Enye yezinsika ezibalulekile zesiko lezwe inkolo.. Amanye amazwe omhlaba awahlanganyeli amasiko kuphela kodwa ahlanganyela uhlobo olufanayo lwenkolo namasiko. Labo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abasebenzisa izinkolo ezihlukahlukene, kokubili amasiko namasiko nezinkolelo zabo, nabo bahlukile.
Eposini lanamuhla sizokhuluma ngayo yonke into ezungeza lo mhlaba, sizohlaziya ukuthi iyini inkolo, umlando wayo kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkolo ezikhona emhlabeni.. Kuyisihloko abantu abaningi abangasazi ngenxa yokwaziswa okungelona iqiniso, futhi kungaba nesithakazelo esikhulu.
Izinkolelo ezehlukene zenkolo zinomthelela omkhulu emphakathini namasiko ezwe. Njengoba sesiphawulile, ngayinye yazo inikela ngokuthile kwabathembekile bayo ngakho-ke yenza noma icabange ngendlela ehlukile kwamanye amasikoKuye ngokuthi sikhuluma ngobuKristu, ubuProthestani, noma ubuKatolika, kuyoba nomcabango noma umbono ohlukile ngesihloko esisodwa noma esinye.
Iyini inkolo?
Kulesi sigaba sizokhuluma ngendaba yenkolo, sifunde ukuthi iyini kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkolo ezikhona namuhla.
Inkolo ichazwa njengeqoqo lezinkolelo, ukuziphatha kanye nezindinganiso zamasiko, kanye nezimiso zokuziphatha nezenhlalakahle. Ngalezi zinkolelo nokuziphatha, umphakathi wezenkolo uhlotshaniswa nabangcwele kanye nobunkulunkulu.
Inkolo ngayinye ekhona namuhla emiphakathini eyahlukene, zakhiwe ngeqoqo lezimiso, izinkolelo nezinqubo. Konke lokhu kusekelwe emibuzweni ehlobene nokuba khona, ukuziphatha kanye nezingokomoya.
Ngakho konke lokho, inkolo iba yindlela yokuphila kubalandeli bayo ebasiza ezimeni ezimbi, lapho bekholelwa ukuthi konke akulungile. Ukuziphatha okuhle nokulandela iziqondiso ezibekwe yinkolo ngayinye kukunikeza isivikelo ngaphambi kwezikhathi ezinzima, kanye nencazelo yokuphila kanye nencazelo yokufa.
Ngokugxila encazelweni ye-etymological yomqondo wenkolo, kwethulwa iziphakamiso ezimbili. Eyokuqala ithi inkolo Ivela kwisiLatini inkolo, yona yona isuselwa esenzweni inkolo incazelo yalo ihlotshaniswa nelithi "bopha" nelithi "bopha". Ngakho-ke, inkolo iqondwa ngokwalesi siphakamiso sencazelo njengesixhumanisi phakathi kwabantu kanye noNkulunkulu.
Incazelo yesibili ngenkolo, Ivela kwisiLatini ezenkolo, igama elisho ukucophelela. Kulokhu, inkolo izobhekwa njengokuqapha okucophelelayo nokuhambisana nezinkambiso nezinkolelo.
Ngakho, inkolo isiphenduke indlela ehlanganisa abantu nonkulunkulu noma amanye amandla kaNkulunkulu.
umlando wenkolo
El Ukutholwa kwezidumbu zama-homo sapiens kanye namaNeanderthal angcwatshwa asendulo kuthathwa njengobufakazi bokuqala bemibono ekhona yenkolo. ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, yingakho kuthiwa umlando wenkolo usemdala njengempilo yomuntu.
Okunye ukubonakaliswa kwezenkolo kwakudala kungatholakala eTurkey, endaweni engcwele endala eyaziwa kuze kube manje. Lobu bufakazi benkolo buyiqoqo lama-megaliths asukela ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-9 ngaphambi kukaKristu. Ku I-Egypt, yilokho okulinganiselwa ukuthi yimibhalo yokuqala yenkolo, ebhalwe emibhoshongweni yaseGibhithe.
Kudala, kulokho okwaziwa ngokuthi I-Axial Era, amasiko okuqala enkolo nefilosofi anethonya elikhulu emiphakathini aqala ukudalwa.. Ezinye zazo kwakuwukukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa okwavela ePheresiya, imfundiso kaPlato yaseGreece, ubuBuddha nobuJainism baseNdiya, nobuConfucian nobuTao obavela eChina.
Njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka, izinkolo ziqala ukusabalala kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia. Izinkolo ezahlukene ziqala ukusabalala ezindaweni ezahlukene, inkolo yobuKrestu yenza emazweni aseNtshonalanga, ubuBuddha eMpumalanga yezwekazi lase-Asia kanye nobuSulumane, buyenza eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Asia Ephakathi, eNyakatho Afrika nakwezinye izindawo zaseNdiya naseYurophu. .
Njengoba sesivele sazi inkolo nayo yabhekana nezingxabano ekuthuthukeni kwayo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Izimpi phakathi kwama-Arabhu namaByzantines, iziMpi Zenkolo, ukubuyiswa kabusha kweSpanishi, njll.
Cishe ngekhulu leshumi nanhlanu, ngokunqotshwa kweYurophu kanye nekoloni, inkolo yobuKristu yasakazeka kulo lonke elaseMelika, ePhilippines, ezingxenyeni ze-Afrika nase-Oceania. Ekuqaleni kwe-XV, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka Ngo-1517 iNguquko YamaProthestani yaqala ngaphansi kukaMartin Luther.. Lesi senzakalo saholela ekusungulweni kochungechunge lwezingxabano zenkolo phakathi kwamaKristu namaProthestani.
Esinye isenzakalo esingokomlando esiphawula umlando wenkolo yilesi eI-stallido yeNguquko YaseFrance ngo-1789, ibhekwa njengomphumela oyinhloko wokuhlukana phakathi kwesonto nombuso. emazweni amaningana, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuwa kwezinkolelo zabo eYurophu.
Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ukulandela kwenkolo kusasebenza emphakathini wanamuhla. Emazweni amaningi, izinkolelo zenkolo zilandelwa ngenkuthalo iningi labantu, kuyilapho kwamanye amasiko kukhuthazwa ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu noma ukulandela eyabo imibono.
Izinhlobo zenkolo ngokokuqanjwa kwemfundiso yenkolo
Umthombo: https://es.wikipedia.org/
Okokuqala, sifuna ukukhuluma mayelana izinhlobo zezinkolo ahlukaniswe kuzo ngokwenani lonkulunkulu abakholelwa kuzo.
Umqondo we-theism uhlobene nezinkolelo zaphezulu eziphelele, abadali bomhlaba. Lezi zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu; ama-polytheists, abakholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa kanye ne-dualism.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona izinkolo eziningi, lapho kukholakala ukuthi akukho Nkulunkulu oyedwa kuphela, kodwa kukhona abaningana ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu. Isibonelo salolu hlobo lwenkolo iRoma, kuyo ngamunye unkulunkulu umelwe ngesimo somuntu nangamandla angcwele.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, siyathola Izinkolo zokukholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu oyedwa, ngokungafani nezingaphambili, kuzo kukholakala ukuthi kukhona uNkulunkulu oyedwa kuphela. Lolu hlobo lwenkolelo luvamile ebuKristwini.
Lapho sikhuluma nge ububili, sikwenzela ukubhekisela ezinkolweni ezamukelayo ukuthi kunezimiso ezimbili eziphakeme kanjani okuhle nokubi.
Okokugcina, yisho umqondo wokungeyona i-theism, lo mqondo usekelwe ekungakholelwa konkulunkulu abaphelele. Ngokuvamile amagagasi omoya abona ubunkulunkulu ngendlela ehlukile.
Izinkolo eziyinhloko ezikhona
Uma sesazi izinhlobo zezinkolo ezikhona kuye ngokuthi umuntu ukholelwa kunkulunkulu, konkulunkulu noma akakholelwa ngokuqondile ebunkulunkulwini obuphelele, Sizogxila ekwazini ukuthi yiziphi izinkolo eziyinhloko ezikhona emhlabeni wonke.
UbuKristu
Le nkolo ivela ekhulwini lokuqala, futhi UJesu Kristu waziwa njengeNdodana kaNkulunkulu. Phakathi neminyaka yokuphila kwakhe wakhetha abaphostoli abayishumi nambili ababephethe ukusabalalisa izwi lakhe. Kanye noMoya oNgcwele kanye noBaba, bakha uZiqu-zintathu.
Incwadi engcwele yale nkolo iBhayibheli, futhi amaBandla ayindawo engcwele yokushunyayelwa komyalezo kaNkulunkulu.. UbuKristu, njengezinye izinkolo eziningi, buhlukaniswe ngamagatsha ahlukene; AmaKatolika, amaProthestani nama-Orthodox.
NgobuKatolika umuntu oyinhloko nguPapa oseVatican. Igxile ekukhulekeleni umuntu oyedwa, uJesu. Ivumela ukuhlonishwa nokuqapha abanye onkulunkulu abanjengoMariya uMariya kanye nabangcwele abahlukene noma abaxhasi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igatsha lama-Orthodox, ligcina izinkolelo zobuKatolika, kodwa likude kakhulu nalo ngokwemibono ethile eqinile. Igunya eliphakeme kulokhu umkhandlu kahulumeni, isibalo sikapapa siyaqashelwa kodwa asibhekwa njengegunya eliphakeme.
Futhi ekugcineni sikhuluma ngayo UbuProthestani, ehlukene neSonto LamaKatolika njengoba sibonile esigabeni esandulele. Ihlukaniswe yaba amahlelo ahlukene njengeLuthela, i-Anglicanism, i-Baptism, iMethodism kanye neCalvinism.
Islam
Yasungulwa nguMuhammad ngekhulu lesikhombisa futhi umsuka wayo utholakala ezambulweni umprofethi ayenazo, okwavela kuye ingelosi enkulu uGabriyeli, eyabonisa ukuthi wayekhethiwe njengomprofethi nokuthi kufanele asakaze izwi lika-Allah.
Kule nkolo, umbhalo ongcwele utholakala encwadini yeKoran, lapho izambulo zitholakala khona Yini umprofethi abhekana nayo? Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamahlelo amaSulumane; AmaSunni namaShia.
El AmaSunni, alandelwa yinani elikhulu lamakholwa, ngaphezu kokulandela incwadi yeKoran futhi, bangabalandeli beSunnah., iqoqo lamazwi namaqiniso ahlobene noMuhammad. Bavikela ukuba khona kwezinsika ezinhlanu eziyisisekelo okuwukholo, umthandazo, ukunikeza iZakat, iRamadan kanye nokuhambela eMecca.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhona abalandeli be I-Shiism, lapho inani elincane lamaSulumane liyingxenye yabo. Kuvela ngemva kokufa komprofethi uMuhammad phakathi kwabalandeli baka-Ali.
UbuHindu
Ivela eNdiya, kunjalo enye yezinkolo ezindala kunazo zonke ezaziwayo emhlabeni futhi ikholelwa ekukhulekeleni konkulunkulu abaningi. Bahlanganisa iqoqo lezimfundiso ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokwehluka okukhulu mayelana nokuthambekela kwefilosofi nengokomoya.
Zonke lezi zimfundiso nokuthambekela kuhlangana ezicini ezimbili eziyisisekelo ezifanayo, inkolelo kunkulunkulu ophakeme (uBrahma) nokuthi zonke izidalwa zidlula emjikelezweni wokuphindukuzalwa.
UbuBuddha
Lolu hlobo lwenkolo eqenjini lezinkolo ezingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, umuntu walo ophakeme ongeyena uNkulunkulu. Sikhuluma-ke, ngemfundiso yefilosofi nenkolo evela ezimfundisweni ezisakazwa nguSiddhartha Gautama wakhe.
Le mfundiso ikhona kakhulu kuwo wonke amazwe ase-Asia futhi isakazeka ezindaweni ezahlukene emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphakathi kwale nkolo, ungathola izimfundiso ezahlukene, izikole kanye nemikhuba, konke okusekelwe ezimisweni zefilosofi.
Ngokusho komyalezo weBuddhism ukuthuthukiswa kokuphila kwethu kuhlanganisa nokuhlupheka umsuka wayo uyisifiso. Lapho leso sifiso sesiphelile, lokho kuhlupheka esasikhuluma ngakho kuyoshabalala ngesikhathi esifanayo. Indlela yokuqeda lokho kuhlupheka yakhiwe ukuhlakanipha, ukuziphatha okuhle, ukuzindla, ukunaka kanye nokuqaphela ngokugcwele okwenzekayo esikhathini samanje.
Izinkolo ngokuhamba kweminyaka zingashintsha futhi zibe nezinguquko. Njengoba sesibonile, izinkolo ziyimfundiso esekela izinkolelo, amasiko nezindumiso zazo kubantu baphezulu nakulabo ezibabheka njengabaphakeme kwezinye izimo.