Namuhla uzoba nethuba lokufunda ngalokhu okuthunyelwe okuthakazelisayo konke mayelana nesiko le izingubo zaseGibhithe nokunye okuningi. Ungayeki ukuyifunda! futhi uzothola kanye neminye imininingwane yemfashini kusukela ngesikhathi saseGibhithe lasendulo.
Izingubo zaseGibhithe: Izici zayo, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Njengomphumela wesimo sezulu esifudumele kanye nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene elangeni, izingubo zaseGibhithe ngokuvamile zazilula futhi zinethezekile. Ukuba ilineni elimhlophe, elisetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza izingubo ezinezimfanelo ezihlukene, kusukela kokuningiliziwe kuya kokusobala ngokuphelele.
Naphezu kokuba noboya, busetshenziswa kakhulu, babusetshenziselwa ukwenza amajazi nezingubo zokuzingela. Ngokuqondene nosilika nokotini, zaqala ukusetshenziswa phakathi nenkathi yamaGreki yesiko laseGibhithe.
Kwakuyisiko futhi ukuphuca ikhanda, ikakhulukazi ukugwema izintwala, ukusetshenziswa kwamawigi kuyinto evamile.
Izingubo zaseGibhithe ngokobulili
EMbusweni Omdala, njengezingubo zaseGibhithe, amadoda ayegqoka iziketi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-shenti, eboshwe ngebhande ezinqulwini futhi azincenge ngaphambili. Phakathi nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi iNkathi Ephakathi, lezi ziketi zaba zinde kancane ngaphansi kwamadolo, futhi ekupheleni kobukhosi bamaGreki amade, amajazi anemikhono ekhanyayo ayegqokwe.
Ngokuqondene nezingubo zabesifazane, ekuqaleni kwakuyizingubo ezinde ezinokhalo oluphakeme okwakuthi, ezinemichilo emibili emahlombe, zishiye amabele obala.
Kamuva, ikhabethe laba lide, lisondele emzimbeni futhi limboze amabele, liveza intamo ephansi. Ngezikhathi zamaGreki, izingubo zaba zinde, kodwa zaxega.
Inhlangano yezenhlalakahle yaseGibhithe yayihlobene eduze nezingubo ezazigqokwa abantu. Ngokwesikhundla ayenaso emphakathini, kwahlukaniswa izitayela ezilandelayo zokugqoka zaseGibhithe:
Okudumile
Ngokuvamile abantu baseGibhithe abathobekile nabasebenza kanzima babegqoka i-shenti njengoba yayilungele kakhulu umsebenzi osindayo futhi imelana nokushisa, ezimweni ezikhethekile njengemikhosi yenkolo babegqoka amawigi ovolo. Izinceku zasebukhosini zazihlala zinqunu.
Izikhulu
Amadoda asezicukuthwaneni ayegqoke i-shenti eyinkimbinkimbi, i-cape phezu kwamahlombe ukuvala i-torso kanye nemifanekiso yamandla ehlukile njengenduku, izikhumba zengwe, umqhele waseGibhithe, izitha noma i-paraonic cap, ayenziwe ngayo. izindwangu ezinemigqa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi, ezifakwe ngaphambili futhi ezihlotshiswe emaceleni.
Ngokuqondene nabesifazane bobukhosi, kwakubalulekile ukukhombisa ubuhle babo ngezingubo eziqinile, ezihambisana namawigi ezinwele zomuntu, ubucwebe baseGibhithe, izimbadada zesikhumba kanye nezimonyo zobuso.
Ngokusobala, kungaphethwa ngokuthi izingubo zesiko laseGibhithe kwakungenye into ezingeni labo lokuhleleka okuphumelelayo.
Imininingwane yezingubo zaseGibhithe ku endulo
Izingubo zaseGibhithe zaziwumphumela oqondile wesimo sezulu: kushisa nokomile, indlela yokuphila yangaphandle. Izingubo ezenziwe ngefilakisi zasetshenziswa kuphela, nakuba ekuqaleni kwakuqoqwa imicu yomoba neyomoba, iflaksi yahlanganiswa ngenxa yedumela layo lokuhlanzeka nokulinywa kuphela ngezinjongo zendwangu. Umbala okhethwayo wawumhlophe, nakuba kungase kube nemiklamo ethile emaphethelweni.
Kwasetshenziswa uvolo, kodwa kwakubhekwa njengokungcolile, njengazo zonke izintambo zezilwane. Kwaze kwaba ngemva kokunqoba kuka-Alexander Omkhulu lapho uvolo waqala ukusetshenziswa ezingutsheni zansuku zonke, kodwa waqhubeka uvinjelwe emathempelini nasezindaweni ezingcwele, lapho abapristi kwakudingeka bagqoke khona ilineni elimhlophe.
imvunulo yabantu
Abalimi, izisebenzi, nabantu abampofu babegqoka izindwangu ezinqeni, futhi uma begqokile bagqoka i-shenti kuphela, egqokwa amadoda azo zonke izigaba zezenhlalakahle iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu, eyayihlanganisa uhlobo lwesiketi esisongwe okhalweni futhi sizungezwe isiketi. ibhande isikhumba. Kuwo wonke uMbuso Omusha, cishe ngo-1425 B.C. C., ihembe elikhanyayo noma ihembe elingenamikhono laqala ukusetshenziswa, kanye nohlobo oluthile lwama- double pleated phakathi kwabacebe kakhulu.
imvunulo yezikhulu
Kubantu abasezikhundleni eziphezulu, ucezu lwaluhlotshiswe ngokuthungwa futhi lugqokwe phezu kwebhulukwe noma ingubo. Ngaphezulu kwe-shenti, abantu abavelele babegqoka uhlobo lwesiketi esifushane, benza ama-pleats amancane, okuthi lapho bephuma endlini babe ingubo enemikhono noma engenamikhono, yomibili yokuthungwa okuhle. Ukuze bavale amakhanda abo, bobabili ubulili babegqoka iwigi yamanga, futhi endabeni kaFaro, isigqoko esithile sekhanda, ama-neme, esakhiwe ngendwangu eyisikwele eyenziwe ngendwangu enemigqa.
Okubani imibala evame kakhulu okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi ifakwe ngaphambili namaconsi ezinhlangothini. Imvunulo yasebukhosini ibhalwe kahle, bagqoka njengalo lonke idolobha. UFaro wayesebenzisa inkulumo yasebukhosini ngezinye izikhathi eyakhiwa imithende evundlile eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ephuzi, neluhlaza; eyayihlukaniswa ngemigqa emhlophe, futhi ehlukaniswa nezimpawu ezihlukanisayo, njengentonga yobukhosi yaseGibhithe nomqhele.
ikhabethe labesifazane
Ingubo yaseGibhithe kwabesifazane yahlala icishe ifane isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu, ishintshwe kuphela ngemininingwane ethile. Abesifazane babegqoke isiketi eside, esinokhalo oluphakeme, njengengubo ende, eyodwa, ebambayo, ephakanyiswa yizintambo ezimbili, ngezinye izikhathi ezibanzi, ezivala amabele. Phakathi noMbuso Omusha, abacebe kakhulu babegqoka uhlobo lwekepisi elifushane, elincanyana elivala amahlombe. Indlela yokugqoka amajazi yayihlukene kakhulu, inikeza umbono wokuthi kwakhiwa izingubo ezihlukahlukene.
Ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa i-muslin enhle kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi babeyingxenye yezindwangu ezidayiwe nezipendiwe zesigaba esiphezulu, ezihlotshiswe ngamaphethini ahlukahlukene okuthi, isibonelo, alingise izimpaphe ezifana namaphiko e-Isis. Izisebenzi bezigqoke izingubo ezixegayo, ezinye zinqunu.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamaRoma, emathuneni amaCopt, kwatholakala izigqoko zefomu lamaRoma kanye nemihlobiso efana naleyo eyayisetshenziswa amaKristu emigodini (i-clavi kanye ne-calliculae), kanti ezinye phakathi kwazo zingenayo imithungo (engenamthungo). izingubo).
Calzado
Izicathulo zingaba ngezokusetshenziswa ekhaya noma zemikhosi, ezazisetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene kanye nabantu abathile.
Babesebenzisa izimbadada ezenziwe ngomhlanga noma ngemicu yemifino, okwakungakhiwa ngayo amakhosi nezikhulu ngezinye izinto, njengesikhumba esilukiwe, futhi besebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zokuhlobisa, bagcine ngokuthiphu eligobile elibheke phezulu. Isigaba senkolo sasisebenzisa njengephepha-papyrus.
I-"rack rack" yayiwumsebenzi wokuphatha obaluleke kakhulu. Umnikazi wayephethe ukulungisa amafayela, ukuhlela okwakudingeka ngaphambi kohambo lwangempela, ukuqoqa izicelo ekuqulweni kwamacala, njll. (Esikhathini sethu, le ndima ifana nekanobhala ozimele wongqongqoshe noma umongameli weqembu).
Owayenegama lomuntu ogqoke izimbadada zikaFaro wayengomunye wamadoda ayehlonishwa kakhulu ezweni. (Le ndima iboniswa inoveli ethi Ramses, ebhalwe nguChristian Jacq. U-Ameni, omunye wabalingiswa abasemqoka, ungumthwali wezimbadada zikaRamses II.)
Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, umuntu ovamile wayehamba engagqokile izicathulo futhi kuphela emcimbini okhethekile wayegqoke izimbadada: lapho kufanele ahambe endaweni ethile, wayegqoka izimbadada zakhe esandleni sakhe noma azibophe ekupheleni komhlanga ukuze agqoke izicathulo zakhe lapho. wafika lapho eya khona.
Maquillaje
Ukusetshenziswa kwezimonyo bekulokhu kucatshangelwa kahle, baze babe nenganekwane echaza lesi siko: lapho uHorus elwa nomalume wakhe uSeth walahlekelwa iso, yingakho wasungula izimonyo ukuze abuyisele ukuphelela ebuhleni bakhe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yezimonyo ukulungisa umonakalo odalwe yisikhathi noma izingozi zempilo ewusizo ngakho-ke kusemthethweni. Lokhu kuchaza izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo efana namafutha, i-kohl, amaconsi wamehlo, izindebe zomlomo nezihlathi.
Yakhelwe abaseGibhithe bokuqala futhi yasetshenziswa kusenesikhathi: izinsalela zekhulu le-160 BC ziye zatholwa, futhi izindlela zokupheka ezingaphezu kuka-XNUMX ezichaza ukulungiswa kwazo, ngezinye izikhathi ezithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Amathuna ngokuvamile aqukethe yonke into edingekayo ukuze kube nobuhle kubhasikidi owodwa: izimbiza zamafutha okugcoba, opende, amafutha, i-kohl emashubhu omhlanga, nezibuko zethusi ezipholishiwe.
Izimpushana zazisetshenziswa abesifazane ukwenza isikhumba sobuso sibe mhlophe. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene ze-mascara zazisetshenziselwa amehlo: omnyama ukuze agcizelele futhi agcizelele isimo sawo se-alimondi, futhi oluhlaza okotshani nemivimbo.
Izimonyo zamehlo zazisetshenziswa abesilisa nabesifazane. Ngokugaya i-galena, abaseGibhithe bathola udayi omnyama, lapho udayi wawuhlukahluka ngokuvumelana nobuhle bempushana: lapho uncishiswa ube yimpuphu ecolekile kakhulu, udayi wawumnyama omnyama kakhulu; uma yayichotshozwe kancane kancane, yayinokubonakala kwensimbi.
Ngalempushana, benza i-kohl. Izimonyo zamehlo zenziwe nge-malachite futhi i-ocher yasetshenziselwa ukufeza umbala obomvu abesifazane ababependa ngawo izindebe nezihlathi.
Yonke le mikhiqizo ixutshwe namafutha ezilwane ukuze ihlanganiswe futhi ithole isikhathi eside sokuphila. Abantu baseGibhithe kwakungabantu basendulo ababesebenzisa ubuciko bezimonyo kakhulu, akekho owayebusebenzisa kangako. Izimonyo zaqala ukusetshenziswa ukuvikela emiphumeleni yesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile saseGibhithe.
Ngakho, i-kohl ivikela futhi yelapha i-conjunctivitis, namafutha anephunga elimnandi ayakhonza, futhi asasebenza, ukuthambisa isikhumba futhi abuyisele ukunwebeka. Izinzipho zeminwe nezandla nazo zazipendwe ngehena. Abantu abasezingeni eliphansi kuphela ababegqoka ama-tattoo.
Babengazi nge-distillation ngakho-ke, abazange benze amakha ngotshwala. Nokho, babetshala izimbali ukuze banambithe eminye imikhiqizo.
I-Fayoum (isifunda esizungeze ichibi eliwugwadule, esondliwa yingalo yeNayile) yayiyindawo yokukhiqiza eyinhloko, ikakhulukazi eMbusweni Omusha, lapho izikhukhula zilawulwa yi-dikes.
Izakhi ezihlukene zezimbali zahlukaniswa, zadlula ngesihlungo futhi zaguqulwa zaba ama-paste aphunga. Amafutha abaseGibhithe ababewasebenzisela izinwele zabo futhi ababegcotshwa ngezigaxa ezimhlophe ezibekiwe aboniswa emidwebeni yasemathuneni.
Isitayela sezinwele
Ukushefa ikhanda kwakuvamile phakathi kwamadoda, ukuze bazimboze basebenzisa amawigi angamanga, futhi abesifazane i-headdress engavamile (ubuciko) eyakhiwa ngendwangu eyisikwele, eyenziwe ngendwangu enemigqa, eqinile ebunzini futhi ewa ezinhlangothini.
Izicukuthwane zazigqoka iwigi, evamile kubo bobabili ubulili, kwakuyizinwele ezivame kakhulu. Yenziwe ngezinwele zemvelo kanye noboya behhashi, nezinye izingxenye zokuhlobisa ezifakiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, nenhle ngezinye izikhathi esetshenziswa izibuko ezincane ezigcwele amakha.
Amakhanda aphuce; AbaseGibhithe bangabokuqala ukususa izinwele ngendlela ehlelekile. Kubo, lalimelela isintu maqondana nobulwane obufanekiselwa izinwele, kangangokuthi abapristi babeze bahlwithe amashiya nezinkophe zabo ngaphambi kwemikhuba.
Amagugu
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokugqoka ubucwebe umsebenzi wawo wobuhle. AbaseGibhithe babegqoke ilineni elimhlophe kakhulu futhi amagugu anikeza ithuba lokuqhathanisa.
I-Egypt yayithanda ukusetshenziswa kwemibala egqamile, amatshe acwebezelayo nezinsimbi eziyigugu. Igolide lenziwa ngamanani amakhulu ogwadule olusempumalanga yeGibhithe, kodwa futhi lalivela eNubia, okwase kungamakhulu eminyaka ikoloni laseGibhithe.
Ngokuphambene, isiliva lalilincane futhi lalingeniswa livela e-Asia. Ngakho-ke, isiliva ngokuvamile lalibhekwa njengeliyigugu kakhulu kunegolide. Ugwadule Lwasempumalanga nalo beluwumthombo obalulekile wamatshe anemibala ayigugu anjenge-carnelian, i-amethiste, nejaspi.
ESinayi, babenezimayini eziluhlaza kusukela ezizukulwaneni zokuqala, i-lapis lazuli eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanele ukuthi yayivela kude, e-Afghanistan. Ingilazi kanye nezitsha zobumba (koqweqwe lwawo phezu kwetshe noma umgogodla wesihlabathi) kwakhethwa ukuthi kuthathe indawo yamadwala njengoba ayengakhiqizwa ngemibala eminingi.
Kwakuyidolobha elithanda ubucwebe, elisetshenziswa yizo zonke izigaba zomphakathi, nakuba lezo zabalimi zazilula futhi zishibhile, ezitsheni zobumba, zamathambo noma ezinemibala. Ubucwebe babubukhulu futhi bunzima, okubonakala bubonisa ithonya lase-Asia.
Amasongo ayemahle nawo. Amatshe asetshenziswa kakhulu kwakuyi-lapis lazuli, i-carnelian, i-turquoise kanye nezinsimbi eziningi kakhulu zethusi, isiliva negolide. Yayibhekwa njengenyama yonkulunkulu.
Indalo ekhethekile yaseGibhithe yayiwuhlobo lwe-frill, olwenziwe ngesethi yamadiski ensimbi futhi lugqokwe ngqo esikhumbeni, noma phezu kwehembe elinemikhono emifushane, futhi liboshwe ngemuva. Ababusi nabo babegqoka imiqhele ewubuciko, futhi bona nezikhulu babegqoka ama- pectoral.
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