Kulesi sihloko uzothola ulwazi mayelana ne-Sequoia Tree, okuthi, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obumangalisayo, ihlobise izindawo zokuzijabulisa ezidume kakhulu nezinye izindawo lapho itholakala khona, ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlukaniswa nezinkulungwane zeminyaka ezihlala njalo. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngenhlonipho, sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda.
Isihlahla Sequoia
Lapho sibhekisela ezihlahleni ezinde nezinkulu, kumelwe sikhulume ngesihlahla se-sequoia noma i-sequoia sempervirens, njengoba siwuhlobo oluhlobisa kakhulu izimbali zomhlaba. Naphezu kokuba zitholakala kakhulu e-United States, zibuye zithandeke eSpain, Austria, France, England, New Zealand, Great Britain, Italy nasePortugal, phakathi kwamanye amazwe. Zibonakala ngokukhula kancane, futhi ziyingxenye yezitshalo ezihlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba nenhlabathi eswakeme, ikakhulukazi amapaki kazwelonke nezikhumbuzo.
Ama-sequoia akhula abe yizigaxa, ochwepheshe abakholelwa ukuthi inikeza isivikelo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, ikakhulukazi emimoyeni eneqhwa neqhwa. Zinesakhiwo esikhethekile sokukhula njengoba iziqu eziningana zikhula zisondelene kakhulu ukusuka empandeni eyodwa. Lena indlela yokuzilondoloza, ukuze kuthi uma esinye seziqu sonakaliswe, ezinye ziqhubeke zikhula futhi zinikeze ubisi esiqwini esisidingayo. Amahlathi amakhulu alezi zinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo atholakala e-Oregon naseCalifornia.
Imbewu itholakala kuma-cones noma kumaphayinaphu, ezinye zivuthwa phakathi konyaka owodwa no-1, kodwa ezinye zithatha iminyaka efinyelela kwengama-2, ukukhiqizwa kwazo cishe kungama-20 imbewu ngokwesilinganiso, nsundu ngokuphuzi, ezinye ziwa lapho kushisa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, noma ngenxa ukulimala komlilo noma izinambuzane. Ngokuqondene nendlela lezi zihlahla ezizala ngayo, ziwubulili futhi azinabulili. Nakuba zikhiqiza inombolo enkulu yembewu, zingu-40% kuphela ezikwazi ukuqhakaza futhi zikhiqize ihlumela elisha.
Bangakwazi futhi ukuzala ngokusikwa, okungukuthi, kusukela emahlumela amancane, lapho kuzozalwa khona izitshalo ezifanayo ngofuzo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezihlahla ezinkulu nezihlala isikhathi eside zifinyelela ekuvuthweni kobulili phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15 nengama-20. Lezi zihlahla zingatholakala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esiswakeme, lapho ihlobo elomile nobusika obuneqhwa eliningi ligcwele khona; Iningi lamahlathi amakhulu e-sequoia atholakala enhlabathini eyi-granitic, eyinsalela kanye ne-alluvial, endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha angu-1,4 kuya kwangu-2 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Izinhlobo ze-Redwoods
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zalezi zihlahla, i-sequoia enkulu ingashiwo ngokomthetho, noma njengoba ngokwesayensi ibizwa ngokuthi i-Sequoiadendrum giganteum, i-evergreen conifer futhi okubizwa ngayo amagama ahlukene njenge-velintonia, sierra sequoia noma isihlahla esikhulu somdabu. entshonalanga Sierra Nevada, California ezingaba amamitha 105 ukuphakama, isilinganiso kwezinye izimo 50 noma 85 amamitha ukuphakama phakathi nokuphila kwayo okulinganiselwe iminyaka engu-3200.
Bese kuba ne-redwood yaseCalifornia, ebizwa nangokuthi i-redwood noma i-sequoia sempervirens, isihlahla esikhulu esinamaqabunga ayisicaba ahlala njalo ngokuvamile angaba amamilimitha angu-25 ubude futhi anombala oluhlaza okotshani. Zinesiqu esibanzi kakhulu esingamamitha angu-8, ngokubukeka kwangaphandle okubomvu kanye ne-fibrous, okuqinisa umbala wayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okulinganiselwa ukuthi uneminyaka efika ku-3000 ubudala. Itholakala ikakhulukazi ogwini lwasePacific eNyakatho Melika. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isifanekiso esidala kunazo zonke esitholakele sineminyaka engaba ngu-2200 ubudala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zitholakala ezwenikazi laseYurophu, ngoba engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-32, kusukela isipho phakathi kwamalungu obukhosi base-United Kingdom naseSpain, lolu hlobo lwatshalwa emapaki ahlukene njengomhlobiso wesithakazelo esikhulu. izici zayo ezitusekayo eziyenza ibe isihlahla esikhulu esingavamile nesibabazekayo. Ngokuqondene nezigaxa zawo ezimise okukaphayinaphu, zifinyelela ku-3 mm ubude futhi ziqukethe izimbewu ezi-7 kuye kweziyi-XNUMX ngayinye, njengoba kuvamile kulolu hlobo, izigaxa ziyavuleka lapho zomile ngaphezu kwayo yonke into noma kusetshenziswa izinambuzane ezikwazi ukuphuka. kwabo..
Kusukela ngo-2003, eCantabria, isimemezelo seNational Monument senziwa ngokusemthethweni njengendawo yokugcina izihlahla ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni, ezihlobisa ihlathi ngokumangalisayo kusukela ngawo-40. Ngokufanayo, eMexico batshalwe kusukela ngawo-70, ikakhulukazi emahlathini. Umasipala waseJilotepec, ama-redwoods asuka eCalifornia, futhi cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu kamuva asevele akhula cishe ngamamitha angu-15.
I-Redwoods Edume Umhlaba
Uma kucatshangelwa ububanzi besiqu sawo, izibonelo ezidume kakhulu, ngokwezifundo ezenziwa ngo-2009, okokuqala kuzo zonke i-Sequoia Hyperión, njengoba inkulu kakhulu selokhu yatholwa ngo-2006, ilinganisa cishe amamitha ayi-115 ukuphakama. Khona-ke kukhona iGeneral Sherman, efinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-83, etholakala ehlathini elikhulu lase-United States National Park, inesiqu esikhulu esinomjikelezo wamamitha angu-31 nomthamo wama-cubic metres angu-1.486, ihlukaniswa ngokusinda. iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2000 ubudala futhi ibhekwa njengesihlahla esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Ilandelwa yiGeneral Grant, etholakala eGeneral Grant Groove e-Kings Canyon National Park, engamamitha angu-81 ukuphakama, amamitha angu-32 ububanzi futhi inomthamo wama-cubic metres angu-1.319. Khona-ke uMongameli uyagqama, nayo etholakala endaweni yehlathi elikhulu elinobude obungamamitha angu-73 ubude, umjikelezo maqondana nomhlabathi wamamitha angu-28 futhi ubonisa umthamo wama-cubic metres angu-1278. Kanye neLincoln, njengenye ikhophi etholakala eGiant Forest, enamamitha ayo amangalisayo angama-77 ubude, amamitha angama-29 ukuzungeza kanye nevolumu engama-cubic metres ayi-1259.
Bese kuba ne-Stagg, etholakala e-Alder Creek ye-Giant Sequoia National Monument futhi inobukhulu obumangalisayo obufana namamitha angu-74 ukuphakama, ububanzi obungamamitha angu-33 kanye nomthamo wama-cubic metres angu-1205. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-Boole, okuyisihlahla se-Converse Basin, okuyingxenye yeSikhumbuzo esishiwo ngenhla futhi inobude obungamamitha angu-81, isiyingi esingamamitha angu-34 nomthamo wama-cubic metres angu-1202. Nakuba okuthiwa isihlahla sikaGenesise siyingxenye ye-Mountain Home futhi silinganisa amamitha angu-77 ukuphakama, amamitha angu-26 ukuzungeza kanye nama-cubic metres angu-1186 ngevolumu.
Abanye abakha uhlu lwama-sequoias adumile kuthiwa uFranklin, naye ovela eHlathini Elikhulu, elinobude obungamamitha angama-68, umjikelezo wamamitha angama-28 kanye nevolumu engama-cubic metres ayi-1168. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona isibonelo seKing Arthur esitholakala eGarfield Grove, esinobude obungamamitha angu-82, amamitha angu-31 ukuzungeza kanye nama-cubic metres angu-1151 ngevolumu. Ngokufanayo, uMonroe ugqamile, ongabonwa eGiant Forest grove futhi uyakwazisa umthamo wawo wama-cubic metres ayi-1135, ukuphakama kwawo okungamamitha angama-75 nobubanzi obungamamitha angama-27.
Zibuye zifakwe njengezihlahla ezinkulu ezaqanjwa ngokuthi uHelio, okubhekiselwa kunkulunkulu welanga ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki ngokulinganisa amamitha ayi-114. Kukhona futhi i-Icarus enobude obungamamitha angu-113, kanti isihlahla i-Daedalus singamamitha angu-110 kuphela ukuphakama. Mayelana nendawo ekuyo, kuthiwa ibekelwe injongo yokuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwemvelo futhi ngaleyo ndlela igweme ingozi yokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
Ukulondolozwa kwe-Sequoia
Namuhla ingenye yezilwane ezivikelekile, njengoba isibalwe njengezilwane ezisengozini njengoba yasungulwa yi-International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ngenxa yemililo elawulwayo eyenzeka engxenyeni enkulu yezindawo zayo. ukuze kusizwe ukukhula kwalezi zitshalo, kubangele ukuthi inqubekelaphambili yazo ihambe kancane, futhi inqume ukuthi ezinye izitshalo ezikwazi ukuguquguquka kangcono zathuthukiswa endaweni yazo.
Amasiko
Ukubaluleka kwesihlahla se-sequoia, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kuthethelele ukutshalwa kwaso kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, yingakho izihlahla ezinkulu zaziwa eYurophu, eCanada, e-Australia, eNew Zealand naseChile, phakathi kwezinye izindawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhulile, nakuba incane ngempumelelo, kwezinye izingxenye ze-United States. Ngaphambi kokuchaza kabanzi ngalesi sici, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lolu hlobo lwesihlahla lubonakala ngokukwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-zero degrees Celsius noma ukubanda isikhathi esifushane, inqobo nje uma inhlabathi ezungeze izimpande ifakwe iqhwa. ummbozo.
EYurophu
Umuthi omude kunawo wonke otholakala ngaphandle kwamazwe aseMelika uyisibonelo esatshalwa eduze kwase-Ribeauvillé e-France ngo-1856 futhi salinganiswa ngo-2014 endaweni yokuphakama kwamamitha angu-60 eminyakeni engu-160 ubudala. E-United Kingdom, isihlahla esikhulu se-sequoia saqala ukutshalwa ngo-1853 ngumlimi wasePerthshire uPatrick Matthew ngembewu eyathunyelwa yindodana yakhe evela esifundeni sase-US saseCalifornia. IVeitch Nursery eduze kwase-Exeter, yafika eNgilandi ngoDisemba 1853.
Lo mthwalo okukhulunywa ngawo wawumakethwa kulo lonke izwekazi elidala. Ukuthuthuka kwayo e-UK kuye kwashesha kakhulu, nesihlahla eside kunazo zonke e-Benmore eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeScotland safinyelela kumamitha angu-56,4 ngo-2014 sineminyaka engu-150 ubudala, kanye nezinye ezimbalwa ubude obungamamitha angu-50 kuya kwangu-53. okuqine kakhulu kungamamitha ayi-12 ukuzungeza kanye namamitha angu-4 ububanzi, ePerthshire. I-Royal Botanic Gardens e-Kew, eLondon nayo iqukethe isampula enkulu. E-Biddulph Grange Garden e-Staffordshire, uneqoqo elihle le-Sequoiadendron giganteum ne-Coast Redwoods.
Ngokufanayo, eNgilandi kuyaziwa ukuthi kunesiza esinezihlahla ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezatshalwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili edlule eduze kwedolobha laseCamberley futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi lezi zihlahla zabelana ngezindawo zemvelo nezakhiwo. Njengolwazi olwengeziwe, ukuthuthukiswa okumaphakathi kwesifanekiso esivuthiwe ngokugcwele kungafinyelela kumamitha angama-22 ubude namasentimitha angama-88 ububanzi besiqu eminyakeni eyi-17. Enyakatho yezwekazi, ukukhula kwayo kuncane kakhulu, ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibandayo.
E-Denmark, isihlahla eside kunazo zonke sasingamafidi angu-115 ubude namamitha angu-5,6 ububanzi ngo-1976 futhi siside namuhla. E-Poland, kuthiwa isihlahla sikwazile ukusinda emazingeni okushisa angama-37 degrees Celsius kanye nongqimba oluwugqinsi lweqhwa. Kusukela eJalimane lolu hlobo lwasungulwa ngo-1952 e-Sequoiafarm Kaldenkirchen. Futhi esifundeni saseSerbia, ukuba khona kwezihlahla ezingama-29, ezifinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama eBelgrade, kuyabonakala, futhi eCzech Republic esinye salezi zihlahla sikwazile ukufinyelela amamitha angama-44 futhi sitholakala engadini yaseRatměřice Castle.
ENyakatho Melika
I-Redwoods itshalwe ngobuningi kulo lonke elase-American West Coast nasezingxenyeni ze-American South, okubonisa ukuthandwa okubanzi kwalolu hlobo oluzuzwe. Ngokuqondile, kungashiwo ukuthi ukutshalwa kwalesi sitshalo kuningi entshonalanga ye-Oregon futhi kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBritish Columbia eCanada, ngamazinga amahle kakhulu okukhula. E-Washington nase-Oregon, kuvamile ukuthola ama-sequoia amakhulu atshalwe ngempumelelo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemaphandleni.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3xPmWZNYbtU
Ogwini olusempumalanga ye-United States, ukuthuthukiswa kwalezi zihlahla ezinkulu kuye kwaba kancane ngisho nakwezinye izindawo, futhi zivame ukungenwa izifo ezikhunta iCercospora neKabatina ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama ehlobo. Kunamarekhodi okuthi isihlahla esiseBlithewold Gardens eBristol, eRhode Island singamamitha angama-27 ubude, okucatshangwa ukuthi yinde kunazo zonke esifundazweni saseNew England. I-Taylor Memorial Arboretum eDelaware County, ePennsylvania ingamamitha angu-29 ubude, abanye abangayibheka njengende kunazo zonke eNyakatho-mpumalanga.
Ukwengeza, ukuba khona kwamasimu amakhulu emapaki ahlukahlukene adumile kungagqanyiswa, njengalezi: i-Arnold Arborium eBoston, iLongwood eDelaware, i-New Jersey Botanical Garden, phakathi kwezinye. Noma kunjalo, amasimu azimele angatholakala ogwini olusempumalanga yezwe, lapho aziwa kakhulu enhloko-dolobha yesizwe, esifundazweni saseColorado kanye nezinye izibonelo ezidumile eMichigan.
E-Australia
Endabeni yase-Australia, singathola iqoqo elikhulu lalezi zihlahla e-Ballarat Botanical Garden. Ezinye izindawo ongazibona zihlanganisa: I-Jubilee Park kanye ne-Hepburn Mineral Springs Reserve e-Daylesford, i-Cook Park e-Orange, i-NSW, kanye ne-Carisbrook's Deep Creek Park e-Victoria. Ihlathi lasePialligo Redwood lihlanganisa izihlahla ze-redwood ezingu-3.000, kwezingu-122.000 ezitshaliwe, amamitha angu-500 empumalanga ye-Canberra Airport. Ihlathi laklanywa umklami wasemadolobheni u-Walter Burley Griffin.
I-Canberra National Arboretum yakha ihlathi lalezi zitshalo ngo-2008. Nakuba zikhula futhi endaweni eshiywe e-Mount Banda Banda eNew South Wales. Esiqhingini saseTasmania, ungabona izihlahla ezingadini ezizimele nezikahulumeni, njengoba ama-sequoia amakhulu ayethandwa kakhulu phakathi kuka-1837-1901, okungukuthi, ngenkathi yama-Victorian. Inezibonelo ezimbalwa ezivuthiwe ze-redwood e-Westbury Village Green nezinye e-Deloraine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona iSequoiadendron giganteum kanye neSequoia sempervirens eTasmanian Arboretum.
E-Chile
Kuleli zwe, amahlathi aseningizimu ayenothiswe ngalolu hlobo lwesihlahla, njengoba kuwuhlobo olukhula kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezinomthunzi futhi luzala kahle, okuvumela ukwakheka kwamahlathi axutshwe nendawo engamahektha angaphezu kwenkulungwane, kusukela ekufakweni kwayo ezweni ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngaleyo ndlela kubonisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwezilwane lungasungulwa ngempumelelo, ngoba lungafinyelela ekukhuleni kwe-18 kuya ku-25 m3 / ha / ngonyaka, ngakho izinzuzo zemvelo zalezi zitshalo. ukunxephezela izikhathi ezinde zokulinda ukuze ufinyelele ekuvuthweni.
eNew Zealand
Izibonelo ezimbalwa zingatholakala eSouth Island yaseNew Zealand, lapho isitezi sezihlahla singabonakala epaki lomphakathi e-Picton, kanye nezindawo ezimbalwa eChristchurch naseQueenstown. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo engcono kakhulu yokubona amasimu alolu hlobo kuleli zwe i-Rotorua, lapho amahektha angaphezu kwayisithupha e-redwoods yaseCalifornia ayetshalwe ekuqaleni kwawo-1900 e-Redwood Memorial Grove, evikelekile ekugawulweni kwemithi. Lezi zihlahla zingatholakala eduze kweLake Rotokakahi nakwezinye izindawo ezihlukahlukene ehlathini.
I-Sequoia Tree Care
Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu ukuthola i-redwood emasimini angasese, futhi uma unayo, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokunakekela lolu hlobo lwesihlahla. Ngakho-ke, into yokuqala okufanele icacise indawo yaso, ngoba iyisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esithanda ukukhanya kwelanga, nakuba singagcinwa endaweni enomthunzi kancane. Kodwa khumbula, isihlahla esikhula sibe sikhulu ngakho-ke kungcono ukusigcina kude nezakhiwo ezinjengezindlu ezinezitezi eziningi, imigwaqo yaseceleni namapayipi.
Okuhle kakhulu kulezi zihlahla wukukhulela emhlabathini one-acidic kancane, entsha futhi ejulile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhle ukunisela ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Ngenkathi eshisa kakhulu, iniselwa izikhathi ezi-2-3 ngesonto, kanti unyaka wonke 1 noma 2 ukuchelela ngeviki. Ukusebenzisa kakhulu amanzi emvula noma amanzi angenawo umcako. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-organic kulula, okungcono entwasahlobo. Uma utshala ezitsheni, okuhle ukusebenzisa lezo eziwuketshezi ngoba zisiza ukuhamba kwamanzi.
Utility
Izinkuni zezibonelo ezikhulile zimelana kakhulu nokubola, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi zinezintambo futhi ziyaphuka, ngokuvamile azifaneleki ukwakhiwa. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-1924 neminyaka engu-XNUMX yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX, ukugawulwa kwemithi kuye kwagawulwa emahlathini amaningi ukuze kusetshenziswe ezakhiweni ezihlukahlukene ezincane. Ibhizinisi lokugcina elikhulu ukuvunwa lavalwa ngo-XNUMX. Ngenxa yesisindo sazo nokuba buthaka, izihlahla zazivame ukuphuka lapho zishayeka phansi, zimoshe izinkuni eziningi.
Abagawuli bazama ukunqanda umonakalo ngokumba imisele bese beyigcwalisa ngamagatsha. Noma kunjalo, kulinganiselwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-50 kuphela ezinkuni afinyelela endaweni yokugaya esuka emahlathini. Ukhuni lwalusetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko kumathayela ophahla nezigxobo zocingo, ngisho nomentshisi. Izithombe zezihlahla ezinkulu, manje eziphukile futhi zishiywe emahlathini acwebile ngaphambili, kanye nomqondo wemidondoshiya ebekwe ezakhiweni ezingabalulekile, kwabangela ukukhala komphakathi okwaphumela ekubeni iningi lamahlathi agcinwe njengendawo evikelekile.
Namuhla, abantu bangavakashela isibonelo sokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngo-1880 eBig Stump Grove eduze kwaseGeneral Grant Grove. Ukwengeza, ezinye izihlahla ezingakavuthwa zafakwa eHlathini Likazwelonke lase-Sequoia ngeminyaka yawo-1980, ukwaziwa okwasiza ekudaleni Isikhumbuzo Sesizwe Se-Sequoia Esikhulu. Ukhuni lomuthi olungavuthiwe alunaboli kangako. Ukuhlolwa kwakamuva kwezithombo ezitshalwe epulazini kubonise ikhwalithi efanayo ne-Coast Redwood.
Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi, nakuba kuwuhlobo oluvikelwe, ezikhathini zamuva nje ukulinyelwa kwayo ngenjongo yokuhweba ngezinga elincane kuye kwakhuthazwa, uma kubhekwa amandla alezi zihlahla njengesitshalo ukukhulisa isivuno esikhulu kokubili eCalifornia nasezindaweni eziningana. amanye amazwe Amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu lapho angathuthukiswa khona ngokuyimpumelelo kune-redwoods yasogwini. Kanti, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-United States, ezinye izinkampani seziqalile ukutshala ama-sequoia amakhulu ezihlahla zikaKhisimusi.
Uma uthanda le ndatshana ngeSihlahla Sequoia futhi ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezinye izihloko ezithakazelisayo, ungabheka izixhumanisi ezilandelayo: