El insimbi yokuhlinzwa Kube yindinganiso kule minyaka embalwa edlule, umkhuba osuphawuleka futhi ufiswa, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni ohlonishwayo wobucwebe nemithi. Konke lokhu ngezici zayo njengempahla: ukumelana, ukuguquguquka nokunye okuningi, ungaphuthelwa.
Iyini Insimbi Yokuhlinza?
Ibonakala ngokuyinhloko ngokuba into eyingxenye yomndeni wama-alloys ensimbi amelana nokugqwala; Okuqukethwe kwe-chromium okunikeza lolu hlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo indawo yokudala ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe-passive, olunamathela phezulu futhi luzivale ngokwalo uma luthinteka, luvimbele ukuthi lungonakali.
Ikakhulukazi insimbi iyingxubevange yensimbi enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungaba phakathi kuka-0,03 no-1,075%, iphesenti elisungulwe ngokwebanga ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi insimbi ayifani nensimbi, ngakho-ke, kokubili izinto ezisetshenziswayo akufanele kudidaniswe: Okusho ukuthi, insimbi iyinsimbi eqinile ngokusesilinganisweni, enezici zayo ezifana nezinga lokushisa elincibilikayo kanye nephuzu elibilayo.
Insimbi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, igcina izimfanelo zensimbi zensimbi ehlanzekile, kodwa ukufakwa kwekhabhoni nezinye izingxenye, kokubili i-metallic ne-non-metallic, kwandisa izakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali futhi, ikakhulukazi, ukumelana kwayo.
Ama-propiedades
Kuwuhlobo lwensimbi, olusetshenziswa kakhulu ezinkambisweni ezahlukene zomtholampilo noma zezokwelapha, ezakha ukwakheka kwezinsimbi zokuhlinza, ngamathuluzi anjengalawa: i-scalpel, ama-tweezers, isikele, phakathi kokunye. Lolu hlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo lukhethwa ngenxa yezakhiwo zalo, ezivimbela abantu abaningi ekuthuthukiseni ukungezwani komzimba ekuthinteni kwabo.
Ibuye isetshenziselwe amadivaysi amathambo, njengoba isebenza kahle kakhulu ukuvuselela amathambo futhi ibuye isetshenziswe njengengxenye yesakhiwo kuma-valve enhliziyo yokwenziwa nezinye izinhlobo zokufakelwa kwensimbi, okudingekayo ekuhlinzeni okubalulekile.
Ngokufanayo, inezimfanelo ezithile ezikhethwayo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto, futhi okungukuthi insimbi yokuhlinzwa, ngaphezu kokuba nensimbi yendabuko ne-chrome alloys, ine-molybdenum, okuyisici samakhemikhali esinikeza ubulukhuni obudingekayo, ukuyivimbela. kusuka ekugqweni nasekuyivumeleni ukuthi ibulawe inzalo kalula.
Ukwakheka
Ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana ensimbi yokuhlinzwa kuqukethe ingxubevange ye-chromium (isilinganiso esingu-12% -20%), kanye ne-molybdenum (isilinganiso esingu-0,2% -3%) ne-nickel (i-0,2% -3%). Ngokwesakhiwo, iyi-chromium enikeza insimbi ukumelana kwayo nokuguga nokugqwala.
Ukwengeza, i-nickel yenza insimbi ibe nesiphetho esihle, esiphucuziwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-molybdenum emishini yokuhlinza inikeza ubulukhuni obuphezulu futhi iqinisekisa ukucijile. Ukuze insimbi ihlukaniswe njengeyokuhlinzwa, ingxubevange kufanele ibe ne-chromium okungenani engu-10,5%.
Izici Zensimbi Yokuhlinza
Izici zensimbi yokuhlinzwa, ikakhulukazi ukubekezelela ukugqwala, ingxenye yayo yobuhle kanye nezici zayo zemishini, ikwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene. Lezi zimfanelo zifinyelelwa ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu okukhiqizwa lapho kusetshenziswa lolu hlobo lwensimbi.
Uma ukhetha ibanga kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukuguquguquka, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuhambisana nezindinganiso, izidingo, imininingwane yokuqedela, phakathi kwabanye.
Izici ezenza insimbi yokuhlinza ibe inketho yokuqala emisebenzini ehlukene ibalulwe ngezansi:
- Isici sayo esiyinhloko ