Sikumema ukuthi wazi izinganekwane zamaRoma ezivelele kakhulu kusukela zasetshenziswa amaRoma ezilinganisweni ezazinwebeka futhi zinqoba izindawo kuze kube yilapho ziba uMbuso Omkhulu WaseRoma. Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela izindaba nezinsumansumane zamaRoma ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma Qhubeka ufunda lesi sihloko futhi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nesiko lamaRoma!
izinganekwane zamaRoma
Izinganekwane zamaRoma ziyiqoqo lezinkolelo umphakathi waseRoma waseRoma lasendulo owawunalo, owakhiwa ngenxa yokuthi amaRoma angaleso sikhathi somlando ayenemicikilisho eminingi njengoba ayemelela izinganekwane zokuqala nezinkolo.
Lapho kungashiwo khona ukuthi izinganekwane zamaRoma zaziwukuhlanganisa okwenziwa izimbongi zamaRoma ezamukela izinganekwane nezinsumansumane ezivela kwezinye izizwe, njengalezo zamaGreki, zamukela izindaba eziphathelene nonkulunkulu nabalingiswa ababethambekele kakhulu ngalezo zikhathi. Ngale ndlela, izinganekwane zamaRoma zaba usizo kakhulu njengoba abantu baseRoma bethola amandla futhi baba uMbuso omkhulu.
Kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwababhali baseRoma abanjengoVirgil no-Ovid, ababhala izinganekwane zamaRoma ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi basakaza izinganekwane zamaRoma ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, benikeza izibalo ezingokomfanekiso njengoba ziye zathatha isikhathi eside, njengo-Aeneas, uVesta, uJuno. nabasunguli beRoma ngokwalo abaziwa ngokuthi uRomulus noRemus.
Umsuka kanye Nezimpawu Zezinganekwane ZaseRoma
Ngokusho kochwepheshe nabacwaningi bezinganekwane zamaRoma. AmaRoma ayengenazo izindaba ezilandelanayo njengoba onkulunkulu bawo babeqhathaniswa nonkulunkulu bamaGreki ngoba izimbongi zaseRoma zanquma ukuthatha amamodeli amaGreki ukuze zitshele izinganekwane zamaRoma ekupheleni kwenkathi yeRiphabhuliki yaseRoma. Kodwa owawunakho eMbusweni WaseRoma kwaba:
- Babenesimiso esichuma kakhulu semikhuba nemikhosi, kanye neqoqo lezikole zabapristi kanye nezixuku lapho onkulunkulu babehlanganyela khona.
- Iqoqo elicebile kakhulu lezinganekwane zamaRoma nomlando lapho bahlangana khona futhi kusukela lapho isisekelo nokuvuka komuzi kwakhiwe izenzo zabantu abahlukahlukene ngokungenelela ngezikhathi ezithile konkulunkulu bamaRoma.
Abacwaningi abaningi abenze umsebenzi emlandweni waseRoma baye bathi uMbuso WaseRoma wadala ubunye futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo isiko eliyingqayizivele. Kodwa ukwengeza ulwazi lwamanye amasiko, ikakhulukazi izinganekwane zamaGreki, yingakho izici eziyinhloko zezinganekwane zamaRoma yilezi ezilandelayo:
- AmaRoma ayezinikele kakhulu ezinkolelweni zawo nakunkulunkulu bawo.
- Izinganekwane zamaRoma ezilandisa ngomlando wonkulunkulu bawo ziqala ukuvela sezifinyelela umvuthwandaba wenkathi yeriphabhuliki lapho izimbongi zaseRoma ziqala ukubhala izindaba ezifana nezibonelo zenkolo zaseGreece.
- Onkulunkulu bamaRoma babenezici eziningi kanye nokusebenzisa kwabo okwabenza bahluka kwabanye onkulunkulu.
- AmaRoma ayenonkulunkulu abaningi abahlukahlukene emsebenzini ngamunye njengokuvikela izilwane, imvelo, nemisebenzi yezolimo.
