Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-300 zomfudu zaziwa, kanti izimfudu zasemanzini ahlanzekile ziyizona nsada kakhulu emhlabeni. Ufudu lwamanzi lungolunye lwezinhlobo ezinobukhona obukhulu kakhulu ezindlini zethu, njengoba ukubonakala kwalo okumangalisayo, ukunyakaza kwalo okuxakayo nokunensa kanye nomoya walo onokuthula kuwenza abe isilwane esaziswa kakhulu, esilungele abancane abasendlini. Thola okwengeziwe mayelana neziFudu Zamanzi ngezansi.
Izici Zomfudu Wamanzi
Izimfudu noma izimfudu ziyizinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezijwayele ukuhlala olwandle nasemhlabeni. Isici sayo esivelele kakhulu umzimba wayo obanzi futhi omfushane, ovikelwe ngaphandle igobolondo eliqinile le-convex. Lesi sikhali sinamathele emgogodleni wakhe futhi sakha ingxenye yamathambo akhe. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-356 zezimfudu zaziwa emhlabeni wonke, zombili zisuka ezweni (ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica) nasemanzini asolwandle noma ahlanzekile.
Kuzo zonke, eziqashelwa kakhulu izimfudu ezinkulu ezidabuka eziQhingini zaseGalapagos, ezaziyingxenye yezifundo ezenziwa isazi semvelo esiyiNgisi uCharles Darwin lapho edlula e-Ecuador. Nakuba zazingekho izinhlobo eziningi zezimfudu phakathi nenqubo yazo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, namuhla zihlukahlukene kakhulu, ezivezwa ekwakhiweni kwamagobolondo azo, imibala yazo, izitho noma ukubukeka kwamakhanda azo.
Izimfudu zihlukaniswa njalo ngokuya ngendawo ezizijwayeze kuyo ngokombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Zinemilenze ezinzile okumele zime kuyo, izinqubo zemetabolism ezihamba kancane kanye nemizimba ehlangene, eyindilinga, ezivumela ukuthi zikhosele egobolondweni lazo kunoma yikuphi usongo. Ezinye ziye zafuywa futhi zisebenza njengezilwane ezifuywayo kubantu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ziyizilwane ezihamba kancane, ezinegazi elibandayo ezinomlingiswa othize oyisicefe.
Ukudla
Izimfudu azinawo amazinyo kodwa zinoqhwaku olunamandla. Ukudla kwabo empeleni kuyi-omnivorous. Ezansi ngokuyinhloko zidla imifino, ngoba zidla amaqabunga, iziqu, izimbali, isikhunta nezithelo, kodwa futhi zidla iminyundu nezinambuzane. Ezasolwandle zidla ulwelwe, amakhorali, ama-molluscs noma i-porifera. Ukungabi namazinyo kubenza bangakwazi ukubamba inyamazane noma ukuklebhula inyama yayo.
Habitat
Izimfudu zithathe kokubili indawo yokuhlala yasemhlabeni kanye neyamanzi olwandle namanzi ahlanzekile. Izinhlobo eziye zajwayela isimo sezulu esomile nesogwadule zingatholakala, zibekezelela ubukhali bemvelo njengethangi. Angatholakala futhi phansi olwandle noma osebeni lwamachibi nemifula, lapho ephila khona ukuphila okuhlala emanzini.
Ukuzala
Izimfudu, njengazo zonke izilwane ezihuquzelayo, ziyi-oviparous, okungukuthi, zizalela amaqanda. Ukuvundiswa kwensikazi kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwensikazi, okuthi iduna likhuphuke lisebenzise iphrofayili ye-concave yesisu sayo. Ngemva kwalokho, insikazi igubha isidleke ibeke kuso amaqanda ayo, iwasibekele ukuze azuze ekushiseni. Izimfudu zasolwandle zihamba amakhilomitha angamakhulu zilandela izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokufuduka ukuze zithole amabhishi lapho zingabekela khona amaqanda azo. Kula maqanda kuchanyuselwa amaphuphu afuna amanzi ngokwemvelo.
Ngokwezifiso
Ziyizidalwa ezinegazi elibandayo, ezisebenzisa ilanga ukushisa imizimba yazo, ngakho zivame ukuchayeka kulo isikhathi eside. Ezimweni ezipholile, izimfudu zilala embhedeni ukuze zibaleke amakhaza, noma zifudukele kwezinye izindawo uma kwenzeka kuba nezimfudu zasolwandle. Imvamisa ukuma kwayo kufana nokunganaki, akwenzeki, kunamandla okulwa anciphile, ikhetha ukucasha egobolondweni layo ukubalekela noma yiluphi uhlobo lolaka.
Ukunakekela izimfudu zamanzi
I-water turtle ingenye yezilwane ezifuywayo ezithandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane, umkhakha lapho zithandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuba nofudu njengesilwane esifuywayo, nakuba abazali benayo njengenketho yokuqala yezingane zabo njengoba kulula ukuzinakekela nokwenza izingane zibe nesibopho. Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu sinqume ukuphawula ngokunakekelwa kwezimfudu zasemanzini.
I-Fish Tank noma i-Terrarium
Ufudu ludinga ukuba nendawo yalo yokuhlala noma indawo ezungezile, okungaba ithange lezinhlanzi noma indawo ezungezile, okumele ihlangabezane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:
- Ichibi elijule ngokwanele ukuze babhukude ngokuthula ngaphandle kokushayisana nomhlobiso onawo ekhaya
- Ingxenye eyomile engaphezulu kwezinga lamanzi lapho ufudu luchayeka elangeni futhi luvumele ukuthi lome kanye nokuphumula.
Ubukhulu be-terrarium ye-turtle yamanzi kufanele bufanele isidalwa ukubhukuda ngaphandle kwezinkinga, sikwazi ukuba nobukhulu obudlula izikhathi ezi-3 kuya kwezi-4 ubude be-turtle efanayo. I-terrarium enkulu, izimo zokuphila ezingcono ezizoba nazo.
Ukwengeza, ukuze ufudu lungaphathwa yinoma yisiphi isifo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwenhlanzeko, kufanele ugcine amanzi ehlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka, uchithe futhi ugcwalise i-aquarium masonto onke. Ungakwazi futhi ukunquma ukuthenga uhlelo lokuhlunga futhi ukhohlwe ukuhlanza amanzi. Ungangeza izesekeli ku-terrarium yakho njengezihlahla zesundu, izinqaba noma izitshalo zepulasitiki futhi udale indawo yokuqala neyingqayizivele.
Izinga lokushisa nokukhanya kwelanga
Indawo okuhlala kuyo ufudu ibaluleke kakhulu ukuze ingaguli, ngoba lokhu kufanele sikukhumbule ukuthi:
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele lifudumale, ukusuka ku-26ºC kuya ku-30ºC, futhi njengoba sike sasho engxenyeni eyomile ye-aquarium noma i-terrarium, imisebe yelanga kufanele ikwazi ukufinyelela kuyo ukuze ufudu lome futhi lugcine amathambo alo. futhi igobolondo enempilo. Kuyafaneleka ukuthi izinga lokushisa lamanzi alihlukani kakhulu ngenxa yomphumela wokushisa kwemvelo, ngoba ukuguquka kungazelelwe akuzuzisi ufudu. Akufanele zivunyelwe ukumelana namazinga okushisa angaphansi kwama-degree angu-5 noma ngaphezulu kuka-40, futhi akufanele zibekwe ezindaweni lapho kukhona okusalungiswa.
- Kumelwe zichayeke ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuthola indawo enhle ukuze indawo ithole ukukhanya kwelanga, ungakhetha ukuthola isibani esilingisa umphumela waso futhi esiqondiswe entweni ethile noma emkhakheni womhlaba owomile ku-terrarium.
Badlani?
Ungathola uhlobo oluthile lokudla okuvamile kwalesi sidalwa kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo, okwanele ekudleni kwaso. Ungakwazi futhi ukushintsha ukudla kwazo ngokwethula okunye ukudla okufana nenhlanzi eluhlaza enamafutha amancane, imifino, amakhilikithi, izibungu ngisho nezinambuzane ezincane. Uma ufuna ukukunikeza noma yikuphi kwalokhu kudla, qala ufune iseluleko kuchwepheshe. Uma ubona ukuthi uyayithanda inhlanzi eluhlaza kodwa ayihambisani nokudla okuthola ezitolo, hlanganisa kokubili uzame ukumjwayela.
Izimfudu kufanele zondliwe ngokweminyaka yazo: uma zizincane zizophakelwa kanye kuphela ngosuku futhi ezinkulu kathathu ngesonto, njalo ngokuya ngalokho okukhonjiswe emaphaketheni omkhiqizo. Khumbula ukuthi kuzomele ukhiphe konke ukudla okusele ku-terrarium ukuze uvimbele ukuthi ungangcoli kakhulu.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu
Iningi lama-pathologies ama-turtles amanzi abangelwa ukungazi lutho ngezidingo zabo eziyisisekelo, njengokuthi, isibonelo, umnikelo wokukhanya kwelanga endaweni yawo yokuhlala noma ukudla okungalungile. Uma kwenzeka ugula futhi unabanye emanzini, kufanele uhlukanise ogulayo kwabanye ohamba nabo, okungenani inyanga yonke noma uze ubone ukuthi usupholile.
Isikhumba
Uma ufudu lunezilonda esikhumbeni salo, thintana nodokotela wezilwane ukuze anikeze ukhilimu wokuphulukisa. Bazoba njalo ngamafutha anama-antibiotics ancibilikayo emanzini afaka isandla ekwelapheni futhi awanangozi. Uma kuyisilonda esivulekile, kusafanele uzishiye endlini ukuze uvikele izimpukane ukuthi zingabekela amaqanda azo phezu kwazo.
Igobolondo
Uma igobolondo lithamba kungenxa yokuntuleka kwe-calcium nokukhanya. Ngezinye izikhathi amabala amancane angaboniswa kuwo. Kunconywa ukwandisa ukuchayeka elangeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuguquguquka kwegobolondo kubangelwa ukuba khona kwe-chlorine emanzini noma ukungabi khona kwamavithamini. Ungqimba olumhlophe egobolondweni lubangelwa isikhunta esivela ngenxa yomswakama owedlulele noma ukuntuleka kokukhanya. Ukuyivimba, phonsa i-1/4 yenkomishi kasawoti kuwo wonke amalitha ayi-19 amanzi. Uma isilwane sesivele sinesikhunta, sebenzisa umuthi we-antifungal ongathatha unyaka ukuze ululame.
Amehlo
Ukutheleleka ngeso nakho kuyinkinga evamile ezimfuduni, ezingabonakala lapho zivale amehlo azo isikhathi eside. Kungenxa yokuntuleka kwevithamini A noma ukungahlanzeki endaweni. Faka amavithamini ekudleni kwakho.
Ukuphefumula
Uma siqaphela ukuthi ufudu lukhipha amafinyila ekhaleni, luphefumula umlomo luvulekile futhi lubonisa umsebenzi omncane, kufanele sisuse i-terrarium yayo endaweni engenawo ama-currents futhi sikhulise izinga lokushisa libe ngu-25ºC.
Ukugaya
Ukuqunjelwa kofudu kubangelwa ukudla esikunikezayo. Uma untula amavithamini kanye ne-fiber, uzobe uhlotshaniswa nale nkinga. Faka ufudu esitsheni samanzi afudumele futhi ushintshe ukudla kwalo. Isifo sohudo sibangelwa ukweqisa kwezithelo, ulethisi noma ukungenwa ukudla okusesimweni esibi. Izixazululo ezingaba khona ukunikeza ukudla okuncane okunganamanzi amaningi kanye namanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukukhathazeka noma Ukucindezeleka
Uma ubona ukungahlaliseki ekuziphatheni kwalo, yisa ufudu endaweni ethulile ukuze amasosha omzimba alo alimale.
Ukugcinwa Kweqanda
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho bephuka ngaphakathi kwe-turtle, okubangelwa ukuntuleka kwamavithamini noma ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, ukuguga, njll. Kufanele iyiswe kuchwepheshe ngokushesha lapho ufudu lungafa.
I-Prolapse
Leli igama elinikezwe iqiniso lokuthi uhlelo lwakho lokuzala lusuka emgodini walo wemvelo. Ibuye iziveze njalo noma ngosizo, kodwa uma i-prolapse ibangelwa ukulunywa noma ukudabuka ingase idinge ukunqunywa.
Ezinye izindatshana esizincomayo nazo yilezi: