La abantu basemadolobheni Inezici eziningi. Lolu hlobo lwabantu lubonakala ngokuminyene kakhulu. Sikumema ukuthi uthole kulesi sihloko konke mayelana nemvelaphi, izici kanye nokuthuthuka kwabantu basemadolobheni.
Umsuka wabantu basemadolobheni
Umsuka wabantu basemadolobheni uvela cishe ngonyaka we-6.000 a. C ekhumbula izikhathi zakudala umuntu adlula kuzo, isikhathi ayephila kuso ngokuzuma, ephila ngokudoba nokuqoqa kuphela.
Umuntu uthuthukisa indlela entsha yokuphila, ngokuzihlanganisa ngokuthola amakhono amasha amvumela ukuthi athole ulwazi olusha ngokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezolimo, ukuze anelise izidingo zakhe zokudla okunomsoco, kwakhiwa izindlela ezintsha zokuphila, kusukela ekuhwebeni.
Elinye lamadolobha ayenabantu abaningi kwakuyiRoma lasendulo. Idolobha okwathuthukiswa kulo intuthuko enkulu mayelana nezohwebo, okwakubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamanye amadolobha emhlabeni jikelele.
Kusukela emlandweni singathatha uguquko lwezezimboni, isigameko esadala uthuthuva olukhulu ngemva kwenqubekelaphambili yezobuchwepheshe eyayidalula ngaleso sikhathi, neyayithuthukisa futhi yaqinisa imikhakha ephuma emisebenzini yezomnotho.
Izici zenani labantu basemadolobheni
Izici zezindawo zasemadolobheni zichazwa kanje:
- Ikakhulukazi, inani labantu basemadolobheni likhonjwa ngokuba nokuminyana kwabantu okuphezulu.
- Indawo lapho labantu abakhula khona inkulu.
- Ngokuphawulekayo, isici sezwe siphazanyiswa ukuphazanyiswa komuntu, ngoba ngenxa yezizathu zesimanje, izakhiwo, ukuphakama, amabhuloho amakhulu akhiwe, phakathi kweminye imisebenzi eklanywe ngumuntu.
- Igxile kakhulu emisebenzini yayo yezomnotho emikhakheni yesibili neyemfundo ephakeme.
- Ngokwengxenye enkulu, inikeza izinhlobonhlobo zezinsizakalo, njengamathuba emisebenzi amakhulu, imfundo, kanye nempilo.
- Ngokuvamile abantu bahlala ezindlini, hhayi ezindlini.
Ukuzijabulisa kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu basemadolobheni, njengoba kunengqalasizinda emikhulu njengamahhotela, izindawo zokuthenga, amasinema, amabhishi, amapaki, phakathi kwezinye izindawo ezisiza umphakathi jikelele ukuthi udale kabusha.
Umehluko phakathi kwabantu emadolobheni nasemakhaya
Isici esiyinhloko esilethwa umphakathi wasemaphandleni sihlobene nenani lezakhamuzi elinalo, ngokuvamile abantu abangaphansi kwezakhamuzi ezilinganiselwa ku-2.500.
Olunye uphawu esingeke salushalazela ukuthi abantu basemaphandleni abajwayele ukuhlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ngokungafani nabantu basemadolobheni, abanazo izinto zokuhamba, kanjalo nokuntuleka kwezidingongqangi.
Bathuthukisa umsebenzi wabo wezomnotho kusukela emkhakheni oyinhloko, umkhakha wezolimo uwumthombo oyinhloko womsebenzi, osekelwe emfuyweni, ukuxhashazwa nokuzalaniswa kwezingulube, ukutshala, nokuqoqwa kokudla okulungele ukudayiswa phakathi kokunye.
Ngenkathi inani labantu basemadolobheni linentshisekelo yokuhlala emadolobheni noma emazweni anikezela ngekhwalithi engcono yempilo, ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezinhle, futhi avumela ukwenziwa ngokugcwele kwezinsiza zezomnotho.
Lokhu kuhumusha ekujabuleleni izinsiza ezifana nokuhamba komhlaba, inani elikhulu lezinsizakalo, njengokusatshalaliswa kahle kwamanzi okuphuza, isevisi enhle yegesi eqondile, ukukhanya emigwaqweni yomphakathi, ukuthuthwa kwendle, phakathi kokunye.
lezi ezinye ze izici zenani labantu basemadolobheni ngokungafani nenani labantu basemaphandleni, kucatshangelwa umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwenani labantu kanye nelinye.
Imikhakha yomsebenzi wezomnotho
Umsebenzi wayo uthuthukiswa usuka emikhakheni emihlanu yemisebenzi yezomnotho, yilezi:
- Umkhakha oyinhloko: isekelwe ekuxhashazweni kwemithombo yemvelo evela emhlabeni, ekhishwa umuntu ukuze idayiswe, futhi isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile.
- Umkhakha wesibili: Imele imisebenzi eyenziwa yimboni yokukhiqiza, yona ehlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ebizwa nangokuthi imboni yezimboni.
- Umkhakha wesithathu: Ichazwa njengaleyo ehlanganisa futhi ehlanganisa yonke imisebenzi yezomnotho injongo yayo iwukukhiqiza nokukhiqizwa kwazo zonke izinsiza zomphakathi, ezifunwa umphakathi ngokujwayelekile.
- Umkhakha we-quaternary: Ihlanganisa imisebenzi ehlobene nokusekelwa kwesayensi eye yathuthukiswa kuleli khulu leminyaka elisha, ihlobene nokuqamba izinto ezintsha, ubuciko, kanye neminikelo ehloselwe ukwenza imisebenzi efaka isandla embonini nakwezohwebo.
- Umkhakha we-Quinary: Ihlukaniswa njengengxenye yomkhakha wemfundo ephakeme, kule ndawo yezomnotho, igxile ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi nasekuthathweni kwezinqumo. Umkhakha oyinhloko wokwenziwa kwayo izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, noma izinkampani eziphezulu.
Yiziphi izinkinga abantu basemadolobheni abanazo?
Naphezu kwakho konke ukunethezeka noma ukunethezeka okuba yingxenye ye izindawo zasemadolobheni, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezinkinga ezibangelwa ukungalingani okuthile endleleni yale ndlela yokuphila.
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu abantu basemadolobheni eba khona ihlobene nalokhu:
Ukulimala okukhulu kwemvelo
Izenzo ezenziwa umuntu, njengokushiswa, ukugawulwa kwemithi, ukusungulwa kwemikhiqizo emisha emakethe, ukungcoliswa Imifula ngokusebenzisa imfucuza yezimboni, ngemikhiqizo etholakala emisebenzini yabo, yehlisa inhlalakahle yeplanethi.
Ukugcwala ngokweqile kwabantu
Lokhu kumelela omunye wemiphumela edume kabi. Ukugcwala kwenani labantu emadolobheni anezimboni kuletha imiphumela engemihle njengokuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ukushoda kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nemithombo yemvelo, iminyaka ephansi yokuphila, phakathi kwezinye izici.
ukuchichima kwabantu kumele izici zenani labantu basemadolobheni kuvusa, kubi futhi kungqubuzane kunalokho okungakhiqizwa, njengoba kubangela uchungechunge lwezinto ezingahlehlisa ukuthuthuka kwenani labantu.
Ukubaluleka kwabantu basemadolobheni
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi naphezu kwezinkinga ezibangelwa abantu abaningi basemadolobheni, zimele intuthuko nenqubekela phambili yesintu, njengoba ngazo ukukhula komnotho, imithombo yomsebenzi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kanye nokusungulwa kwengqalasizinda.
Izibonelo zenani labantu basemadolobheni eliminyene kakhulu emhlabeni
Enye ye izici zenani labantu basemadolobheni ukuthi bajabulela izinzuzo ezinkulu nezinkonzo ezinhle, futhi bamele umthombo omkhulu womsebenzi kanye nethuba lokungenisa imali.
Lokhu sekudale ukuthi inqwaba yabantu abavela kulelo zwe noma abantu bakwamanye amazwe bafune ukuthuthela kula madolobha, okubangele inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu elibuthene endaweni eyodwa.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, amadolobha anenani elikhulu labantu:
ENew York
Indawo yedolobha elikhulu inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-22 (kusukela ngonyaka ka-2018), le ndawo ineNew York City njengenucleus yayo eyinhloko, enabantu abangaphezu kwe-8.
Idolobha liyinombolo 1 e-United States njengelinabantu abaningi. Indawo yedolobha elikhulu nayo inabantu abaningi basemadolobheni.
Tokyo
Njengoba kunabantu abayizigidi ezingama-35 abahlala endaweni yayo. I-Tokyo ibhekwa njengenye yezindawo eziminyene kakhulu emhlabeni.
I-Mexico City
I-Mexico inabantu abaningi, okwamanje iphakathi kwamadolobha ayishumi aphezulu aqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhamuzi emhlabeni jikelele.
Inesibalo sabantu abayizigidi ezingama-21 endaweni yayo yedolobha elikhulu nase-nucleus yayo (iMexico City) enabantu abangaphezu kuka-8.
Sao Paulo
Yilona dolobha elinabantu abaningi eNingizimu Melika, lihamba phambili ohlwini ngenani labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-12, liphinde libe ngunombolo 1 ngokwezomnotho. Igqame ngokuba yidolobha lezokuvakasha kwezamabhizinisi ngaphezu kokuba ngezokuvakasha zokungcebeleka.
IShanghai
Inhloko-dolobha yePeople's Republic of China nayo ingelinye lamadolobha anabantu abaningi emhlabeni. Kuze kube unyaka wezi-2018 yayinenani labantu abangu-23. Leli dolobha lihlukene elithathwa njengomasipala basemadolobheni abangu-390, ngamunye unomgogodla wawo.