Isizwe sase-Asia kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo sandulelwa idumela lomhlaba wonke lokuba yisizwe esikhiqiza usilika omuhle kakhulu nontekenteke, indwangu eyenza Izingubo zamaShayina uphawu lwesiko labo lendabuko. Funda konke mayelana nekhabethe le-Asian giant!
Izembatho zaseChina
IShayina yaba yizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuzalanisa iminyundu kasilika futhi lenze izindwangu ngezinto ezizikhiqizayo. Amasampula emivubukulo kanye nocwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi amaShayina abekhiqiza izindwangu kusukela kuNeolithic, eminyakeni engaba yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha edlule.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi eminyakeni engaba yizinkulungwane ezintathu edlule, i-sericulture kanye nokweluka usilika kwathuthukiswa kakhulu eShayina yasendulo.
Izingubo zaseShayina zinezinhlobo eziningi nezitayela zamasudi ngokuvumelana nezikhathi nezikhathi. Kukhona imvunulo yendabuko evela eZhongshan, Cheongsam nezinye eziningi ezidaliwe zasetshenziswa izinhlanga ezihlakazeke kuyo yonke le ndawo enkulukazi.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwezingubo eShayina lwenziwa ngendlela eyingqayizivele, amaphethini akhethekile nezindlela ezahlukene zokuthunga, ezingazange zipheleliswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuphela, kodwa kwezinye izimo zashintsha ngendlela emangalisayo futhi eqinile, ngokufika kobukhosi obusha. izinqumo zombuso ezingenangqondo ze-regent entsha.
Emphakathini wakudala we-feudal, isikhundla nesimo senhlalo somuntu singaziwa ngenxa yezingubo zakhe, okwenza umehluko phakathi kwezigaba zomphakathi ucace kakhulu, njengoba izingubo zansuku zonke zabantu abavamile azisoze zafana nezesigaba esiphezulu.
Phakathi kwezigaba eziphakeme ezibusayo, umehluko wawukhona futhi, isibonelo, phakathi nesikhathi uMbusi kuphela owayegqoke umbala ophuzi kanye nesibonakaliso sikadrako engutsheni yakhe, ingubo yakhe yobukhosi ekhethekile yendabuko ifakazela amandla akhe.
Ngokuqondene nabo bonke abanye ababehamba naye, ongqongqoshe, ojenene, amakhansela, nabafazi bawo, imifaniswano yabo nayo yayinemithetho, eyayibekela imingcele imibala, imiklamo, nenani lezibalo okufanele zisetshenziswe.
Azikho izingubo ezijwayelekile zesiShayina noma isudi, nakuba ezinye izitayela zokugqoka zivame ukumela isiko laseShayina emhlabeni, isibonelo, i-Cheongsam, i-Qipao, njll.
I-Cheongsam ne-Qipao yaziwa emhlabeni wonke, ikhuthaza ukuhlukahluka okuningi kwamanye amazwe, ngenxa yesitayela sayo esilula kodwa esingavamile. Kuvame ukusetshenziswa enyakatho yeChina, njengezingubo zomshado ezijwayelekile zesiko laleli zwe, nge-embroidery ebomvu, yegolide nesiliva.
Eningizimu yeShayina, omakoti bagqoka i-Qipao noma ingubo enezicucu ezimbili ebizwa ngokuthi i-Qungua noma i-Kwa, ehlotshiswe ngodrako wegolide nomklamo we-phoenix, lokhu kuyingubo yomshado yesintu ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane abafisa ukushada namuhla.
Umlando Wezingubo ZaseShayina
I-China inamaqembu ezizwe amaningi anomlando omude nesiko, nokho, amaqembu athile aye abusa izinkathi ezithile zomlando.
Izinkulungwane zeminyaka, izizukulwane zabaklami bezingubo ziye zazinikela ekuklameni nasekwenzeni izingubo zokugqoka, okwenza izingubo ezimboza umzimba womuntu zibe ingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lamaShayina, okuphinde kwasebenza ekunqumeni intuthuko yesizwe ngokushintsha kwabo izitayela.
Ukwenziwa kwezimpahla zokugqoka e-China kuqale ezikhathini zangaphambili, okungenani eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa edlule. Ukutholwa kwemivubukulo yezinto zokuthunga ezisukela eminyakeni engaba izinkulungwane eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili ubudala, njengezinaliti zokuthunga nezingcezu emathanjeni, ubuhlalu bamatshe namagobolondo anezimbobo, kufakazela ukuba khona kwemihlobiso yakuqala kakhulu kanye nezingcezu zokuthunga empucukweni yaseShayina.
Imfashini yaseShayina yayingaphansi kokushintsha, kuye ngezinkathi zonyaka, izinguquko zezombangazwe, izingxabano zempi, njll. Lapho kuqubuka izimpi, ezenzeka njalo, izitayela ezahlukene zokugqoka zazibonisa izikhundla zabantu kanye nezifunda ezivela kuzo.
Ngesikhathi se-Qin and Han Dynasties (221 BC - 220 AD)
Izizukulwane zakwaQin nezakwaHan zabona ukuhlanganiswa kwendawo kanye nolimi olubhalwayo. U-Qin Shihuang, wayengumbusi wokuqala wobukhosi bakwa-Qin futhi wasungula izinguquko eziningi nezinhlelo zokuxhumana nabantu, kuhlanganise nezingubo zesigaba ngasinye kanye nesikhundla senhlalo, okuvumela abantu ukuba bahlukaniseke.
Izinguquko eziningi ezimpahleni nasekuhlobiseni kwemfashini yaseShayina zasungulwa ebukhosini bakwaHan, phakathi kuka-206 BC no-220 AD. Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokudaya intambo, ukufekethisa, nokucutshungulwa kwensimbi kwathuthukiswa ngokushesha kulesi sikhathi, okubangela ushintsho olukhulu ezimpahleni nasezintweni.
Ngesikhathi se-Wei ne-Jin Dynasties (220 AD - 589 AD)
Izingubo zaseShayina zathuthukiswa ngokushesha ngesikhathi seNyakatho ye-Wei kanye ne-Southern Jin Dynasties. Ngaphambi kuka-265 AD, amasiko kanye nemibono yobuhle yabantu basenyakatho neningizimu yeShayina kwahlanganiswa ngenxa yokunyakaza okungapheli kwabantu okwaqalwa izingxabano ezivamile.
Izikole eziningi zomcabango wefilosofi zaba nomthelela empilweni yemiphakathi kanye nasemibonweni yokuklama imvunulo.
Ngesikhathi sobukhosi baseTang (618 AD - 907 AD)
Ubukhosi baseTang, obusuka ku-618 kuya ku-907 AD, bavumela imfashini ukuthi ibhale ikhasi elikhanyayo emlandweni wezingubo zaseShayina ezikhathini zasendulo.
Izingubo zazinezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu, izingubo zabantu zazihlukile futhi zihluke kakhulu, ngoba ababusi babo banikeza ukuvuleka okwengeziwe ezweni langaphandle, okwakhiqiza izinguquko zokucabanga nesitayela kubantu, ababa yi-cosmopolitan.
Izimpahla zashintsha ngokushesha, zagqama kakhulu, zaba nezitayela ezahlukene, abantu abaningi ababezimisele ukuzigqoka ngokujabula.
Ngesikhathi seNgoma, i-Yuan, ne-Ming Dynasties
Isitayela sokugqoka esingahlelekile savela ngesikhathi sobukhosi beNgoma phakathi kuka-960 no-1279 AD, kwakuyizingubo ezilula futhi ezinhle kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaYuan phakathi kuka-1206 no-1368 AD, iqembu lesizwe samaMongol, elaziwa ngokuthi abantu bamahhashi, laliphethe futhi isitayela sokugqoka sasiyinhlanganisela yamaMongol namaHan. Izingubo zaziwubukhazikhazi bekilasi eliphezulu, kodwa zilula ngomklamo futhi zingahlotshisiwe.
Ngokufika kobukhosi bakwaMing phakathi kuka-1368 no-1644, kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu mayelana nokugqoka. Umklamo wezingubo wawungagcini nje ngesitayela esisodwa futhi ukhuthaza ubuhle bemvelo, okunikeza amandla amaningi, okusuka kanye nokubaluleka kwesiko lezingubo.
Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Qing
Ubukhosi bakwa-Qing, obathatha phakathi kuka-1644 no-1911, babonakala ngomklamo wezingubo zikanokusho, olinganiselayo, abaningi abawuchaza ngokuthi uyakhazimula. Lo bukhosi bathatha iminyaka engaba ngu-200 futhi babona izinguquko zomhlaba ezimangalisayo njengeRenaissance e-Italy, iNguquko YaseFrance, nokutholwa kweMelika nguColumbus, kodwa izinguquko azizange zithinte imvunulo yendabuko yamaShayina.
Ngaleso sikhathi, iShayina yayinenqubomgomo yokuvalwa kweminyango, ngakho izinguquko eziningi azizange zibe nathonya, futhi abantu babesagqoke izingubo ezibonisa izinga labo, izinga lomphakathi, nendlela yokuphila. Lokhu kuntuleka kokuxhumana kanye nethonya elivela kwamasiko angaphandle kuvumele ukugcina ifa eliyigugu nomlando ezingutsheni zaseShayina.
Kusukela ngo-1930 kuya esikhathini samanje
Izingubo zaseShayina kusukela ngo-1930 kuze kube namuhla ziye zahlukahluka kakhulu, nokho, ezinye izingubo zokhokho zihlala zithandwa abantu abaningi ngezikhathi ezikhethekile, njengeQipao, phakathi kuka-1930 no-1940. , ukuzivumelanisa nokuma komzimba.
Ezinye zezingubo zomdabu ezifana ne-Qipao zahlala njengezingubo zansuku zonke e-Hong Kong kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwawo-1960. Namuhla, omakoti abaningi baseShayina bazokhetha isitayela sesimanje i-Qipao noma i-Longfeng Kwa njengempahla yabo yendabuko yomcimbi wabo womshado.
izinhlobo zezingubo zamaShayina
Izingubo zaseShayina zishintshe kakhulu kuwo wonke umlando. Kunemiklamo eminingi, izitayela nemibala ephawule ngaso sonke isikhathi empilweni yalesi sizwe, eminingi yayo esasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zezingubo zesiShayina zendabuko yilezi:
I-Pien-fu
I-Pien-fu iyimvunulo yasendulo enezicucu ezimbili enengubo engenhla efana ne-tunic efinyelela emadolweni nesiketi noma ibhulukwe elifinyelela emaqakaleni. Yayilekelelwa yisigqoko esaziwa ngokuthi i-Pien, esinomumo oyisilinda.
Ngokuvamile kwakuyizicucu ezibanzi nemikhono enomthamo omningi, kuwumklamo wemigqa eqondile evame ukukhombisa amagagasi emvelo kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ilingana okhalweni noma cha. Kuvame kakhulu ukuthi ingubo ibe ne-embroidery ebucayi, amabhande okuhlobisa noma eminye imihlobiso.
isikhwama futhi Qipao
I-Changpao, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Changshan, yabesilisa kanti i-Qipao yabesifazane iyingubo yendabuko eyaqala ukusetshenziswa yizizwe zamaManchu eziyimizulane.
Kwakuqukethe ucezu olulodwa olusuka emahlombe kuya ezithendeni, olufana nengubo noma ihembe elide, ukusika okuqondile, okuvulekile ezinhlangothini, ezinemikhono emide futhi ekhululekile. Ngokuvamile yayenziwa ngosilika wemvelo omuhle.
Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Qing, amaManchus athatha indawo emaphakathi neChina futhi aphoqa izakhamuzi ukuthi zithathe izingubo zazo zendabuko, ebezilokhu zisetshenziswa phakathi kwamaShayina kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Le ngubo yavezwa ngemva kokuwa kobukhosi bakwa-Qing ezenzakalweni ezithile ezisemthethweni kuphela. Abesilisa babeyigqoka emnyama kanye nesigqoko esinombala ofanayo, uma beya emingcwabeni.
I-Qipao iyingubo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane banamuhla, enezinguquko ezincane kusukela kumodeli yasekuqaleni. Yenziwe eduze nomzimba, ngentamo emincane noma ngaphandle kwekhola, imikhono emide noma emifushane, ukusika kwangaphambili kungaba yindilinga, isikwele noma iqonde, okufanayo kwenzeka ngobude, kuye ngokuthi ukunambitheka komuntu ogqokile, idolo, umlenze oyingxenye noma phezulu kuze kufike eqakaleni.
Kuvame kakhulu ukuthi i-Qipao yenziwe ngezindwangu ezikhanyayo, ngokuvamile ezibomvu emishadweni neminye imikhosi ekhethekile. Nakuba kungabonakala kweminye imibala namaphethini wezibalo zendabuko zaseShayina.
Shenyi
I-Shenyi iyimodeli ehlanganisa i-Pienfu ne-Changpao, isethi enezicucu ezimbili, i-tunic kanye nesiketi esinezicucu eziyishumi nambili ezihlangene, ezifana ne-Pienfu, kodwa, ngokungafani nalokhu, zahlanganiswa ngomthungo, okwenza kubonakale sengathi. ucezu olulodwa, oluxege njenge-Changpao.
Le ngubo kwakuyingubo esemthethweni ebukhosini bakwaMing, nokho, abantu abahlobene ngqo nohulumeni kanye nezazi babeyisebenzisa nsuku zonke.
Yayinemikhono ebanzi, kodwa yayingebanzi njengePienfu futhi yayizacile kunePienfu. Ibhande lalivame ukufakwa okhalweni, okwakuwukuhlobisa kakhulu kunokusebenza.
UHanfu
I-hanfu kwakuyingubo yaseShayina eyayingagqokwa yibo bobabili ubulili futhi umlando wayo usukela esikhathini sobukhosi bakwaHan, isikhathi lapho yayidume kakhulu khona, kwaze kwaba yilapho ubukhosi bakwa-Qing benqabela ukusetshenziswa kwayo.
Yayihlanganisa ijazi noma ijazi elifika emadolweni kanye nesiketi esiqondile, esincane esincane futhi esifinyelela emaqakaleni, ngemibala ekhanyayo ne-pastel yabesifazane namathoni amnyama abesilisa, abahambisana nesigqoko, kuyilapho abesifazane begqoke kakhulu. izinwele zezinwele ezicwengekile kanye nemihlobiso yezinwele.
Le ngubo isetshenziswe isikhathi eside emlandweni waseShayina futhi isasetshenziswa nanamuhla emikhosini yamasiko neyenkolo, kanye nokuba imodeli yereferensi yabaklami abaningi besimanje. Kuthiwa kugqugquzele ukwakhiwa kwama-kimono aseJapan kanye ne-Korean Hanbok.
Izici zokugqoka zaseShayina
Akunakusho ukuthi izingubo zaseShayina zinezici ezenza kube okuyingqayizivele nokungaqondakali, uphawu lwesiko laleli zwe lase-Asia.
Ngomklamo olula, imingcele ehlotshisiwe, ama-sashes ahlotshisiwe, izindwangu eziboshwe, izesekeli zehlombe kanye nama-sashes, avame ukungezwa njengokuhlobisa, ziyimiklamo ehlukahlukene enezici eziyingqayizivele ezenza ingubo yesiShayina ibe yinto ekhethekile. Phakathi kwezici ezivame kakhulu zezingubo zaseShayina, sithola:
1-Imibala emnyama
Imibala emnyama isetshenziswa kabanzi ezingutsheni zendabuko zaseShayina, ngokuthandwa kwalokhu kunemibala ekhanyayo. Izingubo zomkhosi ngokuvamile zazimnyama ngombala, kodwa zineziphetho eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezicwebezelayo. Amathoni akhanyayo ngokuvamile ayehlonishwa ezingutsheni zansuku zonke zesakhamuzi esivamile.
2-Umbala wemishado ubomvu
Obomvu umbala osetshenziswa kakhulu, okuyintandokazi emikhosini eminingi nemicimbi kumaShayina amaningi, njengoba umele inhlanhla nokuba mnandi.
E-China, abantu abaningi bagqoka okubomvu lapho begubha eminye imikhosi noma imicimbi ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwabo, njengomkhosi womshado waseShayina.
Imibala yegolide nesiliva isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlobiseni uma kuziwa kokuthile okuhle, njengemikhosi yokuzalwa, ukukhushulwa kanye nemishado, njengoba ifanekisela ingcebo, ukuchichima nokuchuma.
3-Imibala ngokwezinkathi zonyaka
AmaShayina ahlobanisa imibala ethile nezinkathi ezithile zonyaka, isibonelo, oluhlaza lumelela intwasahlobo nasempumalanga, obomvu umele ihlobo naseningizimu, omhlophe umele ikwindla nentshonalanga, kanti omnyama umelela ubusika nasenyakatho.
4-Imibala yomngcwabo imhlophe nemnyama
Imingcwabo e-China yenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngeminyaka yomuntu oshonile, isimo sakhe senhlalo kanye nezimbangela zokufa. Nokho, kunoma yikuphi, imibala yezingubo zokugqoka emngcwabeni imnyama nemhlophe.
5- Izifo
Imiklamo ye-peony ne-lily yamanzi yayisetshenziswa kabanzi ezingutsheni, njengezimpawu zengcebo nobuhle.
Kwakukhona imiklamo ethile ehloselwe izingubo zobukhosi zendabuko, ezazihlotshiswe ngokujwayelekile ngamadragoni, namuhla lawo maphethini ombuso aqala ukuthandwa, abantu abaningi abagqoka imodeli endala namuhla, bakhetha le miklamo yokhokho.
I-Chinese Imperial Dress
I-Longpao noma ingubo kadrako, imvunulo yombuso wamaShayina, isitayela sejazi elide, enokufekethiswa okunemininingwane nokucophelela kukadrako. Ababusi baseShayina basebenzisa i-Longpao ukuya enkantolo nsuku zonke, kwakuwuhlobo lomfaniswano osemthethweni.
Kodwa-ke, ayenokusetshenziselwa okukhethekile emikhosini, imikhosi kanye nokuvakashela eThempelini, ayenziwe ngosilika wekhwalithi engcono kakhulu enemihlobiso ebalulekile. Lezi zingubo zaziwubukhazikhazi kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuzenza, zazidinga cishe umsebenzi wabasiki bengqephu abane abangochwepheshe kulesi siqeshana futhi ukucaciswa kwayo kwanwetshwa cishe eminyakeni emibili.
Amanye amarekhodi abonisa ukuthi i-Longpao inamadragoni ahlotshisiwe ayisishiyagalolunye, ngokuvamile atholakala esifubeni, emhlane, emadolweni, emahlombe nangaphakathi kwesudi.
Emphakathini wakudala wamafeudal, abantu babegqoka ngokwesigaba sabo senhlalo kanye nesimo, ngakho kwakulula ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabantu abavamile nabantu bezinga eliphezulu. Ngamunye wayenemithetho ethile ephathelene nezingubo zabo, amamodeli, imibala kanye nemiklamo, ngezingubo ezifana neLongpao ezazihloselwe ukusetshenziswa uMbusi kuphela.
Isudi yokuqala yombuso yayimnyama, nokho umbala wayo washintsha ngokuya ngobukhosi ngokushintshana, isibonelo:
- Ubukhosi bakwa-Xia, ubukhosi bakwa-Zhou kanye nombusi wokuqala wakwa-Qin basebenzisa umnyama njengombala wabo osemthethweni.
- Ubukhosi bakwaSui noTang bakhethe umbala ophuzi.
- Izizukulwane zeNgoma nezakwaMing zenza umbala obomvu waba semthethweni njengombala wombusi kanye nenkantolo.
Izingubo eChina ngesikhathi seRevolution
Ngemva kokuba IQembu LamaKhomanisi laseShayina lithathe izintambo kuleli zwe lase-Asia, esinye sezinqumo zalo kwaba ukuvala wonke amasiko ayehlobene nombuso wamaShayina owasuswa. Ngakho-ke, izingubo ezahlukene zesiShayina zendabuko kanye nezinkulumo zobuciko ezihlukene zibhekwa njengamathuluzi ezigaba eziphezulu kanye nonxiwankulu ukwenza izinkomba ezigabeni zomphakathi.
Njengoba i-Mao Zedong inamandla, izakhamuzi zaseShayina zashiya ngemuva izingubo zendabuko ezinhle neziyingqayizivele, ukuze zigqoke amasudi e-Zhongshan aziwayo noma amasudi e-Maoist.
Igqugquzelwe yisitayela saseNtshonalanga, iqukethe ijakhethi ye-lapel eqondile, amaphakethe ama-flap amane, izinkinobho ezinhlanu zangaphambili nezithathu kumkhono ngamunye oqondile. Abaholi abasha bezombangazwe baqinisekisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezingubo eShayina luhlanganisa abantu, ngoba lwalusetshenziswa yizo zonke izakhamuzi ngokulinganayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziluphi uhlobo noma ubulili.
Sikumema ukuthi uthintane nezinye izihloko kule bhulogi, ongase ube nesithakazelo kuzo: