Izinganekwane zaseBasque, abalingiswa bayo nezidalwa

I-Euskal Herria, noma eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Basque Country, iyindawo ekahle yokwethula uchungechunge lwezidalwa ezingavamile, izinganekwane nezinsumansumane ezifakaza ngokunothisa amasiko kulesi sifundazwe. Yazi ngalokhu okuthunyelwe amaphuzu adlulele kakhulu we Izinganekwane zaseBasque ke

I-BASQUE MYTHOLOLOGY

Izinganekwane zaseBasque nesizinda sayo

Isifundazwe sase-Navarra, i-Basque Country kanye ne-French Basque Country banezizinda ezithakazelisayo, njengoba ireferensi yabo yokuqala kuwulimi lwabo: i-Euskera. Ulimi lwayo lungahlukaniswa kalula kwamanye amasiko, nezici ezisondelene nezilimi ezikhulunywa ebuKristwini. Izazi-mlando ziyibheka njengengaphambi kweCelta, efunde kamuva. Anazi yini ukuthi ungubani I-Atlas ku-mythology? Kuyafaneleka ukubuza ngalo mlingiswa okhunjulwa abacwaningi abaningi.

Ukuba khona kwama-Basques kungenye iphuzu elithakazelisayo, elivela ku-Neolírico nedatha eqinisekisiwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulimi lwesi-Basque lwangena ngokugcwele esigabeni samasiko esibizwa ngokuthi ubuKristu ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Ukuze bangavumeli ulimi lwabo lwebele lufe, bancamela ukusebenzisana namanye amasiko afana nowamaRoma, ukuze basakaze imibono yabo futhi bafunde emisha evela e-Italy. Kuncane okwakungazuzwa ngenxa ka-Euskera, ngoba ubuKristu bazuza uzwela ezizukulwaneni ezintsha.

UbuKrestu baqeda konke okwakusendleleni yabo, ikakhulukazi amasiko amaqaba namakholwa athakathayo. Izisulu ezifa ezahlupheka ezinganekwaneni zaseBasque kwakungabathakathi baseZugarramundi, abashiswa bafa eLogroño auto-da-fe ekhulwini le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Kodwa-ke, indaba isitshela ukuthi abathakathi bahlaselwa kusukela ekhulwini leshumi nesikhombisa ngokushushiswa okungapheli, ukuze kuqedwe ubuqaba ekukhuleni okugcwele kokholo lobuKristu.

U-Eskal Herria unezinto eziningi angazisho ukuze abonise inganekwane enkulu yasendulo, abathakathi bangabalingiswa ababulalayo bokuvalwa komjikelezo wezinkolelo. UPierre de Lancre wayeyiphayona ekubulaleni bonke abathakathi ababefuna ukuphazamisa le nkolelo entsha. Kusukela kulo mcimbi, wonke amadolobha aqala ukusabalalisa amaqiniso ukuze adlulisele zonke izici noma izinkolelo ezibonisa inganekwane ethakazelisayo yamaBasque.

UCarlos Baroja wenza isitatimende ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuba khona kobuthakathi baseBasque nokuthi bube yingxenye yezinganekwane kanjani:

«Ubuthakathi baseBasque bubonakala njengesimo senhlalo esintekenteke. I-Presumo iyinhlangano yamaqaba eyenza amaBasque amaKhatholika abukeke njengabeZizwe.

I-BASQUE MYTHOLOLOGY

Ngalolu lwazi kulula ukuqonda ukuthi kungani iNkosi yaseCastile Enrique IV yakhipha isitatimende esingenakuhlehliswa sokushushisa bonke abathakathi noma abazwelana nobuqaba ngaphandle kwesicelo sokuzivikela. Ukuthethelelwa kwegunya kungumonakalo odalwe ukucwasa kwabathakathi endaweni yaseBasque, abaqhubeka beqinile ekuvikeleni ulimi lwesiBasque kanye nesikole salo sokucabanga.

