I-Las izici zokufuduka Bethula ukuhlukahluka okuguquguqukayo okubandakanya inani lezinhloso eziphawuleka kakhulu, enye yazo ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo zezomnotho, isenzo sabo esiyinhloko ukudluliselwa kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye, lapha ungathola izimbangela zabo, izitayela nokunye okuningi.
Incazelo
Ukufuduka kwakhiwe izici ezihlukahlukene ezikuchaza njengokugeleza kokunyakaza abantu abakwenzayo besuka endaweni ethile beya kwenye. Ngenhloso yokuhlala endaweni unomphela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufuduka kumelela isici esidlulela esinemiphumela emihle ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo sabantu sisonke.
Ngakho-ke, kukhona amagama angu-2 asiza ukuqonda ukufuduka, phakathi kwabo sithola ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe, lokhu kwenzeka kusukela ngesikhathi umuntu elungiselela ukungena esizweni. Nakuba ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe kuwumphumela wokushiya izwe elithile. Labo abasuka kwamanye amazwe baziwa ngokuthi abokufika, futhi labo abafudukayo babizwa ngokuthi abafuduki. Kusukela kulesi sihloko izici ezilandelayo:
- phakathi kwezifunda: Labo abahamba ngaphakathi kwendawo kazwelonke efanayo. Isibonelo: ukusuka eFlorida ukuya eTexas.
- I-Intracontinental: Labo abahamba phakathi kwezwekazi elifanayo, isibonelo seVenezuela ukuya e-Argentina.
- I-Intercontinental: Labo abasuka kwelinye izwekazi baye kwelinye. Isibonelo ukusuka e-United States ukuya e-China.
Ngokuvamile, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe kuwukuzithandela. Nokho, kunezizathu ezihlukahlukene zokuthi kungani umuntu ethatha isinqumo sokwenza isenzo esifana nalesi. Kwezinye izimo kuba impoqo, kuye ngokuthi isimo kanye nezizathu.
Ukufuduka cishe, phakathi neminyaka kuye kwaba yiqiniso elivame ukwenziwa, ngenxa yemibandela yokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, ngokuqhubekayo, namuhla abantu abaningi banethuba lokusuka ezweni ngezinhloso zabo zomuntu siqu ukuze bathole izinga elingcono lempilo.
Akubhekwa njengokufuduka, labo bantu abenza imikhuba ngezinjongo zokuvakasha, noma labo abahambela umsebenzi, inqobo nje uma ukuhlala kwabo kungahlali ngokuphelele ezweni, abatholi isimilo somuntu wokufika.
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abantu befuduka. Ngenxa yezinqubo ezithile zezombangazwe, ezomnotho, ezenhlalo noma ezempi, sonke isibalo sabantu singanquma ukuthuthela ezindaweni ezintsha. Lokhu kuyindaba yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, lapho abantu abaningi baseYurophu, ikakhulukazi labo abavela eSpain, bathuthela e- Izwekazi laseMelika, ngezizathu ezinqala ezabaholela ekutheni bathathe isinqumo sokushiya isizwe sabo bayongena kwesinye.
Kulezi zikhathi zesimanjemanje, umlingiswa ofudukayo uthonywa kakhulu izimo zezepolitiki nezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, isenzo esishiwo sincike emithethweni neziqondiso abantu okufanele bazithobele ukuze bafaneleke, futhi bakhethe ukuhlala ezweni, lapho ukufuduka kulinganiselwe ngokomthetho.
Izinhlobo zokufuduka
Kukhona ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezinhlobo zokufuduka kwabantu. Zonke zinohlamvu oluhlukile nolubambekayo, olususelwe kweminye izimiso ezichazayo nezizikhombayo. Ezinye zazo esingabala zihlanganisa:
- ukufuduka kwangaphakathi: Isho leyo mnyakazo eyenziwa abantu ngabanye esizweni esisodwa.
Ukufuduka kwangaphandle: kubhekisela kulabo bantu abahamba ngaphandle kwemingcele yendawo yezwe labo, okungukuthi, ukusuka kwelinye izwe ukuya kwelinye. - ukufuduka kwamanye amazwe: futhi ukusuka kwesinye iSifunda ukuya kwesinye.
- ukudluliswa kwabantu: kwenzeka lapho ababusi bezwe bephoqa abantu ukuthi bashiye isizwe.
- ukufuduka okuvinjelwe: Ithuthuka kusukela ngesikhathi lapho izakhamuzi zezwe zenza khona isinqumo sokuthuthela endaweni entsha ngenxa yezingxabano zezempi.
- ukufuduka kwamaketanga: zenziwa ngamaqembu abantu, phakathi kwabo kungaba iqembu lomndeni elinquma ukuthuthela endaweni eyodwa nokhokho babo.
- ukufuduka okumangalisayo: Ikhiqiza futhi ngezikhathi zonyaka ezimfishane, futhi ngendlela emangalisayo, okungukuthi, ukusuka endaweni kuya enhloko-dolobha, ukusuka edolobheni kuye endaweni eyidolobha elikhulu.
- ukufuduka kwesizini: Lokhu ukufuduka okubekwe umkhawulo wesikhathi othize. Lokhu kuyindaba yalabo bantu abafudukayo ngenxa yomsebenzi.
- Ukufuduka okuyisiyingi noma okubuyayo: Kuvela lapho umuntu eya kwelinye izwe futhi ngemva kwesizini ebuyela ezweni lakubo.
Izimbangela zokufuduka
Kunezimbangela eziningi zokuthi ukufuduka kuthuthuke, izizathu zingahlukahluka, kwezinye izimo ezinye ziyinkimbinkimbi kunezinye, nokho kuyiqiniso elingeke lingabonakali. Ezinye zalezi zimbangela yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Ezomnotho Ngezisusa zokuthola imithombo emisha yomsebenzi, izinga lempilo elingcono, izizathu zokufunda, phakathi kokunye. Lokhu kumelela okukodwa okukhulu izici zokufuduka inani labantu, yingakho abantu abaningi beshiya izwe labo lendabuko ngenxa yezimo zomnotho.
- Okomphakathi: Ukungalondeki kungesinye sezizathu ezenza abantu bavame ukusuka kwelinye izwe baye kwelinye. Lokhu ngokufuna ukuphepha nenhlalakahle yomphakathi.
- Izinqubomgomo: Gwema izingxabano zezombangazwe, imizabalazo kahulumeni, ukuntuleka kokuxhumana nokuphathwa kwezinsiza.
- Amasiko: Imfundo idlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu. Ukuntuleka kwamathuba kungesinye isici esibalulekile. Amasiko esizwe angaba isici esikhangayo kulabo abalangazelela ukuvakashela izwe ngenjongo yokuhlala lapho.
- Ezemvelo: Lapho isizwe singenazo izimo zezulu nezemvelo ezikahle, inani labantu liyothinteka ngempela, futhi iningi lezakhamuzi zaso liyofuna indlela yokufudukela kwenye indawo.
- Ezinye izici: Ukuba khona kwezinye izici ezithuthuka ezingeni elijwayelekile ezweni kungahluka, nokho-ke, kuyisinqumo somuntu siqu futhi esizimele ukwenza isinqumo sokushiya izwe elithile uyongena kwelinye njengowokufika, kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukulinganiselwa abaningi.
Imiphumela yokufuduka
Imiphumela ingase ingabi ngokushesha. Nokho ngokusebenzisa izici zokufuduka siyabona ukuthi izwe eliminyene kakhulu lingaletha imiphumela eyinhlekelele nefinyelela kude. Phakathi kwabo ukuchichima kwabantu, kanye Imiphumela yomthelela wendawo, ukuntuleka kokulawula komphakathi phakathi kwezinye izici. Kwezinye izimo (hhayi kuzo zonke) ingxenye yabantu abafudukela kuHulumeni ivame ukushintsha ijubane kwezinye izindawo, kuyindaba yenkundla yezabasebenzi, ukungavikeleki kanye nezici ezithile zomthetho.