Isici sengubo yase-Afrika

Izwekazi lase-Afrika yindawo lapho kwavela khona ubuntu, izizwe zokuqala zokhokho bethu ezivamile zasungulwa lapho, yingakho uzoba nesithakazelo kukho konke okuhlobene nezingubo ezijwayelekile kanye ingubo africa izingane kanye nabantu abadala, kanye nezinye izinto.

INGUBO YASE-AFRIKA

ingubo africa

Njengakuwo wonke amazwekazi, izingubo zase-Afrika zisekela izinguquko ezihlukahlukene ngokwezifunda, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngokwesifunda sezwekazi okukhulunywa ngalo. Izingubo zendabuko zase-Afrika ezingatholakala ezindaweni ezisemngceleni weMedithera kumele zihluke ezimpahleni zophondo lwase-Afrika noma yonke i-sub-Saharan Africa.

Umlando wezingubo zase-Afrika

Izingubo ezijwayelekile zase-Afrika zensimu ngayinye zithinteka kakhulu yizimo zezulu okwakudingeka zibhekane nazo, ikakhulukazi ngokushisa kwelanga kwezindawo ze-equatorial kanye nogwadule.

Njengoba inhlangano yamanje yamazwe ingahambelani namasiko noma izizwe zomlando zesizwe ngasinye - kodwa kuwumphumela wenkathi yobukoloni baseYurophu - ezweni elifanayo lamanje kungatholakala izinhlanga eziningana ezahlukene, ngenxa yalokho, zibe nezinhlobonhlobo. izingubo ezijwayelekile ezikhomba ngayinye yazo.

Imvunulo yendabuko yase-Morocco noma yase-Algeria inezingxenye zethonya lama-Arab ngenxa yokuba seduze kwalesi sifunda, kanye neqiniso lokwabelana ngenkolo. Nakuba e-Morocco, izingubo zomdabu kakhulu yilezo zesizwe sama-Berber esiyimizulane, esixhumene kakhulu nendawo yaso ewugwadule.

Ezindaweni zase-sub-Saharan, izingubo ezijwayelekile zigcina ubuncane bazo ezindaweni lapho zizuze khona ukuhambisana okuthile futhi ziyisisekelo sabantu. Kwamanye, le mvelaphi ihlanganiswa nokumiswa kwenkolo.

INGUBO YASE-AFRIKA

Ukubukeka kuba lula ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto kanye nezindwangu njengoba umuntu ehamba eNingizimu noma eMpumalanga Afrika, kodwa ezimweni eziningi lezo zingubo zendabuko zase-Afrika, ezibuye zibe nomsebenzi wokuzivikela, kuye ngokuthi isifunda.

Zidaywe ngombala, ezinye zizichaza njengeziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zamaBerber noma ezibomvu zamaMasai, kanti kwezinye izimo ziyavela imiklamo yokhokho bezwe ngalinye. Kubuye kuvame kakhulu ukuthi izingubo zase-Afrika zihambisane nezigqoko zekhanda kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaparele, insimbi noma izinto zemvelo ezifana nezinkuni.

Kunabantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi abafundi abancane, abasicela ulwazi mayelana "nemvunulo evamile" noma "imvunulo yesizwe" yezwe elithile lase-Afrika. Ngakho-ke, sikholelwa ukuthi kuyadingeka ukwethula izinqubo eziye zalandelwa kulesi sigaba esinikezelwe ezembatho zase-Afrika.

Siyaqonda ukuthi e-Afrika noma kunoma yiliphi elinye izwekazi akukho “imvunulo yendabuko noma yesizwe” eyodwa. Wonke amazwe ase-Afrika, kanye namazwe amaningi emhlabeni, akhiwe izizwe ezihlukene noma izinhlanga ezinemikhuba yazo futhi ngokuvamile zihlukene izinhlobo nezitayela zokugqoka.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingubo ibilokhu ingaphansi kwezinguquko zemfashini, nakuba ishintshile, ngezinye izikhathi ihamba kancane kakhulu. Eqeqebeni elifanayo, noma ngisho edolobheni elilodwa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, akubona bonke abagqoka ngendlela efanayo. Nakuba kunezici ezifanayo ngazo zonke izikhathi nakuzo zonke izindawo, umnikelo womuntu ubelokhu ubalwa.

INGUBO YASE-AFRIKA

Ngakho-ke, emazweni lapho kwafakwa khona isithombe, kungenzeka ukuthi ezinye zazihluke ngokuphelele kwabanye abantu nezikhathi.

Ukuvela kokugqoka kwase-Afrika

Namuhla siphila ngokujwayela izinguquko eziqhubekayo zemfashini ezingutsheni, ukushintshanisa amafomu aphikisanayo abonisa imboni yezemfashini.

Imfashini yenza ingubo, ngezinye izikhathi ihlobise umzimba ngokuyifihla nezinye izikhathi ukukhombisa umzimba ngobuncane bendwangu obugqamisayo.

Kodwa okwakamuva kakhulu, emazweni amaningi aseNyakatho, inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye yokuzikhethela indlela yokugqoka afuna ukuyikhetha. Kodwa kuyisenzakalo sakamuva.

Lapho iYurophu izama ukulawula ingxenye enkulu yomhlaba, abeLungu balandela ama-canon aqinile kakhulu, futhi umthetho oyisisekelo wawuwukuthi umzimba kufanele ufihlwe, ukuze izingubo zibonise ubuso nezandla kuphela. futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho lokho. Kwakubhekwa njengokuziphatha okubi ukubonisa izingalo, imilenze, nanoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yomzimba, ngisho nasemabhishi.

Ngale ndlela yokucabanga, abeLungu bafika e-Afrika futhi bathola, eningizimu yeSahara, ukuthi imiphakathi eyayihlala lapho yayinemikhuba yokugqoka ephikisana kakhulu neyayo.

Njengoba kunikezwe isiko eliqinile lezenhlalakahle lokufihla isidumbu, bathola amadolobha angagcini ngokuziqhenya ngokubonisa umzimba, kodwa futhi asebenzise zonke izinhlobo zokuhlobisa ukuze awenze.

INGUBO YASE-AFRIKA

Kodwa abazange bamangale lapho bethola ukuthi kwakunamanye amasiko emhlabeni okwakungahlanganwa kuwo futhi bafunde izinto ezintsha, kunalokho bamangala ngokuthi akubona bonke ababehlonipha ukuziphatha kwabo okufanayo futhi bazama ukuphoqelela imikhuba namasiko abo.

Ngokuqhubekayo bephikelela ekushintsheni imikhuba yokugqoka, abaseYurophu baletha izimfashini zabo siqu noma bakha ezintsha (amahembe anemikhono emifushane, izikhindi, amajakhethi e-safari, njll.), baba izitayela zokugqoka emadolobheni aseYurophu. , njengabahlonishwa kakhulu baseYurophu eNtshonalanga Afrika, kuyilapho eNyakatho Afrika, babeka noma bagcina isitayela samazwe aseNyakatho yamaSulumane.

Kodwa izimfashini ezithile zomdabu nazo ziyagcinwa, njenge-bubú yamazwe aseNtshonalanga, noma isitayela sesiYoruba, i-burnus yaseMorocco, i-djellaba yaseSudan noma i-kanzu ne-cap yasezindaweni zesiSwahili.

Ngokuvamile, phakathi neminyaka yama-1930, izindawo ezintathu eziyinhloko zingacatshangelwa ngokombono wezingubo. Eningizimu nasempumalanga ye-Afrika, isitayela saseYurophu, njengezingubo zodumo, saqala ukuthatha indawo yokulingisa okwase kuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba kuze kube manje.

Ingxenye yeTanzania elisogwini, ingubo yase-Afrika ifinyelela phakathi nezwe iye eMalawi naseZambia, futhi isuka eNairobi iye eKenya, e-Uganda, eRwanda, naseBurundi. Ngaleso sikhathi, izitayela zazihluke kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi e-Angola naseMozambique.

INGUBO YASE-AFRIKA

Izikhindi namahembe anemikhono emifushane noma amaSahara seba izingubo ezivamile zokusebenza emadolobheni, kuyilapho ezindaweni zasemaphandleni izingubo zaseYurophu noma inhlanganisela yalokhu nezingubo ziyaqhubeka zigcinwa. Kancane kancane, izingubo zabesifazane zathathelwa indawo izingubo ezigqokwa emishini.

Ingubo yaseYurophu yamukelwa kabanzi kangangokuthi, ngokwesibonelo eNamibia, isitayela sekhulu le-XNUMX leYurophu Ephakathi ekugcineni sibe uhlobo lwengubo yobuhlanga yase-Afrika phakathi kwamaNama namaHerero. Imfashini yabesilisa base-Afrika ayizange ikugcine ukuthanda kwezempi njengendlela yokubonisa ubuzwe, ngaphandle kwamaZulu namaNguni.

Okunye okusha yizingubo ezibanzi ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu zabefundisi bamasonto ase-Afrika, ngokuqinisekile, ukuthatha njengesibonelo izithombe ezinyatheliswe eBhayibhelini. Ezingxenyeni ezithile zeMpumalanga Afrika, ikakhulukazi i-Kenya naseningizimu yeSudan, ubuciko bomzimba bendabuko kanye nokuntuleka noma ukushoda kwezingubo zamadoda kusekhona nanamuhla.

Ngempela, njengoba izindlela ezintsha zokuhlobisa zazitholakala, kwakhiqizwa izinhlobonhlobo ezimangalisa ngokwengeziwe zobuciko bomzimba eKenya.

Ngaleyo minyaka, ogwini lwaseNtshonalanga kanye ne-equatorial zone, amamodeli aseYurophu ezingubo zabesifazane awazange amukelwe, egcina indwangu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isendaweni noma yangaphandle, ukuhlonishwa kwayo. Amaphethini okuhlobisa izindwangu kufanele avumelane nokuthandwa kwendawo futhi izigayo zendwangu zaseYurophu zisabela kulokho okuthandwa ngamakhasimende abo ase-Afrika.

Amamodeli ethulwa emadolobheni amakhulu ngabahlengikazi (abavame ukugqokiswa abathenga kwamanye amazwe) kanye nabesifazane abavela ku-African elite. Ukugqokwa kwamadoda okungokomthetho oGwini oluseNtshonalanga ye-Afrika kuye kwahlala kuvikelekile ethonyeni lezimpahla zokugqoka zaseYurophu, kodwa izingubo zokugqoka emadolobheni aseYurophu zamukelwa abaphathi, abafundi basemanyuvesi, nezisebenzi ezisebenza emahhovisi amhlophe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingubo ze-equatorial Afrika ziba ingubo yomphakathi ophakeme, kodwa kuncane kakhulu kwi-republic yentando yeningi. Ukusuka eCongo kunamakoloni aseFrance. Nokho, i-bubo iye yagcina indawo yayo eSahel futhi isize yasakazekela eningizimu. Eqinisweni, izimfashini zaseYurophu ziye zangena kancane kakhulu lapha kunaseMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika.

Enyakatho yezwekazi, ngokuvamile, izitayela zabo kanye nokuhlobisa umzimba (umdwebo we-henna) kugcinwa. Abesifazane bamukela izingubo zaseYurophu emadolobheni amakhulu, kodwa babegqoka ngaphansi kwe-haik, noma njengaseMorocco, lapho izingubo zaseYurophu zazigqokwa ngaphansi kokushisa noma ngisho nangaphansi kwe-djellaba kanye neziliphu.

Amadoda, ngakolunye uhlangothi, athatha izingubo zomsebenzi zaseYurophu, futhi e-Egypt, izingubo zaseYurophu sekuyisikhathi eside ziyizingubo ezijwayelekile zezigaba zomphakathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngawo-1930, e-Egypt, i-tarbush yendabuko yayingatshazwa.

Ngokushesha ngemva kuka-1935, lolu hlobo lwesigqoko lwagxekwa yilabo ababezibheka njengabanenqubekela phambili, ababelubheka njengophawu lokuzithoba. Eceleni kwalesi sikhundla, umbhali wemidlalo uTawfiq al-Hakim uhola iqembu eliphikisayo elivikela ngokuqinile i-tarbush. Namuhla, nokho, isihambile, igqoke kuphela osomabhizinisi abambalwa abalandela imithetho.

INGUBO YASE-AFRIKA

Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, eqala ngo-1945, ubuzwe basebenzisa ingubo yase-Afrika njengenye indlela yokubonakalisa imibono yabo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ubuzwe obuhlukene base-Afrika babugxeka ubunqunu nokuhloba kwesikhumba ngisho nangaphezu kwabase-Europe.

Bagxeka amasiko esizwe, ngokuvamile ngokuqaphela kakhulu njengaseSierra Leone, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo bakha imfashini noma amafomu abawaguqula abe uhlobo lwengubo yesizwe. UNkrumah wachaza isitayela sokugqoka kwezwe ngo-1957 futhi walandelwa ngabahlonishwa baseNtshonalanga Afrika.

Izingubo zephathi yesi-Yoruba, iziwula ze-Kano noma ze-Bamako seziphenduke izinkulumo zobuzwe. Ngakho, ezinye izinhlobo zendabuko zezitayela zokugqoka, izitayela zezinwele, nokuhloba komzimba kwathola ukuphila okusha, ikakhulukazi lapho abasha abaphezulu becebe ngokwanele ukuba basebenzise izingubo njengenkomba yesimo sabo senhlalo.

Izitayela zezinwele zaseYurophu nemikhiqizo yobuhle eyamukelwa abesifazane yayinengeka emehlweni abantu abashisekela ubuzwe. E-Democratic Republic of the Congo, u-Mobutu wabeka i-abacus ngomthetho owenqabela isudi yase-Europe futhi ikakhulukazi uthayi. I-abacus yayiwukubonakaliswa kobuqiniso, uphawu lokulingana, ubungqabavu, ubulula.

Ekuqaleni yayiphefumulelwe izingubo ze-Maoist. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba kwaziveza e-Kinshasa kusukela ngawo-1970, i-abacus yaphinda yaveza, ngekhwalithi yokweluka nokusika, uphawu lwesikhundla emphakathini.

Imfashini yendwangu ibuyele enkabazwe nasenkabeni ye-Afrika, kodwa inezitayela namaphethini ayinkimbinkimbi kunangezinye izikhathi. Kodwa-ke, empumalanga naseningizimu ye-Afrika, abesifazane bezinga eliphezulu baphikisana nokuvela kwabo kabusha edolobheni. Imfashini yaseYurophu isithuthuke kakhulu eNairobi kunaseDakar.

Ngokuvamile, ubuzwe buboniswa kancane ngezingubo kunezinye izindlela. ENyakatho ne-Afrika, intuthuko ephawuleka kakhulu kube umzamo wokumboza kabusha abesifazane emadolobheni aseGibhithe njengophawu lwenqubo yenkolo. E-Libya naseTunisia, babone ukuvuselelwa kwemvunulo yezwe ethathwe engutsheni yasendulo yama-shaykh asemaphandleni.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhiqizwa kwezingubo "ezijwayelekile" zazalelwa emakethe yangaphandle. Amahembe amadoda ezimbali, ama-bubo ahlotshisiwe, izikhwama, njll. seziqala ukusetshenziswa, okokuqala ngabakwamanye amazwe futhi kamuva, zisakazwa phakathi kwabase-Afrika baseMelika kanye nabasekeli babo e-United States.

Izinkampani zenzelwe ukukhiqiza izingubo zomdabu kodwa ezithunyelwa e-Côte d'Ivoire (Sénoufo), kanti e-Lesotho seziqalile ukukhiqiza izindwangu zemakethe yezokuvakasha, e-Botswana ephrintiwe izindwangu kanye nama-tapestries e-Mali.

imihlobiso yomzimba

I-Afrika Yendabuko yazi izinhlobo eziningi zezitayela zokuhloba komuntu siqu, kungaba ngendlela yokuguqula ukubukeka komzimba (ukushunqulwa, imidwebo, imidwebo yomzimba, izinwele zezinwele, ...), noma ngezingubo kanye nobucwebe (isibonelo, i-djellaba enyakatho. amazwe, imigexo emikhulu yamaMasai, isiphandla, ...).

Lezi zitayela zazisetshenziselwa ukuveza umehluko wobulili, ubudala, isimo somshado, inkolo, ubuzwe, isikhundla emphakathini noma isimo esithile (umsebenzi, iphathi, ukulila, ...).

Lezi zitayela bezilokhu zingaphansi kwezinguquko zemfashini. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX eRwanda, ukukhanda izinwele okwakuwulaka phakathi kwamadoda asezingeni eliphezulu kwakuwumqhele ophakeme wezinwele owawuvumela ama-curls awele emaceleni. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, kwakuyimpoqo ukuthi intsha yase-Cuba igqoke izigqoko eziphezulu.

Namuhla, nakuba phakathi kwentsha emazweni amaningi aseNyakatho, ukuguqulwa komzimba komzimba (ukubhoboza, imidwebo, amacici, ...) kuyimfashini yakamuva nezimpawu ezintsha, kungase kubonakale kuyinqaba ukuthi ngezikhathi zamakholoni, imihlobiso enjalo, kuhlanganise nokudweba umzimba ubunqunu, kwakubhekwa njengobuqaba kanye nezimpawu zokuntula inhlonipho.

Le ndlela yokucabanga, kanye nemikhankaso eqhubekayo yokwamukelwa kwamafomu nezingubo zaseYurophu, yashintsha imfashini namasiko amaningi akhona e-Afrika, futhi yabangela ukuthi imikhuba mayelana nalokhu yayingafundwa noma iqoqwe kancane. Ngezansi kunezibonelo zokuhloba komzimba ezisetshenziswa njengamanje kweminye imiphakathi yase-Afrika.

Izici zokugqoka zase-Afrika

Ifayibha esetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenziweni kwezingubo ukotini, ngale ndlela izindlela zokudaya ezindala zisasetshenziswa nezinhlobonhlobo zemibala kanye nezinsimbi zokhuni ezijwayelekile ezinamasondo, ukuthola imiphumela efana neyanoma iyiphi imboni yendwangu yesimanje.

Ngokunjalo, umshini wokunyathelisa uqukethe inani lokuxhumana nomsebenzi womphakathi, ophawula izikhathi ezibalulekile ezimpilweni zabantu noma onquma ukuba ngoweqembu noma iqembu lohlanga.

Ngokwesiko lase-Afrika, singabona ukuthi izingcweti ze-Hausa zaseNigeria, zithola kanjani imiklamo yejiyomethri ngokushintsha umbala wezintambo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Sénoufo yaseCôte d'Ivoire, amabhande e-weave ngamasentimitha ayisithupha ububanzi, awahlanganise ndawonye, ​​​​bese Bapenda ngodayi bemvelo.

Ngokufanayo, eMali kusetshenziswa i-trichrome emhlophe, emnyama nebomvu, noma eGhana eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, obomvu nohlaza kusetshenziswa, kanti kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika aseNtshonalanga, bavame ukusebenzisa imibala efana nezinyo lendlovu, i-vanilla. , umhlaba, ocher, igolide nomnyama.

Isiko lezizwe eziningi zase-Afrika ukuhloba komuntu siqu, okusukela ekuguquleni ukubukeka komuntu ngobucwebe bemvunulo kuye kuma-tattoos noma ngopende womzimba.

Izingubo ezijwayelekile zokugqoka zase-Afrika

Ngaphakathi kwalesi siko, kugqama izingubo ezithile zezingubo zase-Afrika, phakathi kwazo:

I-Khanga: Iwucezu lwendwangu engunxande ngemibala egqamile, enomklamo omaphakathi kanye nenye ezungezile.

I-Kiteng: Indwangu eyenziwe ngendlela ebizwa nge-batik, abesifazane abayisonga esifubeni, okhalweni noma ekhanda njengomshuqulo, ngendlela efanayo naleyo esetshenziswa ngayo njengempahla yokwenza izingubo.

I-Dashiki: ingubo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda, ehlanganisa phezulu ende efinyelela ethangeni eliphezulu, ehlotshiswe ngamaphethini ahlukahlukene entanyeni, evame ukugqokwa ngesigqoko esivamile esingenalutho noma i-kufi.

I-Grand boubou: Njengoba iyimvunulo evamile yabesilisa baseNyakatho Afrika, empeleni isethi ehlanganisa ingubo, ibhulukwe nesigqoko.

Aso-Oke: Enye ingubo yowesifazane enemibala eminingi, ehlanganisa i-blouse, isiketi sokugoqa, isikhafu kanye ne-shawl, ngendlela efanayo kukhona amasethi amadoda.

Naphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zamaphethini ajwayelekile esifundeni ngasinye, izingubo zase-Afrika zinezici ezivamile ezifana nombala, ukukhanya nokuqala.

Masks Imvelo yase-Afrika kanye nomsebenzi wobuciko bendabuko

Njengengxenye ebalulekile yesiko, izifihla-buso zase-Afrika ngokuvamile zigcinelwe imikhosi yenkolo yokubonga konkulunkulu. Ngale ndlela, umuntu ozisebenzisayo angaba imimoya yamadlozi, amaqhawe ezinganekwane, imiphefumulo yezilwane, noma inhlanganisela yazo eyakha ukuxhumana nezwe lemimoya.

Imvelo yezifihla-buso zase-Afrika

Nakuba umsebenzi oyinhloko wezimpethu zase-Afrika kuwukuguqula abathwali bazo babe abantu abanamandla, ukunikeza isidalwa sohlobo oluthile ukuphila, kodwa zisetshenziswa emikhosini yezenkolo neyomphakathi njengezolimo, imingcwabo, ukuthwasa kube umuntu omdala noma ukuhlonipha owesifazane. . Ngakho, bahlanganisa izici zomuntu nezezilwane, njengendlela yokugubha ukuhlangana komuntu nendawo yakhe ezungezile.

Ngokungangabazeki, izinto ezikhethwayo zokwenziwa kwalezi zimaski ziyizinkuni, ngokusekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi izihlahla zinomphefumulo, kodwa ngendlela efanayo nezinye izakhi ezifana nethusi, ithusi, izinyo lendlovu noma i-terracotta zisetshenziswa, ngaphezu kwalokho, zidwetshwe. ngodayi bemvelo abavela ezinambuzaneni, umhlaba noma igazi, futhi ehlotshiswe ngamagobolondo, izikhumba, amathambo, amaqabunga noma izitshalo. Futhi anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nezitayela kuye ngomsebenzi eziwenzayo.

Izinhlobo zamamaski ase-Afrika

Ngaphakathi kwamasiko aleli zwekazi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezifihla-buso ezihluka ngesizwe ngasinye, ake sibone ezinye zazo.

I-Kanaga esuka eMali:Isetshenziswa ngesikhathi somkhosi we-Dogon ukuhlonipha ukudalwa komhlaba noma emikhubeni yomngcwabo yeqembu lama-Awá, le mask imelela inyoni yase-Afrika enegama elifanayo, ngale ndlela ubuso bunomumo ongunxantathu, ikhoni engxenyeni engezansi. emlonyeni, nomqhele ofanekisela amaphiko aweluliwe enyoni.

UFang waseCameroon, Gabon nase-Equatorial Guinea:Ngezici ezinwetshiwe ezinde nama-indent kusuka emehlweni kuya ezihlathini, lesi sifihla-buso sisetshenziselwa imisebenzi yezobunhloli yokuvikela ukuthula nokulwa namandla amabi. Ngokunjalo, kwaba umthombo wogqozi kumdwebi u-Picasso, encwadini yakhe ethi Les Jeunes Dames d'Avignon.

Abanye omaskandi abavelele bahlanganisa: UDan, Senufo, We, Baule, Kulango waseCôte d'Ivoire, kanye noSowie waseSierra Leone naseNigeria, Akuaba waseGhana, Andoni waseNiger, Bindji waseZaire, Bamileke waseCameroon, Salampasu waseCongo, kanye nePende d'Angola.

Kafushane, izifihla-buso zase-Afrika, ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yazo yenkolo, yezenhlalakahle ezifana: nokwamukela usana, ukumguqula abe umuntu omdala, ukumnika ukuhlakanipha nokumphelezela ekufeni.

Nazi ezinye izixhumanisi onentshisekelo kuzo:

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