- AmaRoma ayenikela indima ethile kunkulunkulu ngamunye wamaRoma owayehlobene kakhulu nemisebenzi yabantu.
Izinganekwane Nezinganekwane ZamaRoma ezivelele kakhulu
Umbuso wamaRoma waziwa ngezindaba nezinsumansumane zamaRoma ezilandiswa ngesisekelo sawo kanye nobudlelwano obunabo nonkulunkulu bezinganekwane obumelwe yimbongi u-Ovid, ongomunye wongcweti bemibhalo yamaRoma. izinganekwane nezinsumansumane.
Yingakho amaRoma elokhu ekholelwa ezintweni ezingaphezu kwemvelo futhi kuye kwabonakala ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni zamaRoma eziye zaxoxwa kusukela ekusungulweni kweRoma noMbuso WaseRoma. Kungakho sinazo phakathi kwezinganekwane zamaRoma ezivelele kakhulu ezilandelayo:
Inganekwane YamaRoma kaRomulus noRemus
AmaRoma aziqhenya ngezinganekwane zamaRoma ezicebile nezihlukahlukene kanye nezinganekwane mayelana nesisekelo nokwandiswa kwedolobha lawo lokuqala, inganekwane yamaRoma ebaluleke kakhulu ekaRomulus noRemus, lapho kuthiwa laba zelamani namawele ababili babengabantwana bakaRhea Silvia. futhi kusukela Mars.
Ngokusho kwembongi uVirgil, izigigaba zalaba bafowethu uRomulus noRemus zixhumene nokusungulwa kweRoma. Nakuba inganekwane yamaRoma iqala lapho bezalwa e-Alba Longa futhi babhekwa njengosongo olukhulu yiNkosi u-Amulius, owathi ukuze azisindise wayala amawele ukuba ashiywe osebeni loMfula iTiber.
Ngaleso sikhathi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zazishiywa zifele emfuleni. Kodwa uTiberiyu uyise wenganekwane yomfula. Wabavumela ukuba basindiswe futhi basinda ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwempisi. Le mpisi yanquma ukubanakekela futhi ibancelise emhumeni eduze kwaseLupercal.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bobabili abazalwane batholwa umalusi ogama lakhe linguFaustulus. Wawathola engazi nokuthi amawele angobani, wawathatha waya nawo endlini yakhe ukuze awanakekele nomkakhe. Abazalwane bakhula bengabelusi ababili abalungile.
Kodwa izimpande zabazali babo azizange zibashiye futhi baba abaholi ababalulekile futhi ngaleyo ndlela amawele uRomulus noRemus aqoqa abalandeli abaningi. Ngenkathi laba sebebadala, bahileleka engxoxweni phakathi kwabantu ababelandela uNumitor no-Amulio.
Ngenxa yalokhu, uRemo waboshwa e-Alba Longa. Indawo azalelwa kuyo nomfowabo. Ngaleyo ndlela iNkosi nomkhulu kaRemo babesola ukuthi ungubani ngempela lo mfana. Ngesikhathi uRómulo esakha icebo lokukhulula iwele lakhe.
Ngesikhathi kwenzeka konke lokhu, amawele akwazi ukuhlonza ukuthi angobani ngempela. Laba babehlangene nomkhulu wabo iNkosi uNumitor. Ukuze babhekane nalowo owayeqhwage isihlalo sobukhosi, iNkosi u-Amulio, phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zimpi bakwazi ukunqoba futhi babulala iNkosi u-Amulio futhi babuyisela isihlalo sobukhosi kubanikazi baso bokuqala.
Lapho amawele uRomulus noRemus ebuyela emagqumeni ayisikhombisa ngenhloso yokusungula idolobha lokuqala. Bazithola sebesemampambanweni ababexoxa ngawo. Njengoba uRomulus wayefuna ukwakha idolobha lokuqala ePalatine Hill. Wamisa iwele lakhe u-Remo wayezimisele ukwakha e-Aventine Hill.
Njengoba ayengakwazi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni, la mawele amabili anquma ukucela usizo konkulunkulu ngokusebenzisa ukubhula noma ukukwazi ukuchaza amabika. Ngale ndlela uRomulus wakwazi ukubona izinyoni eziyishumi nambili esibhakabhakeni. Ngenkathi umfowabo uRemo ekwazile ukubona abayisithupha kuphela.
Lokhu kwaholela engxabanweni entsha phakathi kwamawele aqala ukulwa, agcina ngokushona kukaRemo. Ngale ndlela uRomulus wagcina esungule idolobha laseRoma.
Umama waseRoma. Kwakuyinganekwane uRhea Silvia owayengunina wamawele uRomulus noRemus, owayeyindodakazi kaNumitor iNkosi yase-Alba Longa. Kodwa umalume wakhe ogama lakhe lingu-Amulius owaqhwaga isihlalo sobukhosi wamphoqa ukuthi asebenze njengomfundisikazi noma intombi emsulwa. Ngale ndlela waphoqeleka ukuba ahloniphe ubumsulwa.
Ngalokhu umdlwenguli wesihlalo sobukhosi u-Amulio wayezozuza ukuthi uRea Silvia wayengeke abe nezingane futhi wayezovikela isihlalo sobukhosi isikhathi eside. Kodwa uRea Silvia wayengwe uNkulunkulu Mars owabonakala kuye ebusuku futhi wathumba uRea Silvia wamdlwengula ehlathini.
Ngale ndlela uRea Silvia wakhulelwa ezala amawele amabili okuthiwa uRomulus noRemus ajikijelwa eMfuleni iTiber ngemva nje kokuzalwa ngomyalo womdlwenguli u-Amulius. Ngemva kwalokhu wayala ukuthi unina angcwatshwe ephila.
I-Jupiter neNyosi
Ngokuphathelene nenye yezinganekwane ezivelele zamaRoma, yileyo kaJupiter kanye neNyosi, nakuba izinguqulo eziningana sezike zatshelwa, ingenye yezinganekwane ezidume kakhulu njengoba izama ukuqaphela lokho okucelayo noma okufisayo. .
Ngokwezinganekwane zamaRoma, le ndaba itshelwa ukuthi kudala inyosi encane yayihlala iphatheke kabi futhi ikhathele njengoba abantu nezilwane babehlale bentshontsha uju olukhiqizwayo. Kungakho inyosi encane yayifuna ukuba nesikhali ukuze ikwazi ukulwa nala masela oju.
Inyosi encane yayithandaza kaningi ukuze unkulunkulu othile alalele imithandazo yayo. Kodwa kwadlula isikhathi futhi akwenzekanga lutho okwathi inyosi encane yavela nombono wokukhuluma mathupha noNkulunkulu uJupiter owayeyinkosi yabo bonke onkulunkulu.
Nakuba wayengahamba nomunye unkulunkulu omncane. Kodwa okuwukuphela kwayo inyosi encane eyayingayithola kwakungunkulunkulu uJupiter. Kungakho athatha uhambo lwakhe endizela ngokuzimisela esibhakabhakeni nangale kwayo futhi enomsindo owakhishwa inyosi encane wadonsa ukunaka kukaNkulunkulu weJupiter.
Lapho inyosi encane ekugcineni isikwazi ukuqala ingxoxo noNkulunkulu Jupiter, yamtshela ukuthi "Nkosi yami, ngikuphathele uju lwezinyosi. Ubuso bukaNkulunkulu bakhanya ngentokozo nenjabulo lapho ephendula ngokuthi “futhiLesi sipho simnandi kakhulu futhi siyamangalisa” Ngemva kwalokhu uNkulunkulu uJupiter wabuza inyosi encane "Ngingakwenzelani inyosi encane?
