Kuningi izinhlobo zemali ezethulwa namuhla, ngayinye yazo inezici ezihlukile futhi inikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile kubasebenzisi, igcwalisa inhloso yayo evamile. Kulolu lwazi, ngamunye wabo uzogqanyiswa, kucatshangelwa amanye amaphuzu afanelekile.
Ama-elementi anevelu asetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukene
izinhlobo zemali
Abantu basebenzisa imali ukuze bakwazi ukushintshanisa izimpahla ezihlukahlukene, ngendlela yokuthi igqame njengethuluzi elibalulekile ekuphileni. Namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi eziboniswa ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezenzo, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ziyini, ukuveza ukuthi ziningi izindlela ezihambisana nazo njengoba zinikeza kalula kakhulu njengoba kwenzeka ifomu electronic.
Kusukela kudijithali, kusetshenziswe izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhokha, ezinezici ezivelele zezohwebo, amabhizinisi, ezingaguquki umsebenzi noma inhloso yemali, ngakho-ke kulolu hlobo lwezici ezihlukahlukene zingahlukaniswa ngayinye. yezinhlobo zemali.
Sayina
Imali yesignali yimali esetshenziswa ukwenza ukushintshana kwezezimali nezimpahla nsuku zonke. Yisenzo sansuku zonke abantu abasisebenzisayo ngokusebenzisa isici esingenalo inani kodwa esifeza umsebenzi ofanayo nowemali. Imali evezwa yile nto ayifani nemali ethile, isungulwa yizikhungo zezimali lapho iziphathimandla ziphethe khona.
Ukusungulwa kwalolu hlobo lwemali kunikezwa isenzo somhlaba wonke esivumela umphakathi ngokujwayelekile ukuthi usebenze ngezimali eziyisici sokwabiwa, okuzoba lula kakhulu ukuzilawula. Njengoba iziphathimandla zisungule lolu hlobo lwendlela yokukwazi ukwenza izinkokhelo zokukhokhela njalo nokunye, kuchazwa ukuthi yimali esemthethweni ngokugcwele kulesi sifundo.
Bese kuthiwa imali ekhishwa ngokusemthethweni yizinhlaka zezwe iyasebenza ngaphandle kwenkinga, kwazise ama-mints ayisebenzisela intuthuko. Uma kwenzeka uhulumeni engazange avume uhlobo lwemali, khona-ke kuzoqokonyiswa njengokungekho emthethweni, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuba kucace ngalezi zici.
Impahla
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zemali kukhona impahla ethengiswayo, esetshenziswa njengomkhiqizo ongadayiswa, udliwe, wenze izinguquko nokunye, obonakala ngokuhlala njalo nenani layo, njengoba isihlanganisiwe, yimuphi umehluko wemali oncike kuyo. Isibonelo, ithusi, isiliva, igolide nezinye zingagqanyiswa.
Ngizokhokha
Yilawo matheksthi noma amadokhumenti anenani elivela kwesinye isikweletu, lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho abantu becela amakhredithi, ngakho-ke, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi impahla ayinalo inani kodwa imele lesi senzo nokugunyazwa ukwenza inkokhelo. Phakathi kwezibonelo zemali ye-promissory note kukhona amasheke, asetshenziselwa ukukhokhela izikweletu kusukela ekusebenzeni okuqondile nebhange.
Ngogesi
Yileyo mali engekho ngokomzimba, ngakho-ke, akukho mpahla, izinhlamvu zemali, amaphepha noma ezinye ezisetshenziswayo. Zisetshenziselwa ukushintshana kuphela nge-elekthronikhi njengoba imali ingabonwa ngedijithali, ukuze uyisebenzise kufanele kusetshenziswe izenzo ezihlukene, njengokuthengiselana, okunokwenzeka ukukufeza kusukela ekuqhutshweni kwamanethiwekhi , amawebhusayithi asemthethweni nokunye.
Namuhla kungashiwo ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemali ye-elekthronikhi kuye kwanda kakhulu, ngoba inikeza kalula futhi isivinini kubantu, njengoba le ndlela isetshenziswa, induduzo igqanyiswa, yingakho kuyindlela enhle ecatshangelwayo. okwamanje ibalulekile, ngendlela efanayo kudingekile ukucabangela noma yiluphi uhlobo lobubi olungase lubonise.
Ibhange
Izinkampani zezimali zisebenzisa imali ethathwe kuzo ngokuqondile, ngakho-ke, yaziwa ngokuthi izinhlobo zemali yasebhange, ezinohlamvu oluyimfihlo olusetshenziselwa ukunikeza amakhredithi ngesikhathi esidingekayo kubantu okubhekiswe kuso lesi sicelo. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwemali lwenziwa ngamadiphozithi ahlukene, amathathu awo agqamile, lawo anesikhathi esinqunyiwe, abonwayo kanye nokonga.
Endabeni yesikhathi esinqunyiwe, yilabo abanikezwa amaklayenti azibophezele eqinisweni lokuthi le diphozi izohlala isikhathi esimisiwe ecela inani elikhokhelwayo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nale nqubo umuntu ngeke akwazi ukwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesenzo ngezimali, ukuhoxiswa, ukuthengiselana, ngoba kuzokhipha inhlawulo inhlangano eyibeka ngokuqondile nabo.
Ama-Demand deposits yilawo ethulwe ngokuqondile ekuhloleni ama-akhawunti, ngakho-ke yimali edlulisiwe noma ezinye izindlela ezenza ukuthi zifike futhi zibonakala ngokutholakala ukuze zisetshenziswe, ukudluliselwa, ukuhoxiswa kwemali noma ezinye. Ukonga kusetshenziswa abasebenzisi abadinga ukuvikelwa kwezimali zabo, kucatshangelwa ukuthi ngeke bakwazi ukukusebenzisa.
Phakathi kwezici ezigqamayo kulezi zenzo ukuthi kungase kubaluleke ukukhokha inzalo, lokhu kuzoncika enqubweni evamile umsebenzisi afuna ukuyenza, kucatshangelwa amanani azosetshenziswa. Lokhu futhi kunikeza izinzuzo njengoba abasebenzisi bazokwazi ukujabulela amabhonasi athile ngezikhathi ezithile esimweni sokutshala imali isikhathi eside.
umlando wemali
Ukusetshenziswa kwemali kuye kwavezwa kusukela ebukhoneni babantu emhlabeni, baye benza ukuthengiselana kusukela ekuhwebeni kokuhle, okugqamisa ukuthi kusukela izici ezibalulekile ze-Neolithic zibonisiwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwalesi senzo, isenzo esasaziwa njenge 'umhwebi'. Ngalezo zikhathi kwakuxhashazwa kwezolimo kanjalo nasemfuyweni futhi izakhamizi kufanele zazi ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani lokhu ukuze kuthuthukiswe intuthuko.
Kusukela kule misebenzi yokushintshisana, ukufuna izindlela zokuthi uhwebo lusebenze ngempumelelo kwaqala ukugqanyiswa, njengoba isikhathi sihamba, kwanikezwa amathuba amakhulu kusukela basebenzisa izinto, ukusungula inani lomnotho wabo ukuze kuzuzwe uzinzo, okubonisa lezi zinto eziyigugu ezaziwa manje. njengezinhlamvu zemali.
Ekuqaleni izinto ababezisebenzisa kwakuyizinhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, basebenzisa lolu hlobo lomkhiqizo, kodwa njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka basebenzisa izinsimbi eziyigugu, lezi zazibhekwa njengemali ngokwenani lensimbi. Lezi zehlakalo ezenzekile zasungula amaphuzu adingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe imali nokuthuthuka kwezomnotho, njengalezi zenzakalo ezilandelayo.
Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX nelesi-XNUMX BC, kwenziwa umsebenzi wokugaya uhlamvu lwemali, umsebenzi owenzeka ezindaweni ezihlukene zomhlaba njengeShayina, i-Indus Valley kanye ne-Asia Minor. Leli bekungelinye lamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu abambe iqhaza ekwethuleni imali njengoba kwenzeka namuhla, ngoba bekuwuhlelo lokuqinisekisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo njengoba zisungula inani.
Izici
Kuningi okuvelele okukhonjiswe ngemali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngayinye yazo ibe negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwayo nokuba nolwazi lwalezi zinto. Phakathi kokugqama kakhulu ukuthi ukwakheka kwayo kunikezwa izingxenye ezithile zensimbi ezinemimo ehlukene futhi zazimakwa ukuze zibonakale, okwakuvumela ukuba zihlukaniseke.
Umehluko osungulwe yimali ngayinye wenze ukuthi bakwazi ukuhlukaniswa noma ngabe bephuma emasikweni ahlukene, okwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Lapho kutholakala ukusetshenziswa kwemali, inzalo yemali yanda, ngakho-ke, imizamo yokusebenzisa iphepha ngenani yaqala ukugqanyiswa, eyenziwa eChina, eyayifuna ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, lo mzamo awuzange usebenze ngoba ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele akuzange kwenziwe, ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lwaqhubeka njengoba basebenzisa izinsimbi ezifana ne-zinc, ithusi, isiliva, lezi yizo ezazisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuqaleni futhi zaqala futhi ukwenza isiRashiya. igolide, ekhiqiza ukufezeka kokuthengiselana ngokusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwengcebo.
Ngekhulu le-XNUMX, kwaqokonyiswa ukusetshenziswa kwamasheke kanye namaphepha akhipha umyalelo wokukhokha, okwakuwukubonakala kwewokuqala. izinhlobo zemali isici sokubhalwa. Khona-ke, ngekhulu le-1787, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwasetshenziswa ngendlela evamile kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwemali engamaphepha, okubonisa iqiniso lokuthi idola ladalwa ngo-XNUMX ngendlela efanayo neDuro yaseSpain.
Umsebenzi
Ziningi izinhlobo zemali ezingakhonjiswa, kodwa iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi umsebenzi noma inhloso ezethulayo ziyefana. Okuzihlukanisayo yindlela ezisetshenziswe ngayo, isisekelo sazo, ukusungulwa kanye nezinye izici ezibalulekile. Imali igcwalisa umgomo wokuba indlela yokukhokha ngokuqinile, ukwenza isenzo sokuhwebelana phakathi kwabantu.
Umgomo wabo othize ubavumela ukuba bahlukanise nezinye izinto ezifanayo ezifana namabhondi, amasheya nezinye, ngoba lokhu kubalulekile ukugqamisa amaphuzu abalulekile engxenyeni yokusebenza kwezinhlobo zemali. Okokuqala, ukuba yisici njengendlela yokushintshanisa, okuwumsebenzi wayo oyinhloko, oye wagqanyiswa kusukela ekubukeni kwayo, okuvumela ukuthengiselana nokuhwebelana kwezinsizakalo, kanye nezimpahla, imikhiqizo nokunye.
Imibuso iphethe ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka nokuvikela imali, ngendlela yokuthi ngenxa yalokhu bakwazi ukufeza ukusebenza kwabo nezakhamuzi ngendlela engokwemvelo; Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwalo yilo lokuba ukuguqulwa kokwenza amadiphozithi, okunikezwa ukuzinza kwawo kokusetshenziswa, kube inhloko-dolobha yabantu, ekhonjiswa ngaphandle kwezinguquko njengoba isikhathi sihamba, inani layo lihlala lifana.
Uma kusetshenziswa imisebenzi yemali, kuholela ekwenzeni ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokusebenzisa amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene avumela ukuthuthukiswa okuphumelelayo, ngenxa yalesi sizathu imali ibonakala njengediphozi enenani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iphinde isebenze njengeyunithi ye-akhawunti, okusho ukuthi inesibopho sokusungula inani lemikhiqizo eneyunithi ethile.
Uma nje izinto zinenani, ukuthengiselana kuzoba lula kakhulu ukwenza, ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezibalo, okuvumela ukuhweba ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngendlela enhle. Ngakho-ke inhloso ebaluleke kakhulu ngasohlangothini lwemali ukuhlanganisa amanani ezinsizeni nasezintweni ezithile ukuze lezi nazo zisebenze ngendlela efanele.
Futhi ekugcineni, kungaboniswa ukuthi kwethulwa njengendinganiso yezinkokhelo ezihlehlisiwe, okusho ukuthi umbandela usungulwa maqondana nemali esemthethweni, evumele ukuthi isetshenziselwe ukukhansela isikweletu esithile. . Ngale ndlela, abasebenzisi abasezinkampanini zezezimali benza inkontileka nabo.
Le nkontileka icacisa ngayinye yezinkokhelo okumelwe zenziwe, kanye nesikhathi, inkokhelo eyodingeka ukuze igcwalise ingase ibe nemibandela ethile, echazwe ngemibandela emisiwe. Ukuthola isikweletu, kubalulekile ukuthi kukhokhwe kuphela ekusebenziseni imali.
intshisekelo yomthetho
Izintshisekelo zomthetho eziye zagqanyiswa ngemali zivezwe ngamaphesenti edatha esungulwe ngokuqondile izinhlangano zamabhange. Uma kucatshangelwa lolu hlobo lwedatha eyengeziwe, kungenzeka ukufeza ukuzimisela kwenhloko-dolobha enikezwa ngesinxephezelo, nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lomonakalo noma isikweletu esinikezwa ezinye izikweletu ezenziwe.
Njengoba uhulumeni noma inhlangano iphethe ukumemezela ukuthi uhlobo lwemali selusakazeke kabanzi ukuze lukwazi ukulisebenzisa ngokusemthethweni, kubalulekile ukwazi lolu hlobo lolwazi ukuze kusetshenziswe imali ngendlela efanele hhayi ukwenza izinhloso ezingekho emthethweni. Kuliqiniso okumele kubhekwe ngoba kunezinhlobo ezithile zemali ezingekho emthethweni yiziphathimandla eziphethe.
Criptomonedas
Okunye kokungabaza okugqame kakhulu endabeni yemali ukuthi i-cryptocurrencies ingacatshangelwa yini kuleli gama. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma ziyingxenye yemali ebonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwazo ngendlela ehlukile njengoba ziyidijithali, kulula kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa ukwenza ukuhwebelana, yingakho kube yindlela esebenzayo namuhla, abaningi abantu bancamela ukusebenzisa le mali ngenxa yesisekelo sayo
Ukusebenza lokhu okunikezwayo kuyefana nemali, uma kwethulwa njengohlobo lwemali ebonakalayo, ingenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi njengohlobo lwemali, olusetshenziswa emazweni ngamazwe, kodwa isici sayo sokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwamabhange noma izinhlangano zezezimali ezilawulayo. . Umehluko obaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-cryptocurrency iyidijithali ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, itholakala kuphela ku-inthanethi.
Kunezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi ezenze lolu hlobo lwemali lwe-elekthronikhi, ngakho-ke abantu kufanele bafinyelele amawebhusayithi abo ukuze baqale ukuzisebenzisa. Kusuka kubo, izinkokhelo zenziwa kwabanye abasebenzisi, izinkampani kanye nabanye abavumela lezi zindlela zokuhwebelana, njengoba kubhekwa njengephephile futhi kulula, namuhla kunemisebenzi eminingi eqokonyiswe ngale ndlela.
Kodwa-ke, iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele licatshangelwe ukuthi le mali ayikasakazeki, ngakho-ke ezitolo ezingokwenyama azisetshenziswa kabanzi, ngendlela efanayo kukhona ezinye ezikhona, njengoba ziye zaziwa ngale ndlela futhi zenze lula izinqubo. kumakhasimende abo ngokusebenzisa nje i-akhawunti njengoba isebenza njengebhange elivamile.
Kunezinketho eziningi namuhla ezigqama njengezimali, njengemali ebonakalayo engasetshenziswa kuphela ngokusebenzisa amakhasi ewebhu, uma unesithakazelo kakhulu kuwo, sincoma ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana cryptocurrencies
Bitcoin
Ukuba yingxenye ye-cryptocurrensets, izici zokuba yisiqalo salolu hlobo lwemali, kwakuyisethulo sokuqala esibonakalayo esenziwe, iziveza njengereferensi kwezinye izinhlobo zemali ekhona, igqamisa ukuthi yayisebenza kahle, ngakho ukusetshenziswa okufanayo. I-Bitcoin ibonakale njengenye esetshenziswa kabanzi futhi yafakwa ngokusemthethweni ekuhwebeni kwebhizinisi, ihlinzeka ngokuthuthukiswa komnotho kuzo.
Phakathi kokungafani okungaqokonyiswa ngokuphathelene nemali, ukuthi lapho izinkokhelo ezahlukene zenziwa ngokusebenzisa bitcoin, zisetshenziswa ngokungaziwa, okubonisa ukuphepha okuphezulu mayelana nedatha yomuntu siqu. Ukuba esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ngokuphathelene nezinhlobo zemali ezibonakalayo, ezinomsebenzi othize njengemali, kodwa kungaba nemigomo ethile esungulwe umsebenzisi.
Ukuze usebenzise i-bitcoin, kubalulekile ukuba nethuluzi elibizwa nge-digital wallet, elisebenza njenge-akhawunti yasebhange. Ukuze umsebenzisi akwazi ukuyifinyelela, kumele abe negama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ezisungulwe yena uqobo bese ekwazi ukwenza yonke imisebenzi abayifunayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzuzo yalezi zinqubo ukuthi bangakwazi kwenziwe noma yikuphi.
Njengoba inokungaziwa kanye nokuvikeleka okuphezulu kwenkokhelo ngayinye abafuna ukuyenza, igqamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukusebenzisa imisebenzi nokunyakaza emhlabeni, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kunezimakethe eziningi kanye nendawo yezimali ngokujwayelekile eseziqalile ukusebenzisa I-Bitcoin, imemezela ukuthi namuhla ohulumeni nezinhlangano zamabhange zisafunda ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukukhiqiza imali entsha ebonakalayo.
Ukubaluleka
Imali iveza umsebenzi obalulekile emphakathini, igcizelela ukuthi iziphatha njengendlela yokwenza ukuhwebelana, kanye nokugcinwa kwenani kanye nephethini ukuze ukumelwa kwayo kuhlale. Bese-ke, ngenxa yala maphuzu abalulekile, abantu bangakwazi ukuthenga izinto zabo zansuku zonke ngokushintshanisa ngomkhiqizo, okubalulekile ukuthola okudingekayo nsuku zonke.
Esinye isici esibalulekile siwukuba nekhono lokusebenzisa imali ngesikhathi esifiswayo, ngoba njengoba isikhathi sihamba le nto iqhubeka ibonisa inani elifanayo, nokho, okugqamile kulokhu ukwehla kwamandla emali, lesi sici Yisona esingabangela imali. ukulahlekelwa inani layo ngokwekhwalithi. Khona-ke lokhu kuzodala ukuthi izindlela ezidingekayo ukuze ukwazi ukwandisa inani lemali, lapho amabhizinisi, ukutshalwa kwezimali nokunye kwenziwa khona.
Ukugcizelela ukuthi imali ihlobene nelinye lalawa maphuzu endaweni yezimali, ihlinzeka ngesikhungo ukuthi senze ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke isidingo esilethwa ngumuntu salokhu kwaziswa siyagqanyiswa. Futhi uma ucabangela ukuthi ayisetshenziswa ngendlela eyodwa, kodwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemali, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyiphepha, i-electronic nokunye, kunikeza abantu amathuba amaningi okuzuza, ngoba ngokuba nezindlela zokusebenzisa imali, ungasebenzisa. elula kakhulu, egwema zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga.
Ngendlela efanayo, isidingo sokucabangela ukuthi yikuphi okufaneleka kakhulu kumacala athile kubonisiwe, futhi ukwazi ukuthi ukunyakaza kwemali kungasetshenziswa kanjani ukuze ukwazi ukwenza isenzo ngasinye esidingekayo.
Ziningi izinhloso ezingafezwa ngemali, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni ngempumelelo njengomphakathi, nokho-ke, udinga ukwazi ukuthi uyisebenzisa kanjani. Abantu abaningi bayisebenzisa kabi le nto ukuze benze izenzo ezingafanele, ezingekho emthethweni, izenzo ezingalungile futhi ezingenzi kahle kuzo. Ukuyisebenzisa kahle kuzokuvumela ukuthi ujabulele ukukhetha ngakunye ekunikezayo.
Njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, izinhlobo zemali zigqama ngokusebenza okufanayo, kodwa ukubulawa kwazo, ukusetshenziswa kwazo akufani ncamashi, kubonisa izinketho ezihlukene zabasebenzisi abangase badinge ukwenza imisebenzi ehlukene. Ngamunye wabo ubaluleke kakhulu ukuze noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphazamiseka luxazululwe, izinkokhelo ezifanele zenziwe, ukuthengiselana kuyenziwa nokuningi ngendlela edingekayo.
Imali yedijithali ingenye evelele kakhulu namuhla, sincoma ukuthi ufunde ngayo.ukuthi ama-cryptocurrencies asebenza kanjani