Abantu abaningi abanokukhubazeka kokubona baye baba nesidingo sokuba nomngane othembekile ozobaqondisa endleleni yabo yokwenza kangcono imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke, okumele kube inja eqondisayo noma eqondisayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kulesi sihloko uzokwazi konke okuhlobene ne-Best Breeds of Guide Dogs ekhona nokuningi. Sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda.
Qondisa Izinja Zezinja
Uma kuziwa ekuqondiseni izinhlobo zezinja, abantu abaningi bacabanga kuphela ngeyodwa, i-retriever. Lokhu kungenxa yokulula kokuqeqeshwa kwakhe kanye nokuziphatha kwakhe kobungane kakhulu nomnikazi wakhe kanye nabanye. Njengamanje, kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokuqeqesha izinja zezinye izinhlobo, ngisho nama-mongrels nama-strays, ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ezimbili zomphakathi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhetha izinja ezindlini nasezindlini zokukhosela izilwane nokuziqeqeshela ukusiza abantu abanakho konke ukukhubazeka, okuhlanganisa nangokwengqondo.
I-Golden Retriever
Iwuhlobo lwenja olwavela muva nje futhi lwavela e-United Kingdom cishe ngo-1850. Kodwa-ke, izingxube ezenziwe ukuze kutholwe lolu hlobo azikaziwa. Ngenxa yezici zenja, ungabheja ukuthi kukhona izakhi zofuzo ze-bloodhound ne-spaniel phakathi kokhokho bayo abayenze yaba umngane wokuzingela omuhle kakhulu ngamakhono ayo okulandelela. Umdali wayo kwakunguLord Tweedmouth, umzingeli oshisekayo wezinyoni zasemanzini. Uthando lwakhe njengomzingeli lwadlula kuphela ukuzinikela kwakhe ezinjeni zokuzingela.
Kunomehluko othile phakathi kwamalungu alolu hlobo lwezinja eziqondisayo zaseBrithani, ezivamile eYurophu nase-Australia, kanye nalezo zohlobo lwaseMelika, futhi lo mehluko ubonakala emazingeni ohlobo. Lolu hlobo lunamathambo amakhulu, luncane, lunekhanda elingu-angular, futhi umlomo wombhobho uvame ukuba lula kancane. I-American Line Dogs ivamise ukuba namehlo azo aqhelelene kakhulu kune-British Line Dogs futhi angabonakala enqanyuliwe futhi engunxantathu.
Umdlwane waseBrithani angase abe nejazi elinombala wegolide noma ukhilimu. Ekuqaleni ukhilimu wawungewona umbala owamukelekayo ngezindinganiso zaseBrithani, kodwa phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule iphethini yashintshwa ukuze ihlanganise ukhilimu. Lokhu kukhishwa kutholakale kungalungile futhi i-Yellow Retriever yasekuqaleni yekhulunyaka ye-XNUMX yayilula ngombala kunokwamukelwa yizindinganiso. Izikimu zaseBrithani zisetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazwe ngaphandle kwe-United States neCanada.
Umhlobo waseMelika uvame ukuthule futhi ube mude kuneBritish. Ngokuvamile, inejazi eliminyene futhi elingenakunyakaziswa, ngemibala ehlukene yegolide elikhanyayo, ingaba bushelelezi noma i-wavy kancane. Ijazi ngokuvamile limnyama ngaphandle futhi lilula ngaphakathi. Isinyathelo sakho kufanele sibe mahhala, sibe noketshezi, sibe namandla futhi sihlanganiswe kahle. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zilahlekelwa izinwele unyaka wonke futhi ikakhulukazi lapho izinkathi zonyaka zishintsha. Kunconywa ukuxubha izinwele zakhe okungenani kanye ngesonto ukususa zonke izinwele ezifile, okwenza ingubo yakhe ibe mnandi kakhulu futhi icwebezele.
Abesilisa abadala ngokuvamile bangama-56-61 cm ubude futhi banesisindo esingu-31-36 kg, abesifazane bafushane ngo-51-56 cm futhi banesisindo esingama-27-31 kg. Umsila kwabesilisa uhluka phakathi kuka-45 no-50 cm, kanti kwabesifazane uhluka phakathi kuka-40 no-45 cm. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela indlela ezidla ngayo, ngoba ngokuvamile kuyabiza ukwenza lezi zinja zehlise isisindo. Iyinja enobungane, enobungane futhi enokwethenjelwa, ayinalo ulaka kubantu nakwezinye izinja. Kodwa uma eqaphela ukuthi ukuphila kwakhe noma okomkhaya wakhe kusengozini, uyokuvikela uma kudingeka.
Lawa malungu ohlobo lwezinja eziqondisayo angabangane abahle futhi abathanda izingane. Kulula kakhulu ukuqeqesha, ngenxa yobuhlakani babo kanye nemvelo ezolile bayadlala kakhulu futhi lapho ukuqeqeshwa kuba umdlalo kulula kakhulu ukwenza kanjalo. Zihlakaniphe kakhulu, yingakho zivame ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye yezinhlobo zezinja eziqondisayo, izinja zokuhlenga, izinja zomtshina kanye nezinja zokwelashwa kwezenhlalo ngoba zizwela kakhulu imizwa.
Umalusi waseJalimane
Eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule lolu hlobo lwavela eJalimane, ngenxa yokuzalaniswa kwezinja ezazikwazi ukuvikela imihlambi yezimvu ezimpisini. Ngokomlando, uMaximilian von Stephanitz uqashelwe njengoyise walolu hlobo, futhi u-Horand von Grafath, isilwane esinamandla esinohlamvu oluqinile noboya obumpunga, kwaba yisifanekiso sokuqala esibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni. Kamuva, ngokudalwa kwe-Association of Friends of the German Shepherd, ukukhethwa kwezibonelo iziphambano zazo ezathuthukisa ukubukeka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kwesilwane kwaqala.
Iyinja eqinile ngokomzimba kodwa isashesha kakhulu, inomthethosisekelo omude futhi imihlathi yayo ibonakala ngokukhiqiza amandla angaphezu kuka-200 kg. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zemibala kulolu hlobo lwezinja eziqondisayo, njengemingcele emnyama nensundu, ebomvu nemnyama, kodwa ijazi lazo elimnyama lisabonakala, abaningi abaye balibiza ngoboya obumnyama. Ukuphakama ekubuneni cishe kuyingxenye yemitha, isisindo singama-25-50 kg, ngaphezu kwalokho, banobude bokuphila obungaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10.
Mayelana nempilo yalezi zinja, kubalulekile ukuthi zibe nayo yonke imigomo yazo, ngoba ziyizilwane ezivame ukuba ne-distemper. Njengoba kuvamile ezinjeni ezinkulu, lolu hlobo luvame ukuba ne-hip dysplasia. Kuyinja ewumngane omuhle kakhulu enabantu, ibhalansile futhi kulula ukuyiqeqesha. Ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuxhumana nabantu kufanele kuqale kusukela lapho umdlwane uqala ukungena emndenini.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, badinga ukuzivocavoca ngokuqhubekayo ngoba bawuhlobo olusebenzayo. Lezi zinja zihamba phambili kwezemidlalo ezisiza ukuzigcina ziphilile futhi zilinganisela ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingenye yezinhlobo zezinja ezithandwa kakhulu, eziguquguqukayo nezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ezivelele njengesisebenzi esizelwe, esithandana nomndeni, umnakekeli omuhle kakhulu, isilwane sokuhlenga, isiguli kanye nomvikeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonisa ukuthi kuyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sezinhlobo zezinja eziqondisayo, ngenxa yesibindi sayo, ukuhlakanipha, ukulahla kanye nokwethembeka.
Kuyancomeka ukuthi uyigeze ngensipho engathathi hlangothi noma ngeshampoo, futhi uqinisekise ukudla okunempilo, uqiniseke ukuthi ayidli ngokweqile ngenxa yengozi yokuthi lolu hlobo luhlaselwe izinkinga zesisu okuthi uma zingaphathwa ngendlela efanele, zingabangela isifo sohudo esingapheli. Ukuxubha nsuku zonke kuyadingeka ukuze kuvinjwe izinwele ezifile zingalengi ezithweni nasentanyeni, futhi kugcina ibhantshi lakhe licwebezela, linempilo futhi lilihle. Ukuze uqedele uhlelo lokunakekela, kuyadingeka ukuthi umyise kudokotela wezilwane okungenani kanye ngonyaka ukuze ahlolwe.
Iphinikhodi
Ingenye yezinhlobo zezinja eziye zaba uphawu lwesikhundla esiphakeme emphakathini kusukela ekhulwini le-XNUMX kuze kube namuhla, nakuba manje isisetshenziswa kabanzi njengomunye wezinhlobo zezinja eziqondisayo. Ezaziwa ngejazi lazo eligoqekile, eli-shaggy, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa, ezivame kakhulu ezinkulu, eziphakathi, nezincane. Emakhulwini ayisikhombisa adlule yayiyi-water recovery ngoba yathola inyamazane eyayizingelwa ngaphambili eyayiwele emanzini, njengamadada namadada.
Ngokuqondene nenja ende kunazo zonke, kukholakala ukuthi iwuhlobo lokuqala okwavela kulo ezinye, ngenxa yokuzalanisa ukuze kuncishiswe ubukhulu. Ukuphakama ekubuneni kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-45 kuya ku-60 cm. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungaphawulwa ukuthi banesisindo esingaba ngu-30 kg, kanti lezo ezinobukhulu obuphakathi mhlawumbe zaziwa kancane, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zithule kakhulu. Ilinganisa kusuka ku-36 kuya ku-44 cm ekubuneni futhi, njengabo bonke osayizi, imibala eqinile kuphela eyamukelwa ejazini. Ukwengeza, kukhona into encane ekala phakathi kuka-25 kuya ku-36 cm futhi ifana nemaphakathi ngokubukeka kwayo ngokomzimba.
Ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, amehlo nezindlebe kufanele kuhlanzwe njalo. Ukunakekelwa kwejazi kubalulekile kulolu hlobo, ngakho kufanele kugezwe nge-shampoo yenja njalo ngenyanga. Ukunakekelwa kwayo kufanele kucophelele kakhulu, ngoba ingathandeka kalula ngenxa yobukhazikhazi bayo obugoqekile, obuwuvolo kanye nobugqinsi. Kumele zixutshwe njalo ngesonto, ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kusetshenziswe isomisi sezinwele futhi akufanele neze sivezwe emoyeni. Ziyizinja ukuthi ngemva koshintsho oluyinhloko kusuka ku-puppy kuya komuntu omdala cishe azilahlekelwa izinwele futhi ziyi-hypoallergenic.
Lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo zezinja eziqondisayo lubonakala ngobuhlakani, uthando nokwethembeka, lezi yizimfanelo ezichaza ubuntu nobuntu balezi zinja. Naphezu kokubukeka kwakhe kobukhosi, unohlangothi lokudlala, uthanda ukuxhumana nabanikazi bakhe, ngokuvamile unobungane kakhulu nabantu, futhi uthanda ukujabulisa njalo. Hlanganisa ubuhlakani bakhe benganekwane nokuhlalisana kwakhe nomphumela uba inja eqeqesheka kakhulu, elungele ukuba yinja eqondisayo.
ILabrador Retriever
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinja eziqondisayo, okuthandwa yilesi silwane semvelaphi yaseBrithani kuvame kakhulu. Nakuba abacwaningi abaningi bebeka umsuka wayo eCanada, ngenxa yokuthi omunye wokhokho bayo oqondile kwakungowaseCanada, omunye wokhokho bayo naye okukholelwa ukuthi uyinja yaseCastro Laboreiro (isiPutukezi). Kodwa njengoba lolu hlobo lusabalele kulo lonke elase-Great Britain, lubhekwa njengomama we-Labrador Retriever futhi ngenxa yalokho lubhaliswe ezenzweni ze-Cinological Federation.
Lolu hlobo lwenja eqondisayo lwafika eNgilandi ekhulwini lesibili leminyaka le-XNUMX. Amatilosi nabazingeli bawela le nja ethanda amanzi nabaqoqi bamaNgisi bangaleso sikhathi. Lawa maNgisi ayengazi ukuthi le nja yesikhathi esizayo yayizoba uhlobo oludumile lokuzingela nomngane emhlabeni. Ngekhulu le-XNUMX, abadobi esiqhingini saseNewfoundland basebenzisa uhlobo lwenja ukuze babasize ngomsebenzi wabo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye zalezi zifanekiso zazizothola indlela eya e-UK.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibhekwa njengohlobo lwezinja ezizingelayo ngenxa yemvelo yayo namandla. Naphezu kwalokhu, namuhla lesi silwane sithandwa kakhulu ngabantu emisebenzini engahlangene neyokuqala, isibonelo, ukuba yingxenye yezinhlobo zezinja eziqondisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi inja enempilo kufanele ibe nokudla okwanele futhi ihlale isesimweni futhi ingakhuluphali, ukugwema ingozi yokuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa i-hip dysplasia noma ezinye izinkinga ezihlangene nesifo sikashukela. Futhi, isisindo esifanele salezi zinja siphakathi kwama-36 nama-46 kg.
Enye imfanelo ephawulekayo ukuthi bayabathanda abantu ngoba lapho bechitha isikhathi esiningi nabo, bayoba nenjabulo eyengeziwe. Ngokuhambisana nemigqa efanayo, ziyizinja ezisebenzisanayo, ezizokuvumela ukuthi uthole izinto eziphonswe endlini yakho. Ngokuvamile banesineke kubanikazi abamangalisayo nezilwane ezifuywayo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lena akuyona inja yonogada. Bangase bakhonkothe ukuze banikeze isexwayiso, kodwa ngokuvamile ngeke benze ngobudlova. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iwuhlobo lwenja oluhlakaniphe kakhulu futhi oluzwelayo.
Kulula futhi ukuziqeqesha, ngakho umsebenzi wenja eqondisayo uzoba indlela ejabulisayo yokuhlanganyela nayo. Ngokulandelayo, lolu hlobo ludinga ukuzivocavoca okuningi, okugcizelelwa ngoba kuthanda ukudla. Ngakho-ke ukuqiniseka ukuthi bathola ukuqeqeshwa, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokunakekelwa kuyisihluthulelo senja ejabule, enempilo, nenempilo enhle. Ingenye ewusizo kakhulu kubantu ngoba abazona nje izilwane ezifuywayo, kodwa kubantu abaningi ibalulekile empilweni yabo yansuku zonke njengenja yesevisi.
Ibhokisi
Ingolunye lwezinhlobo zezinja eziqondisayo nezisebenzayo, ezidabuka eJalimane futhi ezinobukhulu obujwayelekile. Izici zayo ezingokomzimba zihlanganisa ikhanda eliqinile elinomlomo we-prognathic ngaphansi, ukucindezela komhlathi okuvame ukuba ngu-120 kg, inekhala elinesici esimnyama esimnyama futhi, ngokujwayelekile, umzimba oqinile. Inejazi elifushane, elicwebezelayo futhi elibushelelezi, elimnyama ngombala kanti kwezinye izimo linamabala amhlophe. Ukuphakama ekubuneni kungama-cm angama-60 futhi isisindo sayo esijwayelekile singamakhilogremu angama-28.
Ngenxa yobuqhawe bakhe, amandla namandla akhe, wakhethwa njengenja yamaphoyisa, esetshenziswa njengenye yezinhlobo zezinja eziqondisayo, kanye nokuba yilungu lomnyango womlilo ngenxa yokuzwa kwakhe ukuhogela okukhulu kanye nesibindi sakhe ezinhlekeleleni ezinkulu. Kuyinja eqotho, ehlakaniphile futhi eqaphile, ngaphandle kokungabaza enye yezinja eziphelele kakhulu ezikhona. Uthobekile futhi unokwethembeka okungenakuqhathaniswa emkhayeni wakhe, ayowuvikela kunoma yikuphi usongo alubonayo. Njengoba zikhula, lezi zinja zidinga ukuzivocavoca ukuze zihlale ziqinile futhi zakhe imisipha. Kanye nokudla okufanele.
Kutuswa ukuqeqeshwa kusukela zisencane, njengoba ngokuvamile lezi zilwane zinobuntu obuqinile, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuziqeqesha lapho sezikhulile. Bayadlala kakhulu, ngakho-ke abathandi ukuvalelwa, bancamela ukuba ngaphandle, ngakho-ke kufanele uhambe nabo njalo futhi wenze ukuvivinya umzimba nabo. Futhi ziyizinja ezinekhono elikhulu lokufunda ngakho-ke zingenye yezinhlobo zezinja ezinconyiwe.
Ziqeqeshwa kanjani izinhlobo zezinja eziqondisayo?
Ngokuyinhloko, umsebenzi walezi zinja "ukuba amehlo alabo abangaboni", futhi ngenxa yalokhu kufanele baqeqeshe kanzima cishe iminyaka emibili. Izinja ezibukayo azizona izilwane ezifuywayo ezivamile, kodwa ziqeqeshelwe ukudlala indima ethile. Inqubo iqala kudala ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwesilwane, imidlwane ehlanzekile ikhethwa ezindaweni zokuzalanisa. Lapho sezinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala futhi zingasanceli, zigonywa ngendlela efanele bese zidedelwa ezindlini zokutholwa, lapho imikhaya yamavolontiya zibanakekela khona.
Ngalesi sikhathi, abaphathi bavakashela njalo emakhaya futhi baqinisekise ukuthi isilwane siphathwa kahle nokuthi sinakho konke esikudingayo. Le nhlangano ibahlinzeka ngokudla nokunakekelwa kwezilwane, okuhlanganisa nokukhipha inja ukuvimbela izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwayo. Ngemuva konyaka, sebevele benekhono lokufunda imisebenzi yabo futhi baqale ukuqeqeshwa, ngakho-ke babuyela esisekelweni futhi kufanele bajwayele ukwabelana ngezimpilo zabo nabanye abantu.
Umndeni wokutholwa ungacebisa ngokuthuthuka kwezilwane zakhe zangaphambili, umvakashele futhi uthole ukuthi uzozuza bani lapho eqeda ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe. Inqubo yokuqeqesha ibanzi, cishe iminyaka emibili ilinganiselwa futhi nakuba inzima, ayimeleli ukuhlupheka kwesilwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungavezwa ukuthi uma kwenzeka inja izwela kakhulu ekukhuthazeni imvelo njengomsindo, ezinye izinja noma abantu, ngeke ikhethwe njengenja yokusiza.
Izinhlobo zezinja eziqondisayo kufanele zikwazi ukusiza umnikazi wazo ukuwela imigwaqo yomphakathi, ukusebenzisa izinto zokuhamba, ukungena eminyango, ukusebenzisa izitebhisi, ukugwema ngaso sonke isikhathi noma iyiphi into ezivimbela ukuba ziqhubeke endleleni. Ukubekezela kubalulekile kubafundisi njengoba kuhlale kukhona abadinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokufunda. Lapho unquma ukuthi inja isikulungele ukuqala umsebenzi wokuqondisa, isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukuthola umuntu ofanelekayo. Ubani ozokhethwa ngokusekelwe esilwaneni, kucatshangelwa usayizi, isisindo, isivinini sokuhamba, isinyathelo, imisebenzi, phakathi kwezinye izici.
Uma usithandile lesi sihloko esithi Guide Dog Breeds futhi ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezinye izihloko ezithakazelisayo, ungabheka izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: