Izinhlobo Zezinkawu, Amagama, Izinhlobo Neziningi

Wake wazibuza ukuthi zingaki amakilasi noma izinhlobo zezinkawu ezikhona emhlabeni? Hhayi-ke, impendulo yalowo mbuzo iyamangalisa, ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkawu, eziningi kangangokuthi kukhona ngisho nezinga labahle kakhulu, ababi kakhulu, abanobungane kakhulu ngisho nalabo abanokuziphatha okuxakile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, sikumema ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko, ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana namakilasi abo, amagama, izici, amasiko nokunye.

izinhlobo-zezinkawu-1

Izinkawu

Ziningi izinhlobo zezinkawu, kodwa sizoqala ngokuthi ziyizilwane ezincelisayo, kanye nezinkawu ze-infraorder Simiiformes. Leli gama yilo elisetshenziswa ngokuchazayo ukubhekisela emaqenjini ezinkawu, ngaphandle kokuba noma yikuphi ukuhlobana ukuthi ziyizinkawu zezwe elisha noma imindeni yezinkawu zezwe elidala.

Kujwayelekile ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkawu ezihlala ezihlahleni, nakuba kunezinhlanga ezihlala phansi, njengoba kwenzeka ngezimfene. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinkawu nazo ziyizilwane ze-diurnal, okusho ukuthi zisebenza emini. Izinkawu ngokuvamile zichazwa njengezilwane ezihlakaniphile, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezinkawuni zezwe elidala.

Amalori, ama-galago kanye nama-lemur akuzona izinhlobo zezinkawu, nakuba ziyizilwane ezinomsindo. Ngomqondo ofanayo nezinkawu, ama-tarsi angamaprimate; kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi bayizinkawu. Izinkawu, okuhlanganisa nezimfene, zihlukile kwezinye izinkawu ngoba ezinsikazi zinezingono ezisesifubeni ezimbili kuphela, abesilisa banomthondo okhungathekile futhi abanamadevu ezinzwa.

Izinhlobo Nezinhlobo

Ngenxa yencazelo edlule, manje sesiyazi ukuthi akuzona zonke izinkawu esingazibona ziyinkawu. Ukuze umfundi abe nolwazi oluthile lokuthi yiziphi izinhlanga zama-primates, sikulethela uhlu olunemininingwane yezinhlobo zezinkawu ezaziwa kakhulu ezikhona emhlabeni.

Imfene yePygmy Marmoset

Ezinhlotsheni zezinkawu, i-pygmy marmoset monkey (Cebuella pygmaea) iwuhlobo oluncane olutholakala emhlabeni omusha futhi ludabuka emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo emaphethelweni asentshonalanga ye-Amazon eNingizimu Melika. Lolu uhlobo lwenkawu olubonakala ngokuba luncane kakhulu futhi lungenye yezilwane ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ezinesisindo esingamagremu angu-100, okungama-ounces angu-3,5.

izinhlobo-zezinkawu-2

Imvamisa indawo yayo ingaba semahlathini aluhlaza, ikakhulukazi osebeni lwemifula futhi, nakuba kungase kubonakale kuxakile, ukudla kwayo kuqondile kakhulu, ngoba iyadla, okusho ukuthi idla isihlahla senjoloba, eyaziwa nangokuthi irabha. umuthi.

Cishe u-83% wabantu be-pygmy marmoset bahlala ngamaqembu azinzile akhiwe abantu ababili kuya kwabayisishiyagalolunye, okuhlanganisa i-alpha noma owesilisa ovelele, owesifazane osebenza njengenzalo kanye namalitha amane alandelanayo enzalo. Ukuvumelana okuvamile kweqembu elizinzile elijwayelekile abantu abayisithupha. Lokho kusho ukuthi lolu hlobo lwenkawu luthanda ukuba nobudlelwane futhi abanye bangase bengeze ngokuthi bathanda ukuphila komndeni.

Kuyiqiniso ukuthi amaqembu amaningi akhiwe amalungu omkhaya owodwa, kodwa kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi avulekele ukufaka ilungu elilodwa noma amabili abantu abadala. I-pygmy marmoset ihlukaniswe ngokwehlukile kuma-marmosets ajwayelekile, amaningi awo afakwe ohlotsheni lwe-Callithrix ne-Mico. Ngaleso sizathu, ama-marmoset e-pygmy anohlobo lwawo, i-Cebuella, etholakala phakathi komndeni wakwaCallitrichidae.

I-International Union for Conservation of Nature izihlukanisa phakathi kwesilinganiso sokuthi Okungakhathazeki Kancane, phakathi kwezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala, njengoba zihlala ndawonye nezinkinga ezimbalwa kulo lonke uhla lwazo futhi azikho engozini yokushabalala ngokushesha. . Izinsongo zayo ezinkulu zamanje ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ngoba kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwendawo yayo yokuhlala, nokuhweba kwayo njengezilwane ezifuywayo.

inkawu ye-proboscis

Inkawu ye-proboscis (i-Nasalis larvatus) noma inkawu enekhala elide noma inkawu e-nasic, iwuhlobo oluhlala ezihlahleni zezwe lakudala futhi umbala wayo unombala obomvu obomvu, isici sayo esiyinhloko siwukuthi inekhala elingajwayelekile. Iwuhlobo oluhlala kuphela esiqhingini sase-Borneo, ngase-Southeast Asia.

izinhlobo-zezinkawu-3

Le nkawu iwuhlobo olukhulu, ngakho ingenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ezitholakala ezwekazini lase-Asia. Eqinisweni, izimbangi kuphela i-macaque yaseTibet kanye nama-langurs amaningana ampunga ngosayizi.

Imibono lapho ukwelulwa okukhulu kwekhala layo kusekelwe khona iphakamisa ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi ihlanganisa ukukhangwa ngokocansi okuthonya ukukhethwa kwabesifazane, abathanda kakhulu abesilisa abangakwazi ukwenza iphimbo elinamandla noma elijulile, kanye ne-The usayizi wekhala utholwa ngokukhuphula ivolumu yocingo lwakho.

I-dimorphism yobulili, noma umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane kulolu hlobo ugcizelelwa kulolu hlobo. Abesilisa banekhanda nomzimba ubude obungamasentimitha angama-66 kuye kwangama-76.2, okungama-intshi angama-26.0 kuye kwangama-30.0, futhi ngokuvamile anesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-16 kuye kwangama-22.5, okumelela amakhilogremu angama-35 kuye kwangama-50, nakuba isisindo sawo esiphezulu esaziwayo singamakhilogremu angu-30. , cishe amakhilogremu angu-66.

Izinsikazi zinobude obusuka ku-53,3 kuya ku-62 amasentimitha, noma okufanayo, ama-intshi angu-21,0 kuya ku-24,4, okuhlanganisa ukunwetshwa kwekhanda nomzimba futhi angaba nesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-7 kuya ku-12. , cishe amakhilogremu angu-15 kuya kwangu-26, kodwa izibonelo bathole ukuthi babe nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-15, noma cishe amakhilogremu angu-33. Kodwa i-dimorphism eyisici esikhulu kunazo zonke itholakala ekhaleni elikhulu noma esiqwini esinabesilisa kuphela, futhi engadlula amasentimitha angu-10,2, noma ama-intshi angu-4,0, ubude futhi ingalenga ngaphansi komlomo.

Imfene ye-capuchin enobuso obumhlophe

Inkawu ye-capuchin enobuso obumhlophe (i-Cebus imitator), iphinde yathola igama le-capuchin enekhanda elimhlophe lasePanama noma i-capuchin enobuso obumhlophe baseMelika Ephakathi, iwuhlobo lwenkawu oluphakathi nendawo futhi, ngegama layo, sesizokwazi kakade lokho. ungowokuzalwa ezweni elisha. Ingowomndeni wakwaCebidae, umndeni omncane wakwaCebinae.

izinhlobo-zezinkawu-4

Itholakala emahlathini ase-Central America, futhi iwuhlobo olufaneleka kakhulu ku-ecology yamahlathi ngenxa yeqhaza abalibambayo ekusakazeni imbewu kanye nempova.

Ingenye yezinkawu ezaziwa kakhulu, ngoba i-capuchin yasePanama enobuso obumhlophe iyisithombe esivamile senkawu ehambisana nomshini wokugaya isitho. Ngenxa yesinema, lolu hlobo lwenkawu seludume kakhulu kwabezindaba, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika, ngenxa yokuvela kwalo ochungechungeni lwamafilimu iPirates of the Caribbean.

Iwuhlobo lwenkawu ehlakaniphe kakhulu futhi eqeqeshelwe ukusiza abakhubazekile. Kuyisilwane esiphakathi nendawo, esingaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-3,9, okungamakhilogremu angu-8,6. Umzimba wayo omningi umnyama, kodwa ubuso bayo bubomvana kanti umkhathi omkhulu ongaphambili womzimba wayo umhlophe, yingakho igama layo elijwayelekile.

Inomsila we-prehensile ovame ukugcina umzimba ugoqekile futhi uwusebenzisele ukuzisiza lapho idla ngaphansi kwegatsha lesihlahla. Endaweni yayo yemvelo, inkawu ye-capuchin enobuso obumhlophe inezinto eziningi ezihlukahlukene, njengoba ingahlala ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamahlathi.

Ukudla kwabo nakho kungahlukahluka kakhulu, ngoba kungafaka izithelo, ezinye izinto zezitshalo, izilwane ezingenamgogodla kanye nezilwane ezinomgogodla ezincane. Ihlala ngamaqembu angadlula abantu abangu-20, okuhlanganisa kokubili iduna nezinsikazi, futhi iyisilwane esithanda ukuba nabantu abaningi.

Imfene

Izimfene ziyizinhlobo zezinkawu noma izimfene eziyingxenye ye-Papio, okungenye yezinhlobo ezingu-23 zezinkawu ze-Old World. Amagama avamile ezinhlobo ezinhlanu zezimfene yi-hamadryas, iGuinea, ebizwa nangokuthi intshonalanga nebomvu, umnqumo, ophuzi, ne-chacma. Ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo ludabuka endaweni eyodwa kwezinhlanu ezithile zase-Afrika.

Kodwa imfene i-hamadryas nayo idabuka ezingxenyeni ezithile zeNhlonhlo Yase-Arabia, futhi iphakathi kwezilwane ezinkulu ezingezona i-hominid. Kunobufakazi bokuba khona kwezimfene ezasukela eminyakeni okungenani eyizigidi ezimbili. Amaduna ama-hamadryas imfene anemikhombe emikhulu emhlophe. I-dimorphism yobulili phakathi kwezimfene ingabonakala ekuhlukeni kobukhulu, umbala, nokukhula kwamazinyo e-canine phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa.

Umehluko obonakalayo ngobukhulu nesisindo ungabonakala phakathi kwezinhlobo zemfene. Encane kunazo zonke, okuyimfene ye-Guinea, ingamasentimitha angama-50, noma ama-intshi angu-20, ubude futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-14 kuphela, okungamakhilogremu angu-31, kuyilapho enkulu kunazo zonke, okuyimfene yaseChacma, inesandiso esingafika kumasentimitha angu-120. , cishe amasentimitha angu-47, ubude nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-40, okungamakhilogremu angaba ngu-88.

Zonke izinhlobo zezimfene zinemifinya emide efana neyenja, imihlathi yazo inzima futhi inamandla, inamazinyo e-canine abukhali kakhulu, amehlo avaliwe, isikhumba sazo sinzima kakhulu, ngaphandle kwendawo yekhala, imisila yabo mifishane. futhi banohlobo lwamaphedi esikhumba angenabo izinwele futhi angenazo imizwa ezinqeni eziphumela ngaphandle, abizwa ngokuthi ama-ischial calluses, inhloso yawo iwukubanikeza induduzo enkulu lapho behlezi.

UMandrel

I-mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) iyinkawu. Ingowomndeni wezinhlobo zezinkawu ezisuka ezweni elidala (Cercopithecidae), ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbili ezakha uhlobo lweMandrillus. Ekuqaleni i-mandrill yathola ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kwezimfene, iyifaka phakathi kohlobo lwePapio, kodwa namuhla inohlobo lwayo, iMandrillus. Nakuba ziveza ukufana nezimfene, lezi zikha phezulu, njengoba zihlobene ngokuqondile nemindeni yamaCercocebus.

Indawo yokuhlala yaseMandrill iseningizimu yeCameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea kanye neCongo. Ngokungcono, ama-mandrill ahlala emahlathini ashisayo. Ziyizilwane ezithanda ukuhlangana futhi zihlala ngamaqembu amakhulu kakhulu.

izinhlobo-zezinkawu-5

Ukudla kwezimfene kuyi-omnivorous, ngakho-ke zidla izithelo nezinambuzane. Isikhathi sokukhwelana singonyaka futhi iphuzu laso elibaluleke kakhulu lenzeka phakathi kwezinyanga zikaJulayi kuya kuSepthemba, okuyisikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu sokuzalwa phakathi kwezinyanga zikaZibandlela no-April. Ama-Mandrill yizinhlobo zezinkawu ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngeshwa uhlobo olusohlwini lwabasengozini yi-IUCN.

Ijazi le-mandrill liluhlaza okotshani omnqumo noma mpunga ngokumnyama, linamabhande aphuzi namnyama, futhi isisu sayo simhlophe. Ubuso bayo abunabo uboya futhi inekhala elide elinezici eziyenza ibonakale kakhulu, njengomugqa obomvu owehla phakathi nendawo kanye nama-ridge aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezinhlangothini. Unamakhala nezindebe ezibomvu, intshebe yakhe iphuzi, unemicu emhlophe.

I-Geoffroy's Spider Monkey

I-Geoffroy's spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi), nayo ibhapathiziwe ngegama lenkawu yesicabucabu esinesandla esimnyama. Kuwuhlobo lwezinkawu zesicabucabu, ezitholakala emhlabeni omusha, ikakhulukazi eMelika Ephakathi, izingxenye zaseMexico futhi cishe ingxenye encane yaseColombia.

Kunezinhlobo okungenani ezinhlanu ezaziwayo zalezi zinhlobo zezinkawu. Ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene bahlukanisa inkawu yesicabucabu esinekhanda elimnyama (A. fusciceps), eyatholakala ePanama, eColombia, nase-Ecuador, njengesohlobo olufanayo nenkawu yesicabucabu sikaGeoffroy. Ingenye yezinkawu ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni omusha, ngokuvamile enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-9, okungamakhilogremu angu-20.

Isici salolu hlobo lwenkawu ukuthi ubude bezingalo zayo bude kakhulu kunemilenze yayo, futhi umsila wayo we-prehensile unamandla okusekela sonke isisindo sesilwane, njengoba usisebenzisa njengesitho esengeziwe. Izandla zakhe zinesithupha nje, kodwa uneminwe emide, enamandla kakhulu, ehuge.

izinhlobo-zezinkawu-6

Lezi zimo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ziye zavumela lolu hlobo lwenkawu ukuba lunyakaze ngokushwibeka ngenxa yezingalo zayo ngaphansi kwamagatsha ezihlahla. Izinkawu zesicabucabu zikaGeoffroy ziyathanda ukuhlangana, zihlala ngamaqembu angaba namalungu aphakathi kuka-20 no-42.

Ziyizilwane ezidla inyama yonke, ngoba ukudla kwazo empeleni kwakhiwa izithelo ezivuthiwe futhi zidinga izindawo ezinkulu zehlathi ukuze ziphile. Ihlukaniswa yi-IUCN njengohlobo olusengozini yokushabalala, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa izindawo ezinkulu zendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, iye yazingelwa futhi yabanjwa ukuze kuhwetshwe ngayo njengezilwane ezifuywayo.

i-tamarin enamadlebe amhlophe

I-marmoset enezindlebe ezimhlophe (Plecturocebus donacophilus), nayo ibhapathiziwe ngegama le-Bolivian titi noma i-Bolivian huicoco. Iwuhlobo lwe-marmoset, uhlobo lwenkawu Yezwe Elisha, edabuka empumalanga yeBolivia kanye nendawo esentshonalanga yeBrazil.

Lolu hlobo lwenkawu lunendawo yalo yemvelo endaweni enwebeka empumalanga ukusuka eMfuleni iManique, emnyangweni waseBeni, eBolivia, eningizimu yeRondônia eBrazil. Indawo eseningizimu yohlu lwawo ihlanganisa amahlathi azungeze idolobha laseSanta Cruz de la Sierra.

Ingolunye lwezinhlobo zezinkawu ezinosayizi omaphakathi, zineqolo elimpunga, nakuba ingxenye yazo engezansi inowolintshi futhi inezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezibonakala kakhulu eziphuma ezindlebeni zazo.

izinhlobo-zezinkawu-6

I-diera yayo i-omnivorous, ngoba ukudla kwayo kuqukethe ikakhulukazi izithelo, ezinye izinto zezitshalo kanye nezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Ngokuvamile kuba yizisulu eziyinhloko zezinyoni ezidla inyama, nakuba kwaziwa ukuthi izinkawu nezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu ziyazihlasela. Iwuhlobo oluhlala umuntu oyedwa futhi luhlala ngamaqembu amancane, angakhiwa phakathi kwabantu ababili nabayisikhombisa, abakhiwe abashadikazi kanye nenzalo yabo.

Iqembu ngalinye lomndeni lidinga ukunwetshwa kwamahektha angu-0.5 kuye kwayi-14, okungukuthi, amahektha angu-1.2 kuya kwangu-34.6 endawo yawo yokuhlala, futhi abantu abadala banomculo wezwi oyinkimbinkimbi abakwazi ngawo ukugcina indawo yabo. Okunye okwenziwa yizo ukuthi zijwayele ukuhlanganisa imisila uma zihleli ndawonye noma ziyiqembu. Ama-tamarin anezindlebe ezimhlophe anesikhathi sokuphila esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-25 ekuthunjweni.

inkawu ye-tamarin ene-cotton-top

I-tamarin enekhanda elimhlophe (i-Saguinus oedipus) iyinkawu encane Yezwe Elisha, enesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-0,5, okulingana namakhilogremu angu-1,1. Le nkawu iphila iminyaka efinyelela kwengama-24, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ivamise ukufa lapho ineminyaka engu-13 ubudala. Ingenye yezilwane ezincane kakhulu. I-tamarin ephezulu kakotini ibonakala kalula nge-sagittal crest ende emhlophe, egijima kusukela ebunzini kuya emahlombe ayo.

Indawo yayo isemngceleni wamahlathi ashisayo nasemahlathini asenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeColombia. Ihlala ezihlahleni futhi iwuhlobo lokuziphatha kwansuku zonke. Ukudla kwayo kuyi-omnivorous, ngoba yakhiwe ama-exudates ezinambuzane kanye nezitshalo, futhi i-balancer ye-ecosystem ye-tropical, ngoba omunye wemisebenzi yayo yemvelo ukusabalalisa imbewu endaweni eshisayo.

Lolu hlobo lwenkawu ye-marmoset lubonisa inhlobonhlobo yamasiko omphakathi. Ukuziphatha abakubonisayo emaqenjini abahlala kuwo kuyathakazelisa kakhulu, ngoba ubudlelwano obuqinile bokubusa kwesigaba bungabonwa, lapho imibhangqwana ebusayo kuphela evunyelwe ukuzala.

izinhlobo-zezinkawu-7

Ngokuvamile, insikazi izala amawele futhi isebenzisa ama-pheromones ayo ukuze ezinye izinsikazi eqenjini zingazalani. Lolu hlobo lwezinkawu luye lwacwaningwa kabanzi ngenxa yokuthi kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi linezinga eliphezulu lokunakwa ngokubambisana, futhi kubonakale ukuthi lubonisa ukuziphatha okungalungile nokunenzondo.

Uhlobo lokuxhumana olukhona phakathi kwezinkawu ezinekhanda likakotini lukhethekile kakhulu futhi lubonisa ubufakazi bokuthi zinesakhiwo sohlelo, okube yisici solimi okumele lutholwe. Njengamanje, ngeshwa, ihlukaniswa njengezilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala futhi ingenye yezilwane ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni, njengoba sekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingu-6.000 kuphela zasendle.

corn monkey

I-corn capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella), iphinde yathola amagama e-capuchin ensundu kanye ne-capuchin emnyama. Ingenye yezinhlobo zezinkawu ezizalelwa emhlabeni omusha, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika. Njengoba ucwaningo oluhlukahlukene olwenziwe iminyaka eminingi luye lwabonisa, ingenye yezilwane ezihlala endaweni yazo esakazeke kakhulu kwi-Neotropics.

Muva nje iphinde yahlelwa kabusha, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ama-capuchin anemigqa emnyama, emnyama negolide ayizinhlobo ezihlukene ezakhe uhlobo olusha, oluzungeza i-capuchin yommbila endaweni ekhethekile yomfula wase-Amazon kanye nezindawo ezizungezile.

Lolu hlobo lwe-capuchin luwuhlobo lwe-omnivorous, ngoba ludla kuphela izithelo nezilwane ezingenamgogodla, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zidla izilwane ezincane ezinomgogodla, njengezibankwa namatshwele ezinyoni, nakuba zidla izingxenye zezitshalo.

izinhlobo-zezinkawu-7

Lezi zinhlobo zezinkawu zinendawo yazo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nehlathi elimanzi elishisayo nelishisayo, ihlathi elomile, nehlathi eliphazamisekile noma lesibili. Njengezinye izinhlobo ze-capuchin, ziyizilwane ezithanda ukuzwana, ezihlala kahle ezihlala ngamaqembu abantu abangu-8 kuya ku-15, eholwa i-alpha noma iduna elivelele.

I-corn monkey inamandla kunezinye izinhlobo ze-capuchin, inezinwele ezimahhadla nomsila omude futhi owugqinsi kakhulu. Ubuye abe nenqwaba yezinwele ezinde, eziqinile esiphongweni, ezingadonswa njengohlobo lwewigi. Umbala woboya bayo umpunga ngokunsundu, kodwa esiswini ukhanya kakhulu kunomzimba wayo wonke.

Izandla nezinyawo zenkawu yombila zimnyama. Umsila we-prehensile futhi unamandla kakhulu, njengoba ungasetshenziswa njengesitho esisodwa ukuze ubambelele emagatsheni, njengoba usekela isisindo sawo.

i-marmoset evamile

I-marmoset evamile (i-Callithrix jacchus) ingenye yezinhlobo zezinkawu ezizalelwa emhlabeni omusha. Indawo yayo yemvelo isogwini olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil, ezifundazweni zasePiaui, Paraiba, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Alagoas naseBahia. Ngokukhululwa kwabanye abantu ababethunjiwe, ngokwengxenye ngenhloso futhi ngokwengxenye bengahlosile, lolu hlobo lwezinkawu luye lwandisa ububanzi balo.

Kusukela ngawo-1920 iye yasakazekela eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil, ukubonakala kwayo kokuqala okungalawuleki kwaseRio de Janeiro ngo-1929, lapho iye yabhekwa njengezilwane ezihlaselayo, okwenza kube nokukhathazeka okukhulu ngokungcoliswa kwezakhi zofuzo kwezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo. , njenge-scrub i-marmoset (Callithrix aurita), futhi kwakukhona nokukhathazeka ngokuthi ingase ibe umhlaseli wamatshwele namaqanda ezinyoni.

Ukulandelana kofuzo okuphelele kwe-marmoset yesifazane kwashicilelwa ngoJulayi 20, 2014 futhi kwaba uhlobo lokuqala lwenkawu yomhlaba omusha ukuba nofuzo lwazo olulandelanayo ngokugcwele. Ama-marmosets ajwayelekile awuhlobo lwezinkawu ezincane kakhulu ezinemisila emide ngosayizi wazo.

Abesilisa nabesifazane balingana ngokulinganayo, kodwa abesilisa bakhudlwana. Abesilisa banesilinganiso sokunwetshwa kwamamilimitha angu-188, okungama-intshi angu-7.40; kuyilapho abesifazane benesilinganiso sobude obungamamilimitha angu-185, okungama-intshi angu-7.28. Isisindo sabesilisa singamagremu angama-256 esilingana nama-ounces angu-9.03 ngokwesilinganiso kuyilapho isisindo sabesifazane singamagremu angu-236 esilingana nama-ounces angu-8.32.

Uboya be-marmoset buba nemibala eminingi, ikakhulukazi ehlobene nonsuqu, ompunga, nophuzi. Zinezigaxa ezimhlophe ezindlebeni zazo futhi imisila yazo iveza amabhande noma imigqa. Ubuso babo bunesikhumba esimnyama emakhaleni abo futhi banokukhanya okumhlophe esiphongweni sabo. Uboya bamaphuphu bunsundu futhi buphuzi, kanti isiqu esimhlophe sezindlebe sikhula kamuva.

ibhubesi legolide le-tamarin

I-golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), nayo eye yathola igama le-golden marmoset, iyinkawu encane, ezalwa ezweni elisha, engelomndeni wakwaCallitrichidae. Isuka emahlathini asogwini lwase-Atlantic eBrazil, ngeshwa i-golden lion tamarin iwuhlobo olusengozini yokushabalala.

Indawo lapho ama-specimens alolu hlobo asatshalaliswa khona endle idlulela ezindaweni ezine kulo lonke elaseningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil. Ngokwesaba okukhulu kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi ngokokubalwa kwabantu kwamuva nje, kucatshangwa ukuthi kunezibonelo ezingu-3.200 490 kuphela ezisele endaweni yazo yemvelo futhi kukhona abantu abathunjiwe, lapho kugcinwa khona ama-specimens angaba ngu-150, asakazwa phakathi kwama-zoo angu-XNUMX.

izinhlobo-zezinkawu-8

Le tamarin yebhubesi esagolide yanikezwa lelo gama ngenxa yoboya bayo obukhanyayo ngokubomvu-owolintshi kanye nezinwele ezinde ngaphezu kwalokho ezizungeze ubuso bayo nezindlebe, okuyenza ibe nomhlwehlwe ohlukile. Ubuso bakhe bumnyama futhi akanazinwele. Uboya obusawolintshi obukhanyayo baleli klasi lezinkawu buye banqunywa ukuthi abunayo i-carotenoid, okuyizinhlanganisela ezivame ukukhiqiza imibala esawolintshi egqamile emvelweni.

I-tamarin yegolide iwumjaho omkhulu kunawo wonke weCalitrichinas. Ngokwesilinganiso, zikala cishe amamilimitha angu-261, okulingana amayintshi angu-10.3, futhi zinesisindo esingamagremu angu-620, okulingana namaphawundi angu-1.37. Cishe awukho umehluko wosayizi phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane.

Njengezinhlobo zezinkawu ezivela ezweni elisha, lesi sifanekiso se-tamarin esagolide sine-tegulae, okuyizinzipho ezincane ezinjengezinzipho, esikhundleni sezinzipho eziwungulae noma eziyisicaba, okuyilezo ezitholakala kuzo zonke ezinye izilwane ezimfushane, kuhlanganise nabantu. Ukuba ne-tegulae kuye kwavumela ama-tamarin ukuba abambelele ezinhlangothini zeziqu zesihlahla.

Lezi zilwane ezincane zingakwazi futhi ukuhamba ngama-quadriplegically emagatsheni amancane, ukuhamba, ukugijima noma ukugxuma, okuzinikeza indlela yokunyakaza okufana kakhulu nokwezingwejeje kunezinye izimpungushe.

i-cappuccino ekhalayo

I-capuchin ekhalayo (i-Cebus olivaceus) iyinkawu ye-capuchin yezwe Elisha ehlala ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika. Ingatholakala enyakatho yeBrazil, eGuyana, eFrench Guiana, eSuriname, eVenezuela, futhi mhlawumbe nasenyakatho yeColombia.

izinhlobo-zezinkawu-9

I-genus Cebus ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe be-taxonomist basaphakamisa ukungezwani ekwehlukaneni okuthile okungaphakathi kwalolu hlobo, okunengozi futhi okunempikiswano. I-Cebus olivaceus yaziwa ukuthi ihlala emahlathini amade, ayisisekelo futhi ingahamba amabanga amade phakathi nosuku.

Lezi zilwane ezimfene ziyizinkawu ezinobukhulu obumaphakathi, ezinezimpawu ezihlukile emakhanda azo, futhi zinemilenze emide kancane kunezinye izinhlobo ze-capuchin, ezizivumela ukuba zigxume eziqongweni zezihlahla zamahlathi. Njengakwamanye amakilasi ezinkawu ze-capuchin, ukudla kwazo kuyi-omnivorous, ngoba ukudla kwazo ngokuyisisekelo kwenziwa izithelo, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, ezinye izingxenye zezitshalo futhi, ngezikhathi ezingavamile, izilwane ezincane ezinomgogodla.

Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi lesi sigaba se-capuchin sibhekwa njengesilwane esingakhathazeki kangako yi-IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi sivame ukudliwa izilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye eNingizimu Melika, kusukela kumanqe kuya kwezingwe .

umbusi tamarin

I-emperor tamarin (i-Saguinus imperator), iyisigaba senkawu ye-tamarin, ngokusho kokulandisa, yethiwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi yayifana nombusi waseJalimane uWilhelm II. Indawo yayo iseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Amazon basin, empumalanga yePeru, enyakatho yeBolivia nasezifundeni ezisentshonalanga yeBrazil yase-Acre nase-Amazonas.

Uboya balolu hlobo lwenkawu ye-marmoset bumpunga kakhulu, nakuba bunamabala aphuzi esifubeni. Izandla nemilenze kumnyama nomsila wayo unsundu. Unezinto ezingavamile futhi ukuthi unentshebe ende emhlophe, ehlanganisa amagatsha nhlangothi zombili ngale kwamahlombe akhe.

Lesi silwane sifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angu-23 kuya ku-26, okulingana phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-9 kuya kwangu-10, ngaphezu kwalokho sinomsila omude wamasentimitha angu-35 kuya ku-41,5, okulingana phakathi kwama-intshi angu-13,8 kuya ku-16,3. Zinesisindo esingamagremu angu-500, okungama-ounces angu-18.

I-emperor tamarin ingeyomndeni wakwaCallitrichidae, okuwumndeni wezinkawu zomhlaba omusha. I-Callitrichidae ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili ezijwayelekile zama-marmosets nama-tamarin. Inezinzipho ezinzwaneni nasezandleni ngazinye, kanye namadevu amade, kanti nezinwele ezimhlophe ezicishe zingabonakali zingatholakala esilevini sayo.

Nokho, ngokubukeka i-saguinus imperator inesilevu esimnyama futhi zombili izinwele ezisesifubeni nasesiswini sayo ziyingxube yezinwele ezibomvu, eziwolintshi nezimhlophe. Emhlane wakhe unoboya obunsundu ngokumnyama ngombala. Ubuso bangaphakathi bezingalo nemilenze buwolintshi.

Azara Marikina

Yinkawu yasebusuku yase-Marikiná de Azara (Aotus azarae), eyaziwa nangokuthi inkawu yasebusuku eseningizimu. Imvelaphi yayo isemhlabeni omusha futhi iwuhlobo lwenkawu evela eNingizimu Melika. Indawo yayo isakazwa phakathi kwe-Argentina, iBolivia, iBrazil, iPeru kanye neParaguay. Lolu hlobo luwumuntu oyedwa, futhi isici saso senhlalo ukuthi abesilisa banikeza inani elikhulu lokunakekelwa kwabazali.

Lesi sinongo siqanjwe ngesazi semvelo saseSpain uFélix de Azara. Yize kuwuhlobo olujwayelekile ebusuku, ezinye izinkawu zase-Azara zasebusuku zikhethekile ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezinkawu zasebusuku, ngoba zikwazile ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze zisebenze emini nasebusuku. Lolu hlobo lwezilwane lufakwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN Olubomvu Njengolungakhathazeki Kancane.

Ngenxa yokuntuleka kolwazi ngosayizi womzimba nesisindo sezinkawu zase-Azara zasebusuku, izilinganiso zazo zilinganiselwe kusukela enanini elincane lamasampula asendle. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuye kwaphikiswana ngokuthi ubude obujwayelekile bekhanda nomzimba wensikazi cishe bungamamilimitha angu-341, okulingana amayintshi angu-13.4, kuyilapho ubukhulu bendoda bungamamilimitha angu-346, okulingana nama-intshi angu-13.6.

Isisindo esijwayelekile silinganiselwa ku-1,254 amagremu, okulingana namakhilogremu angu-2.765, ku-Aotus azarae azarae yesilisa; amagremu angu-1,246, okungamaphawundi angu-2.747, kumuntu wesifazane u-Aotus azarae azarae; amagremu angu-1,180, okungamaphawundi angu-2.60, okwendoda i-Aotus azarae boliviensis; kanye namagremu angu-1,230, okulingana namaphawundi angaba ngu-2.71, kowesifazane ku-Aotus azarae boliviensis.

Isikhathi sabo sokukhulelwa siyizinsuku eziyi-133. Iminyaka ephilwa ngayo inkawu yase-Azara ebusuku endaweni yayo yemvelo akwaziwa, kodwa kunenkolelo yokuthi ukuphila kokuthunjwa kwabantu bohlobo lwe-Aotus kufinyelela eminyakeni engaba ngu-20 ubudala.

inkawu ye-mantled howler

Inkawu ekhalayo (i-Alouatta palliata), noma imfene enengubo yegolide, iwuhlobo lwenkawu e-Howler, edabuka eZweni Elisha, ikakhulukazi eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Ingenye yezinhlobo zezinkawu eziye zabonwa futhi zezwakala kakhulu endle eMelika Ephakathi.

Igama layo i-mantle libangelwa izinwele ezinde ezisemaceleni ayo. Lolu hlobo lwenkawu ekhalayo ingenye yezinkawu ezinkulu kunazo zonke eMelika Ephakathi, ngoba kuye kwatholakala ukuthi abesilisa bangaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-9,8, okulingana namakhilogremu angu-22.

Kuye kwasungulwa futhi ukuthi yiyona kuphela inkawu yaseMelika Ephakathi edla amaqabunga amaningi, okuye yakha izinguquko eziningana ezivumela ukugaya lokhu kudla okuthile, ngoba amaqabunga anzima ukugaya futhi anikeze amandla amancane kunawo wonke. okunye ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho i-Howler monkey ichitha isikhathi esiningi sosuku iphumule futhi ilele.

Izinkawu zamaduna ezinezimbobo ze-hyoid zikhulise amathambo e-hyoid, lokhu futhi kusho ukuthi zinethambo elingenalutho eliseduze kakhulu nezintambo zabo zezwi, elivumela ukuthi likhulise umsindo wezingcingo ezenziwa abesilisa, ngenxa yokuthi bathole igama lokukhala.

Ukuhewula yikho okwenza lezi zinkawu zikwazi ukutholana ngaphandle kokumosha amandla azo zinyakaza noma zibe sengozini yengxabano engokomzimba. Ukubukeka kwe-wler egqoke ingubo kufana kakhulu nezinye izinkawu zohlobo lwe-Alouatta, ngaphandle kombala wazo.

Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi isisindo somzimba esimaphakathi senkawu ekhala ingahluka kakhulu ukusuka kubantu ngenani labantu ezindaweni ezihlukene. Ubuchopho benkawu endala inesisindo esingamagremu angu-55.1, okulingana nama-ounces angu-1.94, okuyenza ibe buncane kunobuchopho bezinye izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinkawu ezincane, njenge-capuchin enamakhanda amhlophe.

Imfene ehlanganisiwe ye-marmoset

I-titi monkey ene-collar (Cheracebus torquatus) iwuhlobo noma inhlanganisela ehlobene eduze nezinhlobo ze-titi monkey. Lo muntu ungomunye wezinhlobo zezinkawu zezwe elisha, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika. Mancane kangangokuthi kuye kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi abantu abadala abahlanu balolu hlobo banesisindo esingamagremu angu-1462, nesilinganiso samagremu angu-1410 kuya kwangu-1722.

Ukusabalala kwesilinganiso somzimba wekhanda layo cishe kungamamilimitha angama-290 kuya ku-390 kanti ubude bayo bomsila bungamamilimitha angama-350 kuya ku-400. Zinezinwele ezincane kakhulu ebusweni bazo, zilinganiselwe izinwele ezimhlophe ezimfishane, ezigqagqene esikhumbeni esimnyama. Ayikho i-dimorphism yezocansi kuleli klasi lezinkawu ze-marmoset, nakuba ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi iduna linamazinyo e-canine amade kuneyensikazi.

Uboya baleli klasi lezinkawu ze-marmoset ngokuvamile bubomvu ngokubomvu noma obunsundu ngokumnyama. Umsila wayo unombala omnyama, oxutshwe nezinwele eziningana ezibomvu. Izandla nemilenze yabo inombala omhlophe noma onsundu ngokumnyama.

Lawa mathunzi oboya ahluke kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezincane, anomugqa noma ibhande lezinwele ezimhlophe ezisakazeka zisuka esifubeni ziye phezulu futhi zilandele intamo, zidlulele ezindlebeni.

Lesi sandiso ezindlebeni sibonakala njengomucu wombala ofiphele ku-Callicebus torquatus torquatus, okuwuhlobo olungaphansi olungaqinisekisiwe oluhlala eColombia futhi luhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ezincane ezinomugqa omhlophe ofinyelela phansi ezindlebeni. , nakuba zikhona omunye umehluko ozihlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zezinkawu ze-marmoset.

IMacacos

Ama-macaque empeleni imijaho yezinkawu eyongayo, nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi afaka imbewu, amaqabunga, izimbali namagxolo esihlahla ekudleni kwawo, kanti amanye, njengoba kunjalo ngenkala edla izinkalankala, aphila ngokudla kwezilwane ezingenamgogodla kanye nezilwane ezinomgogodla ngezikhathi ezithile. .

Lezi zinkawu ze-macaque zakha uhlobo (Macaca) lwezinkawu ze-Old World. Bayingxenye ye-Cercopithecinae subfamily. Ama-macaque angaphila ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene noma ezindaweni zokuhlala kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Asia, futhi avumelana nezimo kakhulu.

Isici salolu hlobo lwezinkawu ukuthi wonke amaqembu omphakathi ama-macaques angama-matriarchal, ngoba ahlelwe azungeze abesifazane abavelele. Baye bafunda nokuhlalisana nabantu futhi baye baba uhlobo oluhlaselayo ezindaweni ezithile ezihlala abantu, njengesiqhingi saseMauritius neSilver Springs State Park eFlorida.

Kuvele ukuthi lolu hlobo lwenkawu seluphenduke insakavukela umchilo wesidwaba ekongiweni kwemvelo, kodwa alugcini lapho, ngoba nalo luyingozi esintwini, ngoba lungabathwali bezifo ezingasulelana kumuntu nokuthi futhi zingabulala.

Njengamanje, ukuphathwa kwama-macaque njengohlobo oluhlaselayo kwenziwe ngokusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokulawula. Ngaphandle kwabantu (uhlobo lwe-Homo), ama-macaque awuhlobo lwezilwane ezitholakala ngobuningi emhlabeni, njengoba singawathola esuka eJapane aye ezwekazini laseNdiya, nasendabeni ye-macaque yama-barbarian (Macaca sylvanus), edabula enyakatho ye-Afrika naseningizimu. EYurophu.

Uboya balezi zinhlobo zezinkawu ngokuvamile buyingxube noma i-gradient ye-shades kusukela kunsundu kuya kokumnyama futhi ikhala lazo linephrofayili eyindilinga, enamakhala phezulu. Umsila uyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo okukhulunywa ngalo, okungaba yinde, okulingene, okufushane noma angabi nawo umsila.

inkawu ye-tamarin enesisu esibomvu

I-red-bellied titi noma i-dusky titi monkey (Plecturocebus moloch) iwuhlobo lwe-marmoset, olunye lwezinhlobo zezinkawu ze-New World, ezitholakala e-Brazil. Ikhanda layo liyindilinga futhi inoboya obunzima obuthambile. Ivamise ukuthatha ukuma okuwuphawu lwayo, umzimba ugobe, izitho zihlangene nomsila ulenga phansi.

Umzimba walolu hlobo lwe-marmoset uphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-28 no-39 ubude kanti umsila wawo uphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-33 no-49. Isilwane esincane esikwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha uma kunesidingo, kodwa asivamile ukuhamba. Ukuziphatha kwayo okujwayelekile ukuhlala endaweni encane kakhulu, futhi ukudla kwayo kusekelwe ikakhulukazi ezithelweni, izinambuzane, izicabucabu, izinyoni ezincane namaqanda ezinyoni.

Iwuhlobo lokuziphatha kwansuku zonke futhi ihamba ngababili noma ngamaqembu omndeni, ngakho-ke isilwane esinobuhlobo. Bakwazi ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu beqembu ngenxa yokuthi balawula imisindo eminingi. Into evamile ukuthi kudoti ngamunye, insikazi izala ingane eyodwa.

Ama-incisors angenhla alolu hlobo anwetshiwe futhi ama-incisor canines awanwebeki ngaphezu kwamanye amazinyo. I-molars engenhla ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yi-tricuspid kanti ama-premolars aphansi alula kakhulu. I-molars engaphezulu nephansi i-quadricuspid. Lezi zici zamazinyo zibavumela ukuthi bahlanganise kahle ukudla kwabo.

Zinamadlebe amakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, ezikhathini eziningi ezisithwe uboya ohlangothini olulodwa lwekhanda. Zine-septum yangaphakathi ebanzi emakhaleni azo futhi amakhala azo avuleke eceleni. Kungenzeka ukuthi kubantu abadala uboya emhlane wabo bumpunga, bubomvu noma bube nsundu. Kuyinto evamile ukuthi amabhande amnyama noma amhlophe atholakale ebunzini lakho. Le phethini yombala ibonakala kuzo zombili izingane kanye nabantu abadala.

Siyethemba ngempela ukuthi ukujabulele lokhu kufunda nokuthi manje usungakwazi ukuqonda kangcono futhi uhlukanise izinhlobo zezinkawu ezikhona emhlabeni, imibala yazo kanye nokuma kwazo okumangalisayo nobukhulu, kanye nezici zazo ezikhethekile.

Uma usithandile lesi sihloko, sincoma lezi ezinye izihloko ezithakazelisayo:


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

*

*

  1. Ubhekele idatha: I-Actualidad Blog
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.