Inyosi encane yayesaba kakhulu kangangokuthi, ithuthumela ngenxa yokwesaba kodwa izimisele kakhulu ukuzama, ngamchazela yonke inkinga inyosi encane eyayinayo mayelana noju. Nakuba uNkulunkulu uJupiter akulalela ngokucophelela lokho okushiwo inyosi encane, wayengazi ukuthi angayisiza kanjani.
Kodwa waqaphela ukuthi uju lwalunambitheka kakhulu futhi wayeluthanda kakhulu uju. Ngokuthi uNkulunkulu uJupiter wacabanga ukuthi enzeni ngenyosi encane. Lapho inyosi isho okulandelayo:Bengingaluvikela uju lwami emaselani uma ngiphethe isikhali, into enjengodosi!”
U-God Jupiter, elalele inyosi encane, wathukuthela kakhulu futhi waphendula "Ungangiluma?" Inyosi encane ethukile iphendula ngokushesha kunkulunkulu uJupiter "Angeke ngikwenze” nakuba inyosi encane yayithuke kakhulu ngokuthi incike emuva futhi yashayisana nomzimba kankulunkulukazi uJuno owayelalele ngokucophelela ingxoxo phakathi kuka-God Jupiter kanye nenyosi encane.
Emuva kwalokho kwangenelela uNkosazana Juno esho okulandelayo “Ukunambitheka okumangalisayo okunjalo kudinga ukuvikelwa!” Ngemva kwalokhu, unkulunkulukazi waphinde wasikisela ukuba inyosi ngayinye ibe nodosi ukuze ikwazi ukuzivikela lapho kukhishwa uju lwazo. Nakuba kufanele kube khona inkokhelo ethile yalesi sipho.
Ngale ndlela uNkulunkulu uJupiter wamtshela ukuthi inkokhelo kufanele ibe nempilo yakhe. Kusukela ngemva kokusebenzisa udosi inyosi kufanele ife ngakho-ke kufanele yenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokuvikela nokufa noma ukwabelana nabanye.
Nakuba inyosi yayingasithandi isikhali abamnika yona kakhulu. Unkulunkulukazi wamagagasi uJuno wayesevele ehalalisela uNkulunkulu uJupiter ngesinqumo ayesithathile. Nakuba wenza izinqumo ukuze unkulunkulukazi Juno wayehlale ejabule kakhulu. Esho ekhombisa ngesandla esho enyosi "nasi isikhali sakho isifiso sakho sifezekile"
Inyosi, iphatheke kabi ngesipho uNkulunkulu uJupiter ayemnike yona, yambonga yaqala ukwehla ibheke emhlabeni. Ngenkathi inyosi isesidlekeni, yacasha ngemuva kwayo. Ngale ndlela babengeke bambuze imibuzo ngethemba lokuthi ezinye izinyosi zazizomziba unomphela.
Izinyosi zathi uma zibona udosi zaqala ukuhlokoma okuwuphawu lokuthi zinomunyu wase enquma ukusho ukuthi wenzeni futhi njengoba ziqotho azizange zisho lutho. Babenenketho yokubonga kuphela ngesipho uNkulunkulu uJupiter abanikeze sona, kodwa kuyisipho okuthi lapho sisetshenziswa, basikhokhe ngokufa.
Lesi sipho asizange sinyamalale njengoba namuhla zonke izinyosi ezisebenzisa udosi ziyafa njengoba ingxenye yemizwa yesisu iyahlukana. Ngakho-ke, ishiywa ingenayo ingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba wayo omncane futhi ivame ukufa ngemva kwesikhashana.
I-Pluto nenkosi enye yezinganekwane zamaRoma kodwa futhi nesiGreki
Nakuba kuyinganekwane yamaGreki, amaRoma ayishintsha ukuze le ndaba ikhunjulwe njengenye yezinganekwane zamaRoma. Le ndaba ikhuluma ngenkosi ehlakaniphe kakhulu eyayingumbusi wedolobha lamaGreki laseKorinte. Nakuba le ndaba yatshelwa amaGreki enguqulweni yokuqala. AmaRoma anquma ukuyibala njengenye yezinganekwane zamaRoma ezibaluleke kakhulu esikweni lamaRoma.
AmaRoma anquma ukususa amagama onkulunkulu bamaGreki ababebambe iqhaza kule ndaba, omunye wonkulunkulu abathatha esikhundleni kwakunguZeus, owayenendima yokuba inkosi yabo bonke onkulunkulu bamaGreki, futhi amaRoma abeka uNkulunkulu uJupiter njengenkosi. yawonkulunkulu.AmaRoma.
Ngokufanayo, amaGreki ayeneHayidesi umfowabo kaZeus njengoNkulunkulu wendawo engaphansi futhi amaRoma amthatha esikhundleni sakhe afaka uNkulunkulu uPluto owayengunkulunkulu wezwe elingaphansi lamaRoma.
Nakuba indaba yahlala injengoba ixoxwa eGrisi lasendulo, nakuba amaRoma ayeqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi inkaba yomhlaba kwakuyiRoma. Inganekwane yamaRoma isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi inkosi eyayihlakaniphe kakhulu yayimatasa icabanga ukuthi yayingayixazulula kanjani inkinga yamanzi ahlanzekile abantu bayo ababenayo.
Kuthe le nkosi isabheka icebo, yabuka isibhakabhaka ngaso leso sikhathi lapho ibona ukuthi indiza idlula kuMzukulu kanti iphethe into engeke ihlukaniseke. Ebona lesi simo esingavamile, wamangala njengoba uNkulunkulu uJupiter engavamile ukuhamba esibhakabhakeni.
Kodwa inkosi yaphakamisa amahlombe ayo futhi yaqala ukucabanga ukuthi ingaluxazulula kanjani udaba okwakumelwe luxazulule mayelana namanzi ahlanzekile. Ngaleso sikhathi idolobha laseCorinto lalingenayo imisele yamanzi noma leyo nkinga yayisixazululiwe kakade.
Kodwa njengoba eqhubeka ecabanga ngale nkinga, uqala futhi ukubheka phezulu esibhakabhakeni. Qaphela ukuthi kudlula omunye uNkulunkulu kodwa lo uyama abuze iNkosi umbuzo "Usuyibonile indodakazi yami?"
Inkosi, njengoba yayihlakaniphe kakhulu, yaphendula kanje:: "Uma unikeza idolobha lami umthombo wamanzi ahlanzekile, ngizokutshela engikubonile". Vuliwe Ngaleso sikhathi kwageleza umfula omkhulu wamanzi acwebileyo nahlanzekile phambi kwenkosi. Inkosi yathokoza kakhulu, yamphendula uNkulunkulu kanje "UJupiter ubenokuthile ezandleni zakhe futhi kungenzeka ukuthi yindodakazi yakho."
UNkulunkulu uJupiter wayethukuthele kakhulu njengoba engazange avumele abantu ukuba bangenele ezindabeni zakhe. Lapho izwa ukuthi iNkosi yayimmangalele omunye unkulunkulu. Watshela umfowabo uNkulunkulu uPluto ukuthi uzothatha inkosi ayiyise ezweni elingaphansi komhlaba.
Inkosi, lapho izwa lokho uNkulunkulu uJupiter akushoyo, yatshela umkakhe lokhu okulandelayo: “Lapho bekutshela ukuthi ngifile, ungafaki uhlamvu lwegolide ngaphansi kolimi lwami,” lona wesifazane, ekhuluma iqiniso, walalela umyeni wakhe ukuze wayebuzile.
Khona-ke lo nkulunkulu ofanayo uPluto wahlangana nenkosi egqoke njengesinxibi, njengoba ukungabi nohlamvu lwegolide ngaphansi kolimi lwayo kwabonisa ukuthi ungumuntu ompofu kakhulu. Unkulunkulu uPluto ukubuza umbuzo olandelayo “Iphi imali yakho yegolide?UPluto wathi uyazi. “Ungaluthola kanjani uhambo lokuwela uMfula iStyx futhi ufike endaweni engaphansi komhlaba?"
Inkosi iphendula kanje ifomu elithi “Umkami ubempofu kakhulu ukuthi angakhokha ithikithi“. Unkulunkulu ecasuke kancane wathi enkosini "Buyela khona ufundise abantu besifazane imikhuba." Ngale ndlela unkulunkulu uPluto wabuyisela inkosi emhlabeni ngokushesha, lapho yayiphila khona ngomlingo.
Unkulunkulukazi wesivuno uCeres
Kuzo zonke izinganekwane zamaRoma kuthiwa uNkulunkulu uJupiter uyinkosi yabo bonke onkulunkulu bamaRoma futhi wayenodadewabo abathathu. Owokuqala kwakunguJuno owayengumkakhe nodadewabo, wayaziwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi womshado nendlovukazi yabo bonke onkulunkulu bamaRoma.
Udade wesibili wayaziwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi uVesta owabhalwa njengonkulunkulukazi wekhaya futhi wayengunkulunkulukazi owayethandwa futhi ekhulekelwa yibo bonke abesifazane baseRoma. Udadewabo wesithathu kaJupiter wayaziwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi uCeres, wayephethe zonke izitshalo. Kuthiwa unkulunkulukazi uCeres uma ephazamiseka izilimo zingabuna zife.
Bonke abantu nonkulunkulu kumelwe ukuba basebenze kanzima ukuze bagcine lo nkulunkulukazi enelisekile futhi ejabule nakuba ayekuthanda kwakuwukuchitha isikhathi nendodakazi yakhe enhle uProserpina.
Indaba kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo noCassandra
Ingenye yezinganekwane zamaRoma ezisekelwe eThempelini elidumile laseDelphi, elinye lamathempeli abaluleke kakhulu kaNkulunkulu u-Apollo. Kodwa leli kwakungelona kuphela ithempeli lapho kwakukhulekelwa khona unkulunkulu u-Apollo. Njengoba kwakukhona ithempeli elibalulekile edolobheni laseTroy elakhiwa izakhamuzi zakhona ukuhlonipha uNkulunkulu u-Apollo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke iMpi YeThrojani.
Kule nganekwane yamaRoma, indaba itshelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wabonakala ethempelini ababelakhe edolobheni laseTroy futhi ngolunye usuku wabona uCassandra omuhle, umpristikazi owayesebenza kulelo thempeli.
Ngaleso sikhathi lapho uNkulunkulu u-Apollo ebona uCassandra omuhle, wamthanda. UNkulunkulu u-Apollo wenza isivumelwano kumfundisikazi uCassandra okwakuwukuthi wayezomnika isipho esikhulu esasiyoba isipho sokubona ikusasa uma emanga.
Umpristikazi wamukela isivumelwano ngokumamatheka okuhle futhi ngaleso sikhathi wayesebona ikusasa elaliwukuthi uNkulunkulu u-Apollo wayebhubhisa idolobha laseTroy. Lapho uNkulunkulu u-Apollo esondela kuye ukuze amange. Esabela ngokumkhafulela ebusweni ngendlela ethukuthele kakhulu.
Unkulunkulu u-Apollo wathukuthela ngenxa yaleso senzo asenza wazama ukumphuca isipho ayemnike sona kodwa wehluleka. Eshintshana naye, akwenza kwakuwukumthuka ngendlela engeke akholwe muntu. Ngakho umpristikazi wancenga abantu bakubo ukuba baqaphele ihhashi lokhuni. Kodwa akekho owayemkholwa edolobheni laseTroy.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko sezinganekwane zamaRoma sibalulekile, ngikumema ukuthi uvakashele izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: