Kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, lapho ucwaningo oluningi luye lwaphetha ngokuthi kunezidalwa eziphilayo ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-8,7 ezihlala kule planethi. Phakathi kwalokhu kuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezilwane singathola lezo zilwane ezinezimpaphe, ebezikhona kuwo wonke umlando. Kulesi sihloko sizokunikeza lonke ulwazi oluphathelene nazo, ngakho ngikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda futhi ngaleyo ndlela ufunde okwengeziwe ngazo.
Izilwane Ezinezimpaphe
Inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezahlukene zezidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala emhlabeni, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-8, ezinezici ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa kuphela i-15% yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni ezaziwa. Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu elincane esilaziyo, lihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana. Izilwane ezakha lezi ziqephu zihlukaniswa ngezici ezithile zomzimba, lezi zimfanelo ezifanayo yizo ezizenza zingavamile futhi zihluke.
Ngaphakathi kwalokhu kuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezilwane sithola izilwane ezinezimpaphe. Lesi sici esingavamile, izimpaphe, sekuyiminyaka eminingi zikhona. Izilwane eziningi yilezo ezibe nezimpaphe kuwo wonke umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo, isibonelo salokhu yizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezindizayo ze-prehistory. Nokho, okwamanje izilwane ezinamaphiko kuphela ekwakhekeni kwazo yizinyoni. Angeke ubone noma yisiphi esinye isilwane ngaphandle kwezinyoni ezinalezi zimpaphe, ezinye izinhlobo sezishintshile futhi sezakhe ezinye izici ukuze ziphile.
Ziyini Izilwane Ezinezimpaphe
Uma sibuza ngalezo zilwane ezinalesi sici, sibhekisela kulezo zinhlobo zezidalwa eziphilayo ezizoba nezimpaphe, okungukuthi, ezinezimpaphe. Lolu hlobo luzokwazi ukuba phakathi kweqembu lezilwane ezinomgogodla futhi uma sikhuluma ngezilwane ezinezimpaphe, sikhuluma ngokuqondile ngezinyoni, njengoba sesishilo kakade. Leli qembu lezilwane yizona kuphela ezinezinsiba futhi lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zingahlala kunoma iyiphi indawo etholakala kuzo.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba inezici ezimbili ezinhle ezizoyivumela ukuthi ivumelane nezimo ngaphandle kwenkinga kunoma iyiphi indawo. Izimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zalezi zilwane ezinezimpaphe noma izinyoni, izimpaphe ezifanayo nokuthi zibonakala ngokuba ama-endotherm. Ngokuqondene nezimpaphe nokuguqulwa okutholakala emaphethelweni amabili angaphambili akhona emaphikweni, azoba mkhulu kancane futhi aqine, azonquma amandla ayo kanye nekhono lokundiza. Lokhu kuzophinde kuncike ekutheni le nyoni ingeyaluphi uhlobo.
Njengoba sike sasho ngaphambili, izinyoni ziyizilwane zohlobo lwe-endothermic.Ngalokhu siqonde ukuthi lezi zilwane zinekhono elikhethekile lokulawula ukushisa kwemizimba yazo. Ngaphezu kokugcina umzimba wakho usezingeni lokushisa elingashintshi, ngaphandle koshintsho. Ngisho nezimpaphe zalezi zilwane zizosiza nge-thermoregulation. Ngakho izilwane ezinezimpaphe ziyizinhlobo ezingavamile, hhayi nje ngenxa yoboya bazo, kodwa futhi ngoba zingakwazi ukulawula izinga lokushisa ngaphandle kwesidingo sosizo lwangaphandle.
Izinhlobo zamaPeni nokuthi Ziyini
Njengoba kubonisiwe ngaphambili, izimpaphe ziyisici esiyingqayizivele sezinyoni ezichazwa ikhono lazo lokundiza. Kodwa kumele sikhumbule ukuthi lezi nazo zineqhaza elibalulekile, lokhu kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwezimpaphe lezi zilwane ezinezimpaphe ezinazo. Isibonelo salokhu ukuthi izimpaphe ziyoba nomsebenzi wokushisa oshisayo, eminye imisebenzi esingayithola ukuthi inikeza isivikelo esilwaneni, inikeza umbala nokuma kwezinyoni, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zamapeni futhi ukusebenza kwazo kuzoncika kulelo nalelo, futhi yilokhu okulandelayo:
Yendiza
Lolu hlobo lwezimpaphe luzobamba iqhaza ekhonweni lenyoni lokundiza. Lezi zimpaphe zingatholakala kokubili emsileni nasemaphikweni ezinyoni. Mayelana nezici zalolu hlobo lwezimpaphe singakhuluma ngezinto ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezivelele kakhulu, sithola ukuthi zinokuthungwa okunzima kakhulu futhi zine-asymmetry.
Uhlaka
Izimpaphe zeContour ziyoba nomsebenzi wokuzivikela, njengoba zivikela le nyoni emvuleni. Lolu hlobo lwezimpaphe lungatholakala kuwo wonke umzimba wenyoni, lumbozwe ngokuphelele yibo. Lezi zimpaphe zibonakala ngokuthungwa okuthambile, zinikeza umbala futhi zilolonge uhlaka lwenyoni.
izimpaphe eziyingxenye
Izimpaphe eziyisigaxa zingatholakala ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zekhonta. Lezi zimpaphe zizoba nomsebenzi wokushisa, okungukuthi, zizovikela inyoni ekushintsheni okunjalo okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa. Ngakho bazoyivikela kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunamakhaza noma emisebeni yelanga.
Umaka
Lolu hlobo lwezimpaphe luzofana ne-semi-feather, njengoba luzoba nokushisa okushisayo njengomsebenzi wazo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umsebenzi wawo ukuvumela lezo zinyoni zasemanzini ukuba zintante. Lezi zimpaphe zitholakala eduze kwesikhumba senyoni.
izimpaphe ze-blade
I-Filofeather, njenge-semi-feathers, ingaba ngaphansi kwezimpaphe ze-contour. Lolu hlobo lwezimpaphe luyinqaba kakhulu njengoba lusebenza ezinzwa ezinyonini, oluzivumela ukuthi zithole izinto ezizizungezile.
amabristles
Lezi zinhlobo zezimpaphe ziphuma eqenjini lezimpaphe zemizwa. Lokhu kunomsebenzi wokuvumela inyoni ukuba ithole izinambuzane endaweni yayo ngoqhwaku. Lolu hlobo lwezimpaphe lubonakala kakhulu ezinyonini ezidla izinambuzane. Ngakho, ngenxa yazo, izinyoni zikwazi ukubona kalula izinambuzane ezizizungezile.
Izilwane Ezinezimpaphe Ezindizayo
Kule ngxenye yesihloko sizokhuluma ngalelo qembu lezilwane ezinezimpaphe ezikwazi ukundiza. Sizokhuluma ngezici zento ngayinye kanye nezici zayo. Ngakho, ezinye zalezi zilwane ezinezimpaphe ezingandiza zimi kanje:
Umqophamithi
Izimpaphe ezinalolu hlobo lwenyoni ziyamangalisa kakhulu, ngenxa yemibala yazo egqamile futhi egqamile. Nokho, lokhu okungavamile kuzoncika ezindaweni lapho ehlala khona. Singathola izibonelo zalolu hlobo lwesiqophamithi noma njengoba yaziwa nangokuthi i-Picidae, ezoba nezimpaphe ezibomvu ne-beige. Kodwa naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kukhona predominance kule mibala, zingatholakala futhi yellow and pink.
I-Cuckoo noma i-Cuckoo
Eqenjini lezilwane ezinezimpaphe ezindizayo singathola i-cuckoo, i-cuckoo, noma njengoba yaziwa ngokwesayensi i-Cuculidae. Lena inyoni encane, ebonakala ngokuba nomsila omncane futhi omude namaphiko. Ngokuqondene nezimpaphe zayo, singathola ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo ze-shades ezimpunga zizonqoba kwabesilisa, ikakhulukazi ekhanda, entanyeni nangemuva. Ngokuqondene nezimbobo zazo, ziyoba mhlophe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sithole ukuthi kwabesifazane izimpaphe zingafana nezabesilisa. Kodwa-ke, bangakwazi futhi ukuthatha umbala obomvu, nakuba lo mthunzi wokugcina ungavamile.
undlunkulu wendlu
Undlunkulu wasendlini noma njengoba yaziwa nangokuthi iPasser domesticus, Lolu wuhlobo lwenyoni etholakala ezindaweni zasemakhaya njengasemadolobheni. Mayelana nezimpaphe, zihlukile kubo bobubili ubulili, njengoba imibala ekhona ezinsipheni zeduna igqama kakhulu, futhi ngisho nalapho isenkathini yokukhwelana, ivame ukukhombisa ibhayi elikhanyayo nelihle kakhulu ukuze likwazi zihehe ngale ndlela kwabesifazane.
I-Merganser ephakathi
I-serreta median noma njengoba yaziwa nangokuthi i-Mergus serrator, iyinyoni yeqembu lezilwane ezinezimpaphe ezindizayo. Lezi zinyoni ziwuhlobo lwasemanzini, njengoba mayelana nezimpaphe zeduna, izoletha izimpaphe ezingavamile ezimnyama ekhanda layo. Ezinye izimpaphe zemizimba yazo ziyoba mpunga ziye mhlophe, kodwa endabeni yabesifazane, izimpaphe zazo ziyoba bomvu. Okuwukuphela kokufana okuyoba khona kokubili iduna nensikazi izimpaphe zesibili, ezizoba mhlophe. Isici esivelele kakhulu kulolu hlobo ukuthi lapho sesizondiza siyashesha kakhulu.
I-European Falcon
I-European Falcon igqama ngokuba nezimpaphe ezakhiwe ngemibala emi-3. Izimpaphe ezisesifubeni zakhiwe ngezimpaphe ezinsundu, kanti izimpaphe ezisemaphikweni nasebusweni zizoba mpunga. Nokho, zikhona izimo lapho izimpaphe ezimhlophe zingatholakala kulezi zindawo. I-European Falcon noma njengoba i-Falco subbuteo yaziwa futhi, iyinyoni encane, enamaphiko agcina iphuzu, isici esingavamile kakhulu kuzo.
Ukhozi Lwegolide
Manje sesinokhozi lwegolide noma njengoba lwaziwa ngokwesayensi ngokuthi i-Aquila chrysaetos. Lena inyoni yohlobo lwe-raptor, engafinyelela isivinini esilinganiselwa ku-280 km/h. Ngokuqondene nombala wezimpaphe zayo ezinsundu ngokumnyama, le nyoni ihlukaniswa ngemilenze yayo kwezinye, njengoba lezi zimbozwe ngokuphelele izimpaphe. Sinakho ukuthi izimpaphe ezivala ikhanda zizoba nemibala esagolide futhi izimpaphe ezivala amahlombe neziphetho zomsila zizoba nezimpaphe ezimhlophe.
Shesha
Lolu uhlobo lweqembu lezilwane ezinezimpaphe, elaziwa nangokuthi igama lesayensi elithi Apus apus. Le nyoni ayisheshi njengokhozi olusagolide, kodwa ijubane lingafinyelela isivinini esingu-200 km/h. I-swift ingatholakala cishe njalo emoyeni, njengoba nje ukudla kwayo kusekelwe ezinambuzaneni. Isici esiyingqayizivele kakhulu kubo ukuthi amaphiko abo avame ukuba mkhulu kakhulu, ngokuphambene nalokho, imilenze yabo ivame ukuba mfushane. Lokhu okungavamile kubenza babe nesakhiwo somzimba esiyingqayizivele kakhulu.
izinyoni ezingandizi
Sesizazisile ezinye zezilwane ezinezimpaphe ezindizayo, manje sizochaza izici zalezo zilwane ezinezimpaphe ezingandizi noma njengoba zaziwa nangokuthi izinyoni ezingandizi. Kuleli qembu singathola okulandelayo:
Penguin
Ngisho noma ama-penguin engakwazi ukundiza, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ayingxenye yezinyoni ezingakwazi ukundiza, ahlala ezindaweni zasemanzini. Ngenxa yalokhu bakwazile ukuthuthukisa amaphiko abo, okubenza babe ngababhukudi abanohlonze. Ngaphandle kwamaphiko azo, anomsila, okwenza akwazi ukugcina ibhalansi yawo lapho ehamba. Amaphengwini noma njengoba aziwa ngokwesayensi ama-Spheniscidae atholakala ehlala emakoloni amakhulu lapho kuhlala khona ama-specimens ayinkulungwane ohlobo lwawo.
Intshe
Kulolu hlobo lwenyoni engakwazi ukundiza, izimpaphe zizohluka phakathi kweduna nensikazi. Endabeni yeduna, izimpaphe zizokwenziwa ngezimpaphe ezimnyama ezizovala umzimba wayo nezimhlophe ezimboza umsila wayo namaphiko ayo. Kodwa kwabesifazane, banezimpaphe zombala ompunga noma zingaba nombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo. Ngenxa yokuthi izintshe azikwazi ukundiza ngenxa yobukhulu bazo, ngenxa yamaphiko azo amancane ngokulingana nomzimba wazo futhi ngenxa yokuthi zibonakala ngezimpaphe ezixegayo nezilengayo, lezi zizovumela ukulingana kwazo lapho zenza noma yikuphi ukunyakaza. Esinye isici esingabalula ukuthi intshe noma ngokwesayensi yaziwa ngokuthi i-Struthio camelus, ikwazi ukufinyelela ijubane lika-65 km/h.
ikiwi
I-kiwi noma njengoba yaziwa ngokwesayensi ngokuthi i-Apteryx. Yinyoni encane ebonakala ngokuba noqhwaku olude futhi olugobile kancane. Izimpaphe zayo azivamile, njengoba kubonakala sengathi inoboya esikhundleni sezimpaphe. I-Apteryx ayindizi ngakho-ke ingeyeqembu lezilwane ezinezimpaphe ezingandizi, kodwa lolu hlobo lungafinyelela isivinini esikhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi le nyoni ayikwazi ukundiza kungenxa yokuthi amaphiko ayo mancane kakhulu ngokulingana nomzimba wayo, ngakho ayivumeli ukuba ithwale isisindo sayo. Amaphiko abo avame ukulinganisa cishe u-3 cm.
I-Cassowary
I-cassowary noma njengoba yaziwa nangokuthi i-Casuarius, ibalulekile ukuze kugcinwe imvelo ehlukahlukene yehlathi. Le nyoni ingeyeqembu lezilwane ezinezimpaphe, ezizobonakala ngenxa yokuthi izimpaphe zazo zifana nalawo majazi anezimpaphe. Lezi zimpaphe zizoba nomsebenzi we-thermoregulation, ukuze zikhoselise futhi zivikele izingane zabo. Esinye isici salezi zinyoni ukuthi amakhanda azo azoba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi abe ne-crest eqinile eyingqayizivele phezu kwamakhanda azo, ngaphezu kokuba nomugqa obomvu owugqinsi entanyeni yazo. Lezi zinyoni zibonakala ngokuba zinkulu kakhulu futhi zinesisindo, zifana kakhulu nezintshe futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu ziyizinyoni eziwela eqenjini elingenakundiza.
IKakapo
I-kakapo noma njengoba yaziwa nangokuthi i-Strigops habroptilus, iwuhlobo oluhlala eNew Zealand. Lolu hlobo lwenyoni lungolwesigaba sasebusuku, zisebenzisa izimpaphe zazo eziluhlaza ezingavamile ukuze zifihle inyamazane yazo kanye nezilwane ezizidlayo emahlathini. I-kakapo iwukuphela kwezinhlobo zayo, upholi, ongandizi emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingupholi omkhulu wamaphiko awo.
idada lasekhaya
Kuleli qembu lezinhlobo zamadada singathola ngokwejwayelekile idada elifuywayo nelasendle. Umehluko omaka futhi uwahlukanise womabili ukuthi idada elifuywayo noma njengoba yaziwa ngokwesayensi i-Anas platyrhynchos domesticus alikwazi ukundiza, amandla alo angenalutho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo beluzivumelanisa nezimo futhi ngenxa yalokho lulahlekelwe amandla alo emaphikweni alo, njengoba lezi zifushane kakhulu futhi zilula kakhulu.
Gallina
Izinkukhu noma njengoba zaziwa futhi ngegama lazo lesayensi elithi Gallus gallus domesticus, zinezimpaphe ezithile ezingazivumeli ukuba zindize. Kodwa lezi zimpaphe zineminye imisebenzi edingekayo ukuze lezi zinyoni ziphile. Le misebenzi iwukuvikela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, kungaba ngenxa yamakhaza noma ukushisa, futhi iphinde ibavikele ekushayeni abangase bahlupheke ngaso esikhathini esithile. Izinkukhu ziwela eqenjini lezilwane ezinezimpaphe ezingandizi, kodwa lokhu akuzivimbeli. Babonakala ngokungalawuleki kakhulu, baphinde bahlele futhi bahlale endaweni yobukhosi, okubenza babe nezindawo kakhulu.
Uma ubunentshisekelo kulesi sihloko esimayelana Nezilwane Ezinezimpaphe, ngikumema ukuthi futhi uqhubeke nokufunda lezi zihloko ezilandelayo: