezinye zezinsiza ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bale yunithi ukufeza imisebenzi yazo.

Imemori ye-Flash ivumela ukufinyelela okusheshayo olwazini, idinga amandla kagesi amancane kakhulu, ayizwani nokushaqeka futhi ingathuthwa ngamadivaysi aphathwayo.

Lawa mayunithi athula ubuchwepheshe obufana nobezinkumbulo ze-RAM, ngenzuzo yokukwazi ukugcina ulwazi isikhathi eside.

Ukuze asetshenziswe emhlabeni wonke, ama-flash drive aklanyelwe ukumelana nezinga lokushisa elisukela ku--25°C kuya ku-85°C.

iyunithi yememori khadi

Kuyithuluzi le-peripheral okokufaka nokukhiphayo, lingaxhunywa ngezimbobo ze-USB noma lifakwe kumadivayisi afana namaphrinta, amakhompyutha, ama-DVD, phakathi kokunye.

Ngokuya ngomklamo wabo, abafundi bememori khadi baxhumana nohlobo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwamakhadi (abafundi abaningi), laba bazokwazi ukufunda amakhadi angaphezu kwama-5 kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni.

Amanye amamemori khadi awadingi abafundi noma ama-adaptha ukufinyelela ulwazi lwawo, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi angaxhumeka ngqo embotsheni ye-USB.

Imemori ye-USB

Amadrayivu e-USB flash, abuye aziwe ngokuthi ama-PenDrives, angamadivayisi okugcina aqinile anamandla asuka ku-1GB kuya ku-1TB.

Amadrayivu epeni asephenduke imishini yokugcina esetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla ukuthutha idatha isuka endaweni eyodwa iye kwenye. Ekuqaleni yakhelwe ukuvikela amadokhumenti, lezi zinkumbulo ziyakwazi ukusingatha izinhlelo, amavidiyo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.

Uma uthanda, idatha equkethwe kulezi zinkumbulo ingarekhodwa futhi isulwe izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane, kuyilapho isikhathi sokugcinwa kolwazi cishe iminyaka engu-20.

Isitoreji samafu

Un idivayisi yokugcina ebonakalayo, ingeyodwa ekuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze ulwazi ngenethiwekhi (I-inthanethi). Ibonakala ngokusebenzisa inguqulo ebonakalayo yezinsiza ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe.

Isitoreji esibonakalayo silethwa ngezindlela ezintathu, isofthiwe njengesevisi, ngokuvamile eletha izinhlelo zokusebenza ngesiphequluli sewebhu futhi abasebenzisi abangenakho ukulawula okuphelele.

Futhi, sinenkundla njengesevisi, eyenziwe ngamasistimu, amakhodi noma izingxenye ezilungiselelwe ngaphambilini futhi ezilungele ukujoyina amathuluzi athile obuchwepheshe, isibonelo, iseva yewebhu.

Okokugcina, sithola ingqalasizinda njengesevisi, le ndlela inikeza insizakalo emisiwe yokugcina okulula kuwebhu. Igxilisa amaseva, izixhumanisi, nezinye izinhlelo ukuze isingathe imithwalo yomsebenzi.

Yazi ngokujulile yonke into ehlobene ne-cloud computing, ukuthi ziyini, ukuthi ziyini izisekelo zazo nokunye, singena esihlokweni sethu, Yini i-cloud computing?

Ukubuyiselwa Kolwazi

Uma ulwazi olugciniwe lususwa ngephutha noma idivayisi eluqukethe lwehluleka, kusivimbela ukuthi silufinyelele, ukubuyiselwa kwedatha kubaluleka.

Namuhla, inqubo yokubuyisela yenzeka ngezindlela ezilula njengokusetshenziswa kwamakhophi (izipele) zolwazi lwangempela, olugcinwe kwamanye amadivaysi noma izinhlelo ezifana ne-Linux ne-Unix. Ngokunjalo, kunezinkampani nabantu abazinikele ekubuyiseni ulwazi.


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