Abathakathi nabathakathi base-Amboto bagwetshwa kusukela ngo-1500, nakuba izinganekwane zaseBasque zikhomba "Inkosikazi yase-Amboto" njengenhlangano enamandla kakhulu, ekwazi ukuvikela wonke amakholwa ayo. Lapha kubonakala ngokokuqala ngqá uchungechunge lwemikhuba yokuhlonipha impongo esesimweni sedemoni. Udeveli wayenomfanekiso wombhobho kanye nezinye izikhathi zomnyuzi obhalwe isitayela.

Yonke into ikhombise ukuvumelana ngokubhalwa "kweSivumelwano Sezinkolelo-ze" e-Navarre, umongo waso ukhomba ku-Agustín de Hipona. Lo santa wasungula ukuthi abesifazane abasebenzisa umlingo omnyama nokunye okunjalo bayizithunywa zikadeveli ukudala uhlobo "lwenkohliso" ngemikhuba yabo yobusathane. “Ngemicabango yabantu sikwazile ukuhlukanisa ukumelwa kwezidalwa eziningi yilaba besifazane,” usho kanje.

IRoyal Council of Navarra yabona amantombazane amabili angena ngomnyango ongaphambili enamandla amakhulu angaphezu kwawemvelo. Iziphathimandla ziyavuma ukuthi ayikho inkathi yokuthwala ububi bobuqaba futhi ngenxa yalokho, kufanele zijeziswe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusakazeka kokucabanga kwazo. Umshushisi u-Avellaneda waya ePyrenees ukuze abophe izihlobo zakhe. Umphakathi wonke ulethwe enkantolo yeSilo ukuze uthole izexwayiso ezifanele.

Ngenxa yokuzingela abathakathi njengesandulela esiyinhloko sezinganekwane zaseBasque, u-Avellaneda waqinisekisa ubukhona bala maqembu axhumana nobuqaba futhi ephika izisekelo zobuKristu. Wabhala ukuthi izigodi zasePyrenees zazigcwele laba besifazane ababencoma ububi. Ngokufanayo, ichaza inkolo eyeqile yembuzi, ukusetshenziswa kweBasque kanye nesiphetho esithi "i-aquelarre" yale nhlangano.

I-BASQUE MYTHOLOLOGY

Abathakathi babevame ukwenza imihlangano yabo yokudumisa usathane njalo ngoLwesihlanu nangoMgqibelo ebusuku. I-Avellaneda ikhombisa ubuthakathi baseBasque njengokuphikisa kwakho konke okwenzeka ngesikhathi sothando, ukufa nokuvuka kukaJesu Kristu. Esikhundleni sokukhalela umhlatshelo wendodana kaNkulunkulu, bancamela ukusebenzisa izinsuku ezingcwele ukuhlonipha udeveli.

I-Avellaneda inikeza idatha ethakazelisayo eyosala yezizukulwane zezinganekwane zasendulo zaseBasque, ngenxa yophawu oluthile (isandla seselesele emzimbeni neso lesokunxele kubo bonke abathakathi). Ngakho-ke, ukuze babone izandulela zomlingo omnyama nabavikeli benhlangano emelene nobuKristu, bakhetha ukubheka ngokuningiliziwe yonke imifanekiso engokomfanekiso yembuzi noma i-coven. I Nymphs in mythology Badonsa ukunaka ngenxa yobukhona babo ezindabeni eziningi. Uyabazi?

I-Basque mythology ichaza ukuthi abathakathi benza imisebenzi yabo yemilingo ngesandla sabo sobunxele (njalo). Kunalokho, ukuze enze okuhle, amaKristu asebenzisa isandla sokunene ukuze abele wonke amakholwa awo isibusiso. Ngokukhuluma nje ngoJesu Kristu phakathi kwedolobha labathakathi, ebonisa isiphambano noma ethandaza ngezwi likaNkulunkulu, bonke ubuthakathi buzolahlekelwa umphumela wawo ngokushesha.

Ekuqaleni kwalesi sigaba, Abathakathi baseZugarramundi bavele njenge-axis ephakathi emlandweni we-Basque kanye nezinganekwane zayo. Ukuqothulwa kwakhe kwakubalulekile, kubhalwe kuwo wonke imibhalo yendawo yonke ukuze kulandiswe okwamanje okwakuzothatha isinyathelo esingalungile. INkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki yaseLogroño yasungula isijeziso esinonya kunazo zonke kulaba besifazane, isijeziso esingenakucatshangwa: ukushiswa bephila phakathi kwesixuku.

Abanye abathakathi bafa bengakuzwanga ukushisa komlilo, baze bathathwa njengezithombe zasejele. UJoseph Pérez uchaza ukuthi lezi zivivinyo zokubulala kwakuyisenzakalo esiphikisana kakhulu eSpain. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uthi izenzakalo zasePyrenees ziyisibonelo nje salokho iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki ekwazi ukusula iBasque phakade, ukukhonzwa kwembuzi yesilisa kanye nezenzo ngesandla sobunxele.

Ukuqulwa kwecala kwakuyisigaba esingokomlando sobudlova obukhulu emasikweni amaningi, nokho, ukuzingelwa kwabathakathi okwaqala ngo-1609 kwaba isenzakalo esinosizo nesidingekayo ukuze kuqedwe ububi ababebenza ngesikhathi sabo. UPierre de Lancre wenza okufanayo nabathakathi abangu-80 bashiswa eLabourd (kamuva eyaziwa ngokuthi iFrench Basque Country).

Umhla zi-12 kuMfumfu 1609 kungaba usuku olumaka ngaphambi nangemuva kwezinganekwane zaseBasque. Kuwusuku olumaphakathi lapho kwatholakala khona umthakathi ezintabeni zaseNavarra. Ezikhathini zasendulo, babenomkhuba wokwenza amasiko noma imihlatshelo endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yeZwe laseBasque. Kamuva, owesifazane ogama lakhe linguGraciana waya kumfundisi ukuze avume wonke amasiko abathakathi baseNavarra ababewenza ebusuku, ukuze alandelele lezi zenzo zobuqaba.

UGraciana nomndeni wakhe bacwaswa njengabathakathi emphakathini wamaKristu, kodwa izikhathi eziningi babephika ukuthi kunjalo. Kodwa-ke owesilisa obethunywe ezintabeni ukuyoqapha imiphakathi ukuqinisekisile ukuba khona kowesifazane nomyeni wakhe, namadodakazi akhe kanye nomkhwenyana ezintabeni ukuyokhulekela imbuzi. NgoFebhuwari 13 wangonyaka ofanayo bakhipha i-questionnaire yemibuzo engu-14 ukuze baphenye ubuqiniso balaba bathakathi.

Abaphenyi babengenalo uzwelo kule miphakathi. Ezandleni zakhe kwakukhona umgomo wokuqeda wonke amaqembu abathakathi kanye nomholi wabo, ukuze banqamule le nkinga yenhlalo eyavimbela inkolo yobuKrestu ekuzimiseni njengendlela yokuphila entsha. Abaningi babo baboshwa ngaphambi kokuba bashiswe e-Logroño, ukuze basho izitatimende ngakho konke ababekwenza ezintabeni.

imvelo yendawo

Ithonya lamasiko aseRoma lifinyelele emadolobheni amaningi e-Basque Country naseNavarra: Aragon, Catalonia, La Rioja, phakathi kwabanye. Kuzo zonke lezi zandiso zendawo, izinganekwane zaseBasque ziye zabeka imibono ethakazelisayo njengamandla abathakathi, ukuphulukisa izifo noma amasiko ukuze kugwenywe izenzakalo zemvelo ezinomthelela omkhulu njengeziphepho zikagesi.

I-BASQUE MYTHOLOLOGY

Izinkolelo

Izibalo ezifana nendodana nenyanga zidlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni we-Basque. Esokuqala zonke izindlu ezakhiwe emadolobheni kufanele zihlale zibheke eLangeni, Maqondana nenyanga izakhamizi ziyavuma ukuthi ukukhanya okukhanyisa indawo yabafileyo. Kwakunosuku oluqondile evikini lokuba abathakathi basungule imihlangano yabo ukuze bahloniphe onkulunkulu babo. Ngeziteshi zenyanga bakwazi ukukala izinyanga noma ukwethula imibono ethile yesikhashana.

Inkolo yezindlu namadlozi

Kuma-Basques, indlu akuyona nje indawo yokuhlala lapho wonke amalungu ehlangana khona, adle noma aphumule ngemva komsebenzi. Umuzi yindawo ebalulekile lapho behlonipha khona amadlozi. Kuyindawo engcwele lapho kuhlala khona abafileyo abake bahlala khona. Yindawo eyamukelekayo yokuthola ukuthula nokuthula.

Ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala nokubulawa kwabathakathi abaningi, umuntu ngamunye wasemzini wakhe wakha amathuna egcekeni ukuze angcwabe amalungu ale ndawo. Lapho ubuKristu sebubeke izisekelo zabo, leli siko lafa ngokuphelele. Iphuzu elilodwa amaKristu ahlanganyela kulo ukuhlukaniswa komphefumulo emizimbeni lapho umuntu efa, ngakho-ke, badinga ukuphumula izinsalela zabo endaweni yazo.

Imiphefumulo iyakwazi ukubuyela endaweni yayo yokuhlala endala ukuze iphumule. Ngalesi sizathu, amaBasque asebenzisa izindawo eziseduze nezindawo zawo ukuze agweme ukungqubuzana kwamasiko nabazwelana nobuKristu. Lapho ilungu lomkhaya ligula noma libhekene nezimo ezinzima, ngokuvamile linxusa abafileyo balo njengabakhulekeli abakhulu ukuze bathuthukise impilo yalo. Esinye isihloko esithakazelisayo sithi izinganekwane zamaMaya, enendaba emangalisayo nonkulunkulu abanamandla.

I-Magia

Ukukhuluma ngomlingo ngokushesha kusikhumbuza abathakathi ababeshushiswa iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki kusukela ekhulwini le-XNUMX kuya kwele-XNUMX. Bashiya uphawu olungacimeki ezinganekwaneni zaseBasque. Ekhuluma “ngomthakathi (umthakathi ngesi-Basque) kunezici ezimbili okufanele zishiwo:

  • Bangabantu basenganekwaneni abanamandla angenakubalwa okuxazulula izinkinga ezithile zomphakathi wabo.
  • Abathakathi baka-Euskal Herria. Ukushushiswa nokufa kubhekisela kwabesifazane ababi abaneziphonso ezingachazeki, okuhloswe ngazo ukudumisa imbuzi. Babangela ububi obuningi, kodwa bathola isijeziso esingenakugwenywa.

I-BASQUE MYTHOLOLOGY

Kungokwemvelo ukuhlobanisa umlingo nawo wonke amandla asetshenziswa abathakathi. Ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa okwabangelwa ukuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki, abaningi babo bavuma umsuka wabo. Ebhekene nesiphetho esingenakushintshwa, awazange afihle imibono yawo yobuqaba, okwafela kuyo izangoma eziyikhulu esigxotsheni. Kusukela ku-Basque mythology kuyadingeka ukugqamisa i-Euskal Herria amulet, efanelekile ukuphulukisa iso elibi.

Ushonile

Ukufa kufana nenhlonipho kuzo zonke izindawo zaseBasque, njengenqubo yemvelo eholela ekuphileni okuphakade. Uma isidalwa esifayo sihlushwa ukugula nokuhlupheka, izihlobo zenza imicikilisho ukuze umphefumulo uhlukane nomzimba ngokushesha. Uhambo lomphefumulo kufanele lufinyelele lapho uya khona ekugcineni, ngoba isiko lamaBasque libeka ukuthi akekho ongahlala endaweni ethile phakathi.

Uma umphefumulo ungaphumuli ngokuthula uvame ukuvela ekhaya lapho kwakuhlala khona izihlobo. Ku-modus operandi yakhe, ukucela izifiso ezimbalwa okufanele zigcwaliseke ngokugcwele ukuze afinyelele lapho eya khona, ngaphandle kokuhlala endaweni ezungezile. Uma zonke izifiso sezifezekile, umufi uzobuyela endizeni yakhe entsha ukuze abe nokuthula.

Lawa matshe esikhumbuzo abe yindawo yokungcwaba izidumbu zabashonile. Njengesiko lomkhosi, amalungu omndeni aletha ukudla nezingubo zokuvalelisa kothandekayo wawo. Kuyaphulukisa emoyeni wakhe ukugqoka izingubo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ekuphileni komuntu oshonile, ukuze aphathe izinto ezibalulekile.

abalingiswa basezinganekwaneni

Ingenye yezigaba ezithakazelisa kakhulu zezinganekwane zaseBasque. Lapha onkulunkulu, izidalwa noma izethulo ezixubile zigcwele eziphakamisa isiko elaziswa kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, liphathwa kabi ngokushushiswa okuningi.

IMari: Ungunkulunkulukazi wesifazane ovelele kunabo bonke ezinganekwaneni zaseBasque. Ngokuvamile ihlala kuzo zonke izintaba, indawo ekahle lapho abathakathi bengabuthana khona ukuze bagubhe amasiko abo. Waziwa nangokuthi u-Lady of Amboto, Maddi noma u-Mari de Amboto, uyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuba uMama Womhlaba, umdali wendawo yonke ophakeme kakhulu, onamandla kunawo wonke izindlovukazi zase-Basque.

Ekuboneni kokuqala, uhlukaniswa nomzimba kanye nezici zowesifazane ovamile, kodwa ngamandla angenakucatshangwa okubusa umhlaba ngokukhululeka kwakhe. Njengoba enguMama wayo yonke indalo, unomthelela onamandla endleleni imvelo esebenza ngayo. Njenganoma yimuphi unkulunkulukazi, unezinhlobo ezahlukene, nombala oluhlaza ovezwe kahle kakhulu. I-Mari ingaba isihlahla, inyoni, noma umfanekiso womuntu onezinzipho esikhundleni sezinyawo. Kuvame ukuba umlilo noma uthingo oluhle oludonsa wonke amafu emibaleni yawo egqamile.

Izinwele zakhe zibomvu, zifana negolide elikhazimulayo emisebeni ehlaba umxhwele yelanga. Wazala amadodana amabili aphila ngokungqubuzana ngamandla: uMikelats no-Atarrabi. Ngezinjongo zezikhathi zangaphambi kobuKristu, iwukumela okuphumelelayo kokuhle nokubi.

IMari ibonakala esiqongweni sezintaba, okungukuthi, eziqongweni zazo. Labo ababekhulekela isithombe sakhe kwakudingeka bakhulume nomfanekiso wakhe (abakhuluma ulimi lwesigodi lwama-hika) futhi baphume emhumeni wase-Amboto ngendlela amakholwa angena ngayo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, akekho kulabo abakhona ongahlala phansi ukuze aphumule lapho bekhuluma nonkulunkulukazi.

Abaqambimanga, amasela nabantu abaziqhenyayo bajeziswa kanzima nguMari. Inamandla amakhulu okulawula ama-meteorite noma ukunyakaza kwe-telluric. Ishintsha ukuhleleka kwezinto, ibangele ngisho nemvula, ngisho noma isibhakabhaka sicace ngokuphelele. Ukuziphatha kwakhe nabantu kuyehluka: uma eyisidalwa esibi, unelungelo lokumjezisa; uma ethandana, angaba ngowesifazane othobekile kunabo bonke emhlabeni.

Wenza ngobulungisa obuphelele. Uma umuntu eshiya noma efihla imininingwane yazo zonke izinto zakhe, unkulunkulukazi uhlwitha kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala ngoba ungumqambimanga. Lapho iziphepho sezizohlasela indawo ethile, unkulunkulu ubikezela kusengaphambili amashwa angase avele.

Indaba kaMari yazalwa ngemva kokudalwa kobuKristu. Ukuziphatha kwakhe kufana ncamashi nokukaGea, ngokuthola ikhaya eliphelele emhumeni ukuze aneliseke ngawo wonke amandla akhe. Uvame ukunikeza izipho kubo bonke abantu abajabulela ukuzwelana naye, ikakhulukazi uma esothandweni uma enza lezi zenzo.

Nakuba u-Amboto kuyikhaya lakhe alikhonzile, uvame ukushintsha imigede njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa. Lapho esendleleni, izakhamuzi zingambuka esibhakabhakeni ngemoto yakhe yomlilo. Uma ehlukanisa ukuthi izimvula ziye zaba namandla kuleyo ntaba, ushintsha isimo sakhe sezulu athole ilanga elikhazimulayo elitholakala ithafa elingumakhelwane. Lapha uhlukanisa unkulunkulukazi olinganayo, nje owaba inhlalakahle kubo bonke okubafaneleyo.

Imvelaphi kaMari ayiqiniseki ngandlela-thile, ngoba wakhulelwa umkhaya onamalungu ambalwa. Unina akazange akhathazeke ngokuletha isidalwa esisha emhlabeni, ngoba eneminyaka engu-20 kwadingeka anikele umphefumulo wakhe kuDeveli. Ekugcineni, waphumelela, wazala intombazane enezici ezinhle. Lapho uMari esezohlanganisa iminyaka engu-20, wamvalela ebhokisini lengilazi egadwe ngeso elibukhali.

Imizamo yokunakekela indodakazi yakhe ayanele. Udeveli waphula ibhokisi lengilazi ukuze athuthe owesifazane emhumeni ka-Amboto, ukuze aphile lapho phakade. Enye inguqulo ithi ngesiqalekiso umama asiphonsa endodakazini yakhe: "Ngithemba ukuthi uSathane uyakuthatha" kwaze kwaba yilapho amazwi akhe engokwesiprofetho amthatha ahambe naye endaweni engaziwa.

Walwa namandla kaGaueko, unkulunkulu wobumnyama, owaqeda ukoma kwakhe ngokudla ngezimbuzi noma izimvu ezibayeni. Ngenxa yokunyamalala okukhulu kwalezi zilwane, uMari wabhapathiza inyanga njengendodakazi yakhe yokuqala, enikeza ukukhanya emasimini ukuze axoshe indlala yalo nkulunkulu. Ubusuku baqhubeka buyindawo ekahle yokuhlasela, ngakho iMari yaqinisa amandla enyanga ukuze ivikele izidalwa ezingenangozi.

Ukuvala ngalo nkulunkulukazi, kunezinye izinguqulo zomlingiswa wakhe, othi ungowesifazane obulalayo, owesabekayo, okwazi ukubangela zonke izinhlobo zembubhiso. Ehlubuka ebuKristwini, wavimba izingane zakhe ezi-5 ekutholeni isibusiso sikaNkulunkulu emanzini obhapathizo. Wazama ukuvimbela izingane zakhe ukuba zingayi esontweni neziphonso zakhe, wadala umonakalo omkhulu.

I-Jentilak: Ziyizidalwa ezinkulu ezaphila ngesikhathi seNkathi Yamatshe. Nakuba ubukhulu bawo bungaba i-ace emkhonweni wabo, babeyizinto ezingenabungozi ezanyamalala ngenxa yabakhandi bensimbi. Bonke babengamaqaba ngaphandle kuka-Olentzero, owamukela ukufika kukaJesu Kristu ukuze anikele ngokuphila kwakhe ngenxa yabantu.

I-Mairuak: Kubhekwa njengabakhi abahle bezindlu nezindawo zokuhlala ezintengayo ezinganekwaneni zaseBasque. Ngemibono emikhulu yezakhiwo yangaleso sikhathi, enomfanekiso ophakeme wendawo yokuhlala njengendawo yokukhulekela. E-Spain lisho "fairies Enchanted".

I-Sorginak: Isizwe sabathakathi abalalela imiyalo kaMari. Bayiqembu labefundisikazi abanamandla amaningi.

I-Basajun: Wayeyindoda yasendulo yomdabu wase-Basque, enesimilo esishisayo, elungele ukuvikela amahlathi nemihlambi yawo. Wayazi kahle kakhulu ngezolimo, ukutshala nokunakekelwa kwezitshalo nezilwane. Isivikelo saphezulu sasingadingeki ukuze amaBasajaun avikele izithakazelo zawo.

I-San Martin Txiki: Waphatha isibalo sabapristi ngesimo songqondongqondo, okwazi ukunikeza izifiso ezithile emphakathini. Abanye abacwaningi bathi imisebenzi njengamaKatolika ayefisa ukuhlanza izwe kubuqaba.

amabele: Kwakuyimikhovu ehlala ekhaya ehlala ezintabeni zase-Aragonese, ngaphansi kwegama-mbumbulu elithi "enemiguillos". Umoya wakhe wawungalahliwe, ekwazi ukwenza ububi obumnandi. Okuwukuphela kwendlela angayenza ukuze athambise indlela yakhe yokuphila kwaba ngabefundisi bamaKatolika.

Urtz: Unkulunkulu wezulu nomkhathi. Isampula yobukhulu obukhulu be-vault ephakeme kakhulu phakathi nendalo yobunkulunkulu. Ngokuvamile ubangela izenzakalo zemvelo ngesikhathi esivumelana naye, noma aguquke abe ezinye izidalwa ukuze zinganakwa ngokwemvelo.

I-Ortzi: Onkulunkulu bavame ukuthukuthela kalula uma amadoda enze ubugebengu obungenakucatshangwa. U-Ortzi akahlukile, ngisho nokuduma noma umbani wethusa labo abakhona. Ungunkulunkulu owesatshwayo ngesiko lamaBasque, odedela iziphepho zikagesi ezinkulu ukuze acime intukuthelo yakhe.

I-Euria: Kubhekise emvuleni u-Ortzi ayikhipha esibhakabhakeni. Kubhalwe njengesipho esivela kulo nkulunkulu ukunciphisa uchungechunge lokuduma nombani owela indiza yasezulwini.

Imvamisa inencazelo yebika elihle noma leyo nhlanhla isizofika emhlabeni. Isibonelo, uma ngoLwesine imvula ikhona usuku lonke, kusho ukuthi inala ingqongqoza emnyango wakho.

Iphinde ibe nezincazelo ezihlobene nokufa nemingcwabo. Uma umuntu eshonile bese kungcwatshwa ngosuku lwemvula, kusho ukuthi umphefumulo wakhe usufinyelele ezulwini ngenxa yezenzo zakhe ezinhle.

Elura: Ezweni lesi-Basque noma i-Navarra, lesi sici sichaza iqhwa njengophawu lokuchuma nokuchichima. Kuyisibikezelo esithile sokufunda indlela yokuphila eqhutshwa ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.

Eguzki: Ayilutho futhi ayilutho oluncane kunelanga. Le nto engaphakathi kwezinganekwane zase-Basque ihlonishwa kakhulu izakhamuzi zakhona ngokucela umusa okumelwe unikezwe.

Kungumqondo obonakalayo uNkulunkulu abheka ngawo konke okumzungezile, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa imininingwane yezakhamuzi nezenzo zazo (ezinhle noma ezimbi). Izindlu kwakudingeka zihambisane nelanga, ukuze abafileyo babe nohambo olunokuthula lokuya ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa lapho umjikelezo wabo endizeni yokugcina usuphelile.

I-Llargui: Igama elithi ngolimi lwesi-Basque lisho "inyanga". Uyinkosikazi yasebusuku, umvikeli wazo zonke izidalwa ezingenakuzivikela ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya kwemvelo.

Kuthonya ukuphakamisa isimo, kanye nokwandisa igagasi lamanzi ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa. Kuvame ukukhanyisa imiphefumulo yabafileyo lapho bethatha uhambo oluya ekuphileni kwangemva kokufa, njengendlela edingekayo ukuze bafinyelele lapho beya khona.


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  1. Ubhekele idatha: I-Actualidad Blog
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.