Izici zokukhula komnotho

I-Las izici zokukhula komnotho ihlobene namasu ezezimali ezentengiselwano zezwe lokufuna inqubekelaphambili nentuthuko, kulesi sihloko uzokwazi konke okuhlobene nalesi sihloko.

Izimpawu-zokukhula-komnotho

Lapho ukukhula komnotho kwehla, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokushintsha izenzo zamanje.

Izici zokukhula komnotho

Kubhekwa njengokwenyuka kwamanani esivuno ezimpahleni nasezinkonzweni zezwe. Isebenza ukukhombisa intuthuko kuzinqubomgomo zezimali, zezimali nezenhlalo, njengoba ivumela ukucabangela intuthuko lapho inani elithile lezimpahla namasevisi lisetshenziswa izakhamuzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhloso eyinhloko yemigomo kahulumeni. Umbono uwukukhulisa inhlalakahle yezakhamuzi ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo zenhlalo-mnotho ezivumela ukufinyelela enanini elikhulu kakhulu lezimpahla nezinsizakalo; Ngale njongo, kwenziwa imibiko yonyaka evumela lonke ulwazi oluhlobene namanani ahlukahlukene axhumene nomnyakazo wezomnotho ukuthi lunikezwe.

Ukubaluleka

Lapho kunokwanda kokuqashwa ezweni ngezibalo ezinjengokwanda kwayo ngokwenani lamamitha-skwele, amanani amahle emalini engenayo kanye nokukhula kwenani lezimpahla nezinsizakalo; isizwe bese kuthiwa sikhula kahle umnotho.

Kubalulekile futhi, ngoba kusiza ukukala lokho okubizwa nge-GDP (I-Gross Domestic Product) enesibopho sokubonisa inani lezimpahla ezibonakalayo ezikhona kanye nenani lezinsizakalo ezinikezwa isakhamuzi ngasinye (Per capita). Lawa manani ahlobene nokuthenga nokuthengisa okwenziwa ngabasebenzi ezweni.

Izibalo zisivumela ukuthi sicabangele ukuthi amanani okuthengisa aholela ekukhuleni kwezibalo zezomnotho ezihlinzeka ngamavelu ukuze kucatshangelwe intuthuko ezinzile. Izwe ngalinye linezici ezithile eziqondene nalawa manani, njengoba abaningi bethola imali yokunikeza izimpahla namasevisi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Izimpawu-zokukhula-komnotho-2

Izici zokukhula komnotho zisiza ukukhiqiza izinqubo zokwanda kwemisebenzi yentela.

ngenxa yalesosizathu, sisitusa ngokufudumele isihloko esilandelayo Ukuvula inkampani lapho ungakwazi ukwandisa lolu lwazi.

Izici ezifanele kakhulu

Zonke izinyathelo zokukhula komnotho zisiza ekuboniseni ukuthi ingabe izwe liyayifeza ngempela yini imigomo yenhlalo-mnotho engasiza ukuthuthukisa intuthuko yalo. Isizwe ngasinye sinezimo ezihlukene kodwa ukukhula kungachazwa ngezinto ezithile njengalezi ezilandelayo:

  • Kukhombisa ukukhula kwemisebenzi yezwe uqobo ehlobene nomnotho.
  • Ivumela ukubalwa kwamanani angasiza ukulawula ukwehla kwamandla emali.
  • Iveza izibalo ezihlobene nokuqashwa, ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukusetshenziswa kwemali komphakathi nokonga.
  • Ixhumanisa ngokuqondile izenzo ezihlobene nezimpahla namasevisi akhiqizwa ezweni.
  • Inikeza imigomo engalinganiswa futhi icatshangelwe ukuze ihlolwe futhi ilungiswe ngokulandelayo.

Izimpawu zokukhula komnotho akulona isu, ziwumphumela wemigomo yezezimali, yezezimali neyokuhlalisana kwabantu efuna ukukhombisa isimo nesimo sesizwe. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula komnotho kwenzeka lapho amanani okuqashwa, imali engenayo, ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo ethula izibalo ezinhle.

Izimpawu-zokukhula-komnotho-3

Bakhuthazwa kanjani?

Izibalo zokukhula komnotho zivame ukuba zinhle, ngaphandle kwalokho sizobe sikhuluma ngamavelu amabi futhi ngenxa yalokho ukwehla kwamanani aholela ekwehleni komnotho. Kodwa ukwazi ukuthi ziyini lezo zibalo, ukukhula komnotho kunezinto ezibalulekile ezifana nalezi:

Izimali zabantu

Okungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba i-generator yezibalo ngayo yonke imisebenzi ethuthukisayo ngaphakathi kwezwe. Imali yabantu ivumela izibalo zezomnotho ukuthi zikhule lapho kwenziwa izenzo ezihlukahlukene njengokuthenga, ukuthengisa imikhiqizo kanye nezinsizakalo, ukudala izinkampani zokutshala izimali kanye nokukhuthaza izinqubomgomo zezimali nezezimali.

Lesi sikhulu somuntu sithathwa njengesibaluleke kakhulu, isikhiqizi sezenzo zakho njengoba ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwesizwe. Ngokombono wezomnotho, inenani elifanele lapho izenzo zithuthukiswa ezivumela ukunikeza isimo ezicini zokukhula komnotho.

Ukwanda kwemali

Lapho kukhona ukuguquguquka kwezezimali okuhlobene nokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwasekhaya, kufinyelelwa izilinganiso ezinhle, okudala ukwanda kwezimali ezizimele nezomphakathi. Nakuba sazi ukuthi izinqubomgomo zomphakathi ziholela kuphela ekwandeni kwengcebo hhayi imali, izinkampani kufanele zikhuthaze ukukhula ngokukhiqiza.

Ukwenyuka okuphumelelayo kwawo wonke amathuluzi ezimboni kusiza ekwenzeni ngcono ukukhuphuka kwezimali, okukhuthazwa ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphakathi nangaphandle, ukuyisa imikhiqizo kwezinye izizwe futhi kukhiqize ingcebo ngezintela ezilinganiselwa ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Ubuchwepheshe

Omunye wemisebenzi lapho amazwe amaningi etshala imali ukuze afune ukukhula komnotho. Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla busivumela ukuthi sinikeze intuthuko ezindaweni eziningi lapho ukuthuthukiswa nezinzuzo kungatholwa ngesikhathi esincane ngokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezimbalwa. Nokho, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe kuyingxenye yesabelomali saminyaka yonke sezwe ngalinye.

Kuphinde kubonakale njengebhizinisi, kuyingxenye yezenzo zokufuna ukukhula emikhakheni eyahlukene, njengezempilo, ezemidlalo, izimboni, ezentengiselwano kanye nezemfundo. Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yezakhamizi.

Imithombo yemvelo

Ziyingxenye yengcebo izwe okumele libe nayo ukuze ligcine amazinga entuthuko. Izinsiza zemvelo zisiza ukucubungula izinto ezingavuthiwe ezivumela ukukhiqiza ukuthi kuthuthukiswe futhi kukhuthaze yonke into ehlobene nentuthuko, nakuba kungewona wonke amazwe anemithombo yemvelo yokuthuthukiswa, amanye alawula kancane ngokwenza izinqubo zibe ngcono.

Ukulinganiselwa

Uma kunezinkinga kweminye imikhakha yezomnotho nezezimali, ukukhula komnotho kunemikhawulo, ngakho-ke izibalo ezilindelekile azivezwa futhi zinquma ukuthi kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuzithuthukisa, kodwa ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi lezo zinto ezinciphisayo.

Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kwezemfundo kungenye yezinkinga lapho isici somuntu sivumela ukukhula ukuthi kudalwe ngolwazi nobuchwepheshe. Ukubamba iqhaza kwezakhamizi eziningi ezenzweni nasezinqubweni zemfundo kubalulekile, okumele kutshalwe izimali ezinkulu kwingqalasizinda yezemfundo, ukukhokhwa kwamaholo, phakathi kwezinye izici.

Ukuntuleka kokutshalwa kwezimali kwezimali zangaphakathi nangaphandle, kukhiqiza okuncane futhi kungadala ukwanda kokuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Kunoma yiliphi izwe, ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kuyadingeka ukuze ukwazi ukuzuza umkhiqizo ovuselela amanani okukhula komnotho angamukeleka kakhulu.

Ukuntuleka kobuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezikhiqizayo, kungalimaza izinqubo zalokho esikumema ukuba ufunde isihloko esilandelayo Izindaba zempumelelo, lapho kubhekiselwa khona lesi sihloko.

Izinzuzo nezinzuzo

Uma kukhulunywa ngezici zokukhula komnotho, kuphinde kufunwe ukusungula ubudlelwano nenqubekelaphambili kanye nentuthuko, ngenxa yalesi sizathu izimo zenziwa ngokubheka nje ngaphakathi kwendawo yezomnotho yezenhlalakahle ezisiza ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila lezakhamuzi. Kodwa akumeleli nje inzuzo kuphela kodwa futhi ivumela ukukhuthaza imboni yendawo, ngaleyo ndlela sinezici ezilandelayo.

  • Khulisa ukukhiqiza.
  • Ukusatshalaliswa kwayo yonke imisebenzi kuyalingana futhi izinqubomgomo zigxile ezenzweni zokulinganisa indawo ngayinye.
  • Izinga lokuphila liyakhuphuka.
  • Iholo lesizwe liyakhuphuka ukuze izinqubomgomo zentela zihlale zizinzile.
  • Ukuqashwa kuyakhula futhi kunezinga elingcono lokuchuma.

Izici zokukhula komnotho ziwumphumela wezinqubomgomo zezomnotho eziphusile lapho kuhlonishwa khona imithetho yomdlalo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kukhuthazwa. Isici ngasinye sinquma ukuze kuzuzwe ibhalansi kuzo zonke izinqubo; ukuze umbuso ube yisici esinqumayo sokufuna ukufana nokunciphisa izingxabano zezombangazwe zezenhlalo nezomnotho.

Ngale ndlela, kwakhiwa indawo lapho osomabhizinisi, abasebenzi bezombusazwe kanye nabatshalizimali bethuthukisa imisebenzi yabo endaweni ezinzile, ukuze isici ngasinye sikwazi ukufeza intuthuko yaso. Lokhu kuvumela ukudala inyunyana, ukwandisa ukukhula komnotho ozinzile.

Yiziphi izinkomba?

Izinyathelo ezisiza ukwazi isimo somnotho wezwe zimelelwa izinkomba zomnotho, lezi zivumela izibalo ukuthi zinikezwe ngamagrafu, imibiko, amathebula kanye nezinye izici mayelana nesimo somnotho wesizwe.

Endabeni yezimpawu zokukhula komnotho, izinkomba zivumela izenzo zokuhlola lapho ukukhula okusimeme kubonakala khona esikhathini esithile. Izibalo eziningi zikhonjiswa minyaka yonke, okusiza ukuhlola isabelomali, izinhlelo kanye nezinjongo zangempela ezisekelwe kwizibalo.

I-PIB

Le nkomba ivumela ukukhombisa inani lemali ekhiqizwe ngazo zonke izimpahla namasevisi akhiqizwa izwe esikhathini esithile. Ivumela ukukala ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwawo wonke lawa manani, ngakho ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganiswa kolwazi kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane.Ngalokho, isiphetho sakho konke ukukhiqizwa kwempahla namasevisi kufanele kwaziwe.

Ngamanye amazwi, ukwazi ukuthi kungakanani ukudla okukhiqizwayo, zingaki izimoto ezahlanganiswa, inani lezinsiza ezinikeziwe, izincwadi ezikhiqiziwe, nakho konke okudaliwe kwakhiqizwa ezweni.Sibe sesiba nesilinganiso sayo yonke into ekhiqizwa ngemishini ipensela ngisho nesikebhe kumele sibhaliswe futhi sibale. Nokho, kukhona idatha okunzima ukulandisa ngayo, njengezimpahla zokuzisiza kanye nomnotho ongakahleleki.

Njengoba kukalwa?

Ukuze wazi ukuthi i-GDP iyanda, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuguquguquka okunqumayo. Kulokhu, amanani onyaka odlule ayehlobene nalona wamanje, umehluko uveza umphumela lapho ubhekwa khona ukuthi kukhona ukukhula komnotho noma cha; khona-ke, ukwazi izinga le-GDP, kwenziwa ifomula elandelayo: [(Unyaka we-GDP 1 / unyaka we-GDP 0) – 1] x 100, umphumela unikeza inani lephesenti elivumela ukwazi ukuthi bekukhona yini ukukhula.

Izibalo ezethulwe futhi njengoba sishilo ngaphambili kufanele zibalwe ngochwepheshe abaphethe ukuhlanganisa yonke imininingwane yezinkampani, izimboni namabhizinisi axhumene nezwe, ukuze kamuva zibonakale embikweni wonyaka lapho izinto zomnotho ezikhulile noma eziye zakhula. kukhonjisiwe ngakunye.

Izindlela zokulinganisa

I-GDP isebenzisa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene, enye yazo iwukusebenzisa indlela yezindleko lapho kufunwa khona ukwazi ukusetshenziswa kwabahlali empahleni nasezinsizeni esikhathini esithile. Kusetshenziswa ifomula elandelayo: I-GDP = C + I + G + X – M, lapho u-«C» kuwukusetshenziswa kokugcina, «I» ukwakheka kwemali eyisamba, «G» ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, «X» ukusetshenziswa kwemali yomphakathi kanye «M» nokuthekelisa.

Inqubo elandelayo ibizwa ngokuthi "Indlela Yokwengezwa Kwevalue", ihlanganisa ukungeza inani eliphelele elengeziwe elikhiqizwa ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla namasevisi esikhathini esithile esinikeziwe. Ifomula elandelayo i-GDP = i-GVA + izintela - izibonelelo ziyasetshenziswa, lapho i-GVA iyinani eliphelele elengeziwe.

Enye indlela ibizwa ngokuthi imali engenayo, lapho zonke izinzuzo zabanikazi ezikhiqiza inzuzo nokukhiqiza zengezwa, okungukuthi, labo abakhuthaza umsebenzi futhi bavumele imali yabo ukuba yande. Kulokhu, okulandelayo kufanele kusetshenziswe: I-GDP = RA + EBE + izintela - izibonelelo, lapho «i-RA» imele ukukhokhelwa kwezisebenzi, «EBE», insalela yokusebenza enkulu.

Qasha umuntu ngamunye

Kukholakala ukuthi ingenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu kumarekhodi ezomnotho wezwe. Iphethe ukulinganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-GDP kanye nenani lezakhamuzi zesizwe; okusho ukuthi, inani livumela ukwazi ukuthi i-GDP ikhokhela ngempela izenzo zokukhiqiza inhlalakahle emphakathini.

Itholwa ngokuhlukanisa i-GDP ngenani lezakhamuzi, ukuze bese ithola i-GDP ngomuntu ngamunye. Wonke amanani akhonjiswe embikweni we-capita ngayinye anqunywa idola USD. Kulokhu, inani lemali kazwelonke lithathwa umehluko wenani layo ngamadola, bese kwenziwa umsebenzi odingekayo.

Inani libonisa iholo elimaphakathi okufanele isakhamuzi ngasinye sezwe silithole ukuze kukhiqizwe izimpahla namasevisi ezwe. Esibonelweni esilandelayo, izwe line-GDP yonyaka yezigidi ezingu-400 zamaRandi kanye nenani labantu abayizigidi ezingu-40, ifomula iyasetshenziswa futhi umphumela ube ngu-$ 10.000, okuyisamba okufanele sitholwe isakhamuzi ngasinye ngonyaka.

imali yesizwe

Kuyinkomba elula kakhulu ukunquma, itholakala ngakho konke ukukhiqizwa kwangaphakathi kwesizwe, lapho imiphumela yokukhiqizwa kwesithelo somhlaba, isebenza ngazo zonke izinhlobo zayo, imali, ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezinkampani.


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