Izinhlelo zokulingisa: Izinhlobo Zenzelweni? futhi nokuningi

Ngalesi sihloko uzoqonda isihloko izinhlelo zokulingisa,  ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba nolwazi olubanzi lwezobuchwepheshe, lapha sizokufundisa ukuthi lusebenza kanjani, izinhlobo ezikhona manje nokunye okuningi.

sekulingisa-uhlelo-1

Izinhlelo zokulingisa

Sizoqala uhambo lwethu lwesihloko, sichaze izinhlelo zokulingisa, okungeyona into engaphezu kweqiniso lokulingisa ukuziphatha noma ukusebenza kohlelo lokuqala esikhathini esithile; okungenziwa ngesandla noma ngekhompyutha.

Ngamanye amazwi, imodeli noma isethi yokuqagela esivumela ukuthi simise ukuqhathanisa ukuziphatha kwangempela uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho esingakubona ngesikhathi esithile. Lezi zinhlobo zokuqagela kufanele zivezwe ngezibalo ezinengqondo nezezibalo phakathi kwamabhizinisi noma amabhizinisi.

Ngalezi zinhloso, ukuze kuzuzwe ukulingisa emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinhlobo zezilimi ezisetshenziselwa le njongo, ezinenhloso noma inhloso ethile, okuwukuvumela amandla ezinto zokusebenza zekhompiyutha ukuba inyuswe ngenani eliphansi, nokho, ukulingisa akululeki ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kungakho lokhu okulandelayo kucacisa ukuthi kungani kanye nalokho okufanele sikulingise:

  • Ivumela ukwenza ucwaningo olusekelwe kulwazi nokusebenzisana nezinhlelo zangaphakathi zekhompyutha.
  • Ivumela ngokubheka ukwazi izinguquko ezenzeka ekuziphatheni kwesistimu.
  • Kuba lula kakhulu ukuklama imodeli yokulingisa ehlanganisa izidingo ngokombono wolwazi onalo mayelana nohlelo lokufunda.
  • Isebenza njengethuluzi lokufundisa ngoba ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi aqinise izixazululo zethiyori ezingaba khona ezitholakala ohlelweni lokufunda.
  • Nquma amandla wehadiwe okokusebenza ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo.

sekulingisa-izinhlelo-2

Ukucaca ukuthi kungani futhi silingisa ini, kubalulekile ukuthi sazi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokulingisa esingazithola:

  1. Amamodeli weComputational, ahlukaniswe ngale ndlela elandelayo:
  • I-Stochastic noma i-deterministic: yilawo ama-equations achazwa njengobudlelwane phakathi kwezakhi, ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi ohlelweni. Lolu hlobo lwemodeli luvame ukusetshenziswa ukulingisa amasistimu omzimba futhi lulula kakhulu. Baphinde basebenzise amajeneretha ezinombolo ukuze balingise izehlakalo noma izimo ezingahleliwe.
  • I-Static noma i-dynamic, kulolu hlobo lwesilingisi sishintsha ekuphenduleni kwesistimu kumasignali okokufaka.
  • okuqhubekayo noma okwehlukene: Kuyo, izenzakalo zisingathwa ngesikhathi, okusho ukuthi, ukufaniswa kwekhompiyutha kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa okunengqondo, okuthi, ngohlu lwezenzakalo, kuyala futhi kunqume ukuthi kuzokwenzekani ngesikhathi esibikezelwe ngaleyo njongo. Kulesi simo, isifanisi sifunda uhlu futhi silungiselela imicimbi noma izimo ezintsha njengoba kukhiqizwa esinye. Akudingekile ukuthi ukulingisa kwenziwe ngesikhathi esithile, ngokuphambene nalokho, kunconywa ukuthi idatha ewumphumela wokulingisa ifakwe ukuze kutholwe ukungahambi kahle okungenzeka ekuklanyweni noma ukulandelana kwezenzakalo.

Ukwengeza lolu hlobo lokulingisa luhlinzeka ngesixazululo sezinombolo kuzibalo ezihlukanisayo ze-algebra noma izilinganiso ezihlukanisayo njengoba lixazulula zonke izilinganiso futhi lisebenzisa izinombolo ukuze liguqule isimo kanye nokuphumayo kwesifaniso ngezikhathi ezithile. Isibonelo salokhu izilingisi zendiza, imidlalo yevidiyo yokwakha nokuphatha, ukumodela kwezinqubo zamakhemikhali kanye nokulingisa kwamasekhethi kagesi.

Nokho, ngaphakathi kwalolu hlobo lokulingisa okuhlukile kunamamodeli angasuselwe kuzibalo, kodwa angamela wena ngokusemthethweni.

  • Indawo noma isabalalisiwe: amamodeli abasabalalisi asebenza kunethiwekhi yamakhompyutha axhumene, kwezinye izimo nge-inthanethi.

1.   Imodeli yetiyetha

Imodeli kufanele ibe nezakhi ezidingekayo zokulingiswa, ngomsebenzi waselabhorethri, uhlelo lwezibalo, kanye nekhompyutha ehlinzeka ngezinombolo ezingahleliwe, okufanele futhi iqukathe idatha yezibalo yencazelo kanye nezinguqulo zayo ezihlukene ze-quadratic - arithmetic - geometric - harmonic, futhi ekwazi ukucacisa, okujwayelekile ngokuya kwamathuba ochungechunge olukhiqiziwe

sekulingisa-uhlelo-3

Imodeli yomqondo

Imodeli yomqondo isungula ngohlu lwemibuzo, ukubaluleka kokuhlukaniswa noma ukwenqatshwa komphakathi kanye nokwenza ngohlu lwemibuzo ngendlela yokulingisa ngesilinganiso sesimo sengqondo.

Ngemva kokubona ukuthi inani labantu libalulekile noma lanele, okwamanje ukulingisa kuyisifundo sohlu lwemibuzo futhi imodeli iyimibuzo yokuqinisa noma yenqabe inkolelo-mbono yokuthi kukhona ukuhluka kwabantu kanye neqembu labantu futhi emiphi imibuzo.

imodeli yesistimu

Imodeli yesistimu ikholelwa kakhulu futhi iwumsebenzi waselabhorethri. Isistimu yezenhlalo ilingiswe kokukodwa kokupelwa kwayo okuphelele. Uhlelo lokuphromotha engxenyeni yezokuthutha enemodeli ye-ecology yabantu, isibonelo.

Kubalulekile ku-theory yezinhlelo ezijwayelekile, kulula kulolu hlobo lokufanisa. Kuyindlela, eyenzelwe uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi, iyinto engabonakali kakhulu, engagcini nje ngokuchazwa kwesistimu, kufanele iqukathe ukulingisa kokufakwayo okuhlukene kwamandla kanye nemiphumela.

sekulingisa-izinhlelo-5

ukulingiswa kwekhompyutha

Ngalolu hlobo lokulingisa, inhloso iwukuba uvumelane nezimo zempilo yansuku zonke ngezinhlelo ezithuthukiswe kukhompuyutha, ngendlela yokuthi uzihlaziye futhi uhlole ukuthi uhlelo luziphatha kanjani maqondana nomsebenzisi.

Njengamanje, lolu hlobo lokulingisa luwusizo kakhulu ezinhlelweni eziningi ezake zaklanywa ngaphambilini, njengoba zisebenze njengephethini ezinhlelweni zemvelo ku-physics, chemistry, kanye ne-biology ngendlela yokuthi zingaxazululwa ngokumodela okusemthethweni. amamodeli wezibalo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuziphatha okuguqulelwe kumapharamitha nezimo zokuqala.

Lokhu kulingisa kusebenza njengesesekeli sokushintsha isistimu ethile eyakhiwe ngaphambilini enikeza izixazululo zokuhlaziya ezingakwazi ukuphathwa ngenxa yokuqina kwazo; Kulapha lapho kusingathwa khona ukuhlukahluka kwezimo, ezikhuthaza izimo ezijwayelekile zemodeli ethile, ngendlela yokuthi zikwazi ukuhlanganisa phakathi kwazo zonke izimo okungenzeka ukuthi bezivimbela.

Njengamanje emakethe yobuchwepheshe kunezinhlobo eziningi zamaphakeji esoftware avumela ukumodela ngekhompyutha ukusebenza nokusebenza kwesifaniso ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, isibonelo singacaphuna imodeli ye-stochastic njengeRisk Simulator, ngaphezu kwesinye eyaziwa ngokuthi Montecarlo sekulingisa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezilingisi kukhula kaningi, phakathi kwazo sinezindawo zokwenziwa, ezithatha noma eziguqule cishe noma yikuphi ukumelwa okukhompuyutha.

ukulingiswa kwekhompyutha

Emkhakheni wesayensi yekhompiyutha, igama lokulingisa linencazelo enkulu kusukela kusazi sezibalo, i-cryptanalyst kanye nososayensi wekhompyutha. Ukulingisa kwe-Alan Turing kusetshenziselwa ukuqonda noma ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani uma uhlelo luqhutshwa kukhompuyutha yedijithali echaza okokufaka nokuphumayo komshini.

Ngezinjongo ezinjalo, isifanisi sivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukwakha uhlelo okufanele lusebenze ezinhlotsheni ezithile zeziphazamisi zekhompuyutha noma endaweni yokuhlola eqinile yomshayeli.

Isibonelo, izifanisi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanza i-microprogram (i-microcode) noma ngezikhathi ezihlukene ezinhlelweni zezicelo zentengiso. Njengoba imisebenzi yamakhompiyutha ilingisiwe, lonke ulwazi oluthuthukisiwe esenzweni samakhompiyutha luwusizo ngokuqondile kumhleli, futhi isivinini nokusebenza kungahluka ngokuthanda kwakho.

Emkhakheni wesayensi basekela kakhulu, njengoba abafundi bahlobanisa amagama abstract neqiniso, futhi, kuyasiza ngomqondo wokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamathambo, imishini, ngoba kufanele itholakale kuphela ngamakhompiyutha ambalwa hhayi nazo zonke izinto zelabhorethri yonke.

sekulingisa electronic

Kuyithuluzi lesoftware elisetshenziswa ochwepheshe endaweni yezogesi kanye nabafundi bemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha. Lokhu kugcwalisa ikhono lokwakha isifunda, kusiza ukuhlaziya kangcono umshini, nokuthola amaphutha ngaphakathi kwawo ngendlela elula nephumelelayo.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zokulingisa nge-elekthronikhi singabala:

  • Uma isifunda sisebenza njengengxenye ye-simulator, kuyoba lula ukuyihlela, ku-protoboard, futhi uzoqiniseka ukuthi isifunda sizosebenza ngokuphelele.
  • Ukusebenzisa isifanisi, amaphutha nezinkinga eziphakamayo lapho kuhlanganiswa amasekethe kagesi kungatholwa ngendlela enethezekile nenembayo, ngamathuluzi izinhlelo eziwafakile, njengalezi: ama-multimeter, ama-voltage generator noma i-oscilloscope.
  • Ezinye izinhlelo zinemibono ehlukene mayelana nesifunda esihlanganiswayo. Lezi zingaqinisekiswa, njengokungathi izintambo ebhodini lezinkwa, noma njengomdwebo wezintambo.

Futhi singachaza ububi bokulingiswa kwe-elekthronikhi futhi yilezi:

  • Lapho ama-simulators wesifunda engakabi yisikhathi, futhi entula ama-chips emakethe, lokhu kudala ukuhlehliswa komklami, ngoba kuzodingeka azinikele emsebenzini wokukhiqiza i-semiconductor yakhe.
  • Uma lungekho ulwazi lwendlela yokuphatha uhlelo lokulingisa, ukubambezeleka ekwakhiweni kuyadalwa, ngoba kufanele kufundwe ngendlela ehlangene, zonke izingxenye nezinketho eziqukethwe uhlelo, ukuze ukwazi ukwenza sebenza ngendlela efanele.

Incazelo Yesistimu

Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukutadisha umongo wenkinga, ukukhomba izinhloso zephrojekthi, ukucacisa izinhlu zokulinganisa nokuvikeleka kwesistimu, kanye nokucacisa izinhloso eziqondile zokumodela nokucacisa uhlelo okufanele lufanekiselwe.

Ukwakhiwa kwemodeli

Uma imiphumela elindelwe ocwaningweni isinqunyiwe ngokuqondile, imodeli okuzotholwa ngayo imiphumela efiselekayo iyacaciswa futhi yakhiwe. Ekwakhiweni kwemodeli, kubalulekile ukudala zonke iziguquko ezakha ingxenye yayo, ubudlelwano bazo obunengqondo namashadi agelezayo achaza ngokugcwele imodeli.

ukuqoqwa kwedatha

Kubalulekile ukucacisa ngokucacile nangokunembile idatha ezodingeka imodeli ukuze ukhiqize imiphumela oyifunayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemodeli kukhompyutha

Ngemodeli enembile, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukunquma ukuthi ulimi olufana ne-fortran, algol, lisp luyasetshenziswa. Ungasebenzisa futhi iphakheji efana ne-Promodel, i-Vensim, i-Stella ne-iThink, i-GPSS, i-simula, i-simscript, i-Rockwell Arena, i- [Flexsim] ukuze uyisebenzise kukhompuyutha futhi ngaleyo ndlela uthole imiphumela oyifunayo.

Ukuqinisekiswa

Kubandakanya ukunquma ukuthi imodeli elingisiwe ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama eyenzelwe yona. Kumayelana nokuhlola ukuthi lokhu kusebenza ngokuhambisana nomklamo wayo wemodeli

Ukuqinisekiswa kwesistimu

Umehluko phakathi komsebenzi we-simulator kanye nesistimu yangempela eyenziwa lapho ukufaniswa kuyaziswa.

Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuqinisekisa imodeli yilezi:

  1. Umbono wochwepheshe emkhakheni ngemiphumela yokulingisa.
  2. Ukunemba okwenziwa ngakho idatha yomlando.
  3. Into elungile ekubikezeleni ikusasa.
  4. Indlela yokuthola ukungahambisani kwemodeli yokulingisa, lapho uphatha idatha eyenza isistimu yangempela ihluleke.

Ukuhlolwa

Isibalo sokuhlola ngale modeli senziwa ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa. Iphinde ibe nenjongo yokukhiqiza idatha efiselekayo kanjalo nokuthuthukiswa kokuhlaziywa kokuzwela kwezinhlu ezidingekayo.

Ukuhunyushwa

Nguye ophethe ukuhumusha imiphumela, okuphonswa ukulingisa, ngokusekelwe kulokhu, isinqumo kufanele senziwe. Kubalulekile ukuthi imiphumela etholwe ocwaningweni lokulingisa okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla isize ukuqinisa izinqumo zohlobo olusakhiwe kancane.

imibhalo

Phakathi kwemibhalo edingekayo ukuze usebenzise kahle uhlelo lokulingisa yilena elandelayo:

  • Imibhalo yokuqala yohlobo lobuchwepheshe
  • eyesibili imayelana nebhukwana lomsebenzisi

Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe mayelana nemakethe yobuchwepheshe ethokozisayo, ngikumema ukuthi ujabulele lezi zixhumanisi ezithakazelisayo Ubuchwepheshe bedijithali

Izinhlobo Zesoftware Yokulingisa

Ngezansi kunezinhlobo zesoftware ezisetshenziswa ekufanisweni ukusuka endaweni yenqubo.

 gasp IV izinhlelo zokulingisa

Lolu hlobo lwesofthiwe lubonakala ngama-subroutines ohlobo lwe-Fortran, aklanyelwe ukulungisa ngokujwayelekile nangokulandelanayo ukulingiswa kwezimo nezinqubo. Lezi zinhlobo zokulandelana zikhiqizwa ngokwengezwa nokususwa kwamabhizinisi, abakhiqizi bezinto eziguquguqukayo ezingahleliwe kanye nochungechunge lwezibalo, phakathi kokunye.

Indawo yayo yohlelo lokusebenza yizinhlelo eziphethe ama-simulators ahlukene, aqhubekayo futhi ahlanganisiwe. Ngohlelo lwayo, kunconywa ukusetshenziswa kwe-Operating Systems njenge-Windows 7 32bit, 64bit, Windows 8, ene-hard disk enendawo etholakalayo engu-1GB kanye nememori ye-RAM engu-4GB. Futhi ilayisensi yakhona ngeyokuhweba.

Izinhlelo zokulingisa simscript II.5

Lesi sifanisi sisebenza ngolimi oluhloselwe ukuqondiswa komcimbi othile kanye nenqubo yawo. Ivumela ukuhlanganisa amasistimu ahlukene futhi aqhubekayo. Isekelwe emabhizinisini, ezinkampanini nasezimpahleni.

Indawo yokusebenza kwayo akufanele igxile kulayini, njengakumamodeli wokulwa wezempi. Lolu hlobo lwesilingisi lungaxhunywa kunguqulo ye-Windows 2000/NT, yesikhulumi se-PC ye-Unix/Linux. Ilayisensi yokusebenzisa lesi sifanisi ingeyokuthengisa.

izinhlelo zokulingisa ze-siman

Ngalesi sifanisi, kumodela isistimu yokuma kwenqubo ehlukene, ehamba phakathi nesistimu, iqondiswe kuklayenti elinezici ezichazayo nezihlukile ezaziwa njengezibaluli. Lolu hlobo lwenqubo ludinga imisebenzi noma imisebenzi ehamba phakathi kwezinhlangano futhi imodelwa nge-block diagram.

Indawo esetshenziswayo iyindawo yokubalwa kwezimali ngokombono we-elekthronikhi futhi ibonakala ngokuba isistimu ehlukene. Uhlobo lwelayisensi yalezi zifanisi ezentengiso.

lawula izinhlelo zokulingisa

Lesi sifanisi singamela izinqubo ngempendulo elula, ukulawula kwe-cascade nokulawula i-feedforward. Ngokulandelayo, lolu hlelo lunikeza umsebenzisi imidwebo ye-block ezosetshenziswa kulezi zinqubo ukuze kube lula ukudwetshwa kwesistimu eyakhiwe ngaphambilini futhi esebenza ngokugcwele. Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi ayisunguli noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlelo noma ukwakheka kwezithombe.

Ngalesi sifanisi, umsebenzisi angakwazi ukuqamba, ukulungisa noma ukuguqula isistimu ngokusebenzisa izingxoxo ezinikezwe kumdwebo webhulokhi. Ngokulandelayo, lesi sifanisi sivumela amasistimu ukuthi aphendule ezimeni noma ukulayisha izinguquko ezenziwa ezinqubweni futhi ezihlanganiswe njengezingxenye zesistimu.

Indawo yayo yokusebenza isezinqubo zezimboni kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula. Ihambisana ne-Windows futhi idinga u-3,3 MB wesikhala samahhala sediski kanye nenani elithile le-RAM. M Uhlobo lwakho lwelayisensi lumahhala

izinhlelo zokulingisa i-chemsep

Ikuvumela ukuthi ulingise noma yisiphi isimo ngokushesha, unikeze eminye imiphumela ngamafomethi ahlukene, noma ngabe amaspredishithi, umbhalo, phakathi kokunye. Ukusebenza kwayo phakathi kwabasebenzisi kuyanelisa lapho inikeza izixazululo ezinqubweni ezehlukene ezifana nokukhishwa kwe-distillation, ukumuncwa kanye nokukhipha. Idinga noma iyiphi inguqulo ye-Windows ukuze isetshenziswe futhi ilayisensi yayo imahhala.

izinhlelo zokulingisa i-stella

Isetshenziselwa ukwenza amamodeli ezibalo, ukudala amasistimu kanye nemicimbi yamamodeli. Lesi sifanisi sitolika imodeli, ikakhulukazi lapho imodeli idalwe khona, amanani noma amasistimu aguqukayo avumela ukuhlola nokuqinisekisa amasistimu aguquguqukayo nezibalo zawo.

Isetshenziswa ngokukhethekile ezinhlelweni zomugqa wokulinda. Idinga amasistimu ahambisanayo afana ne-DOS, i-Linux, i-OS/2, i-MacOS, i-Unix, i-GP2X ne-Windows, phakathi kwezinye. Uhlobo lwelayisensi olokuhweba.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

*

*

  1. Ubhekele idatha: I-Actualidad Blog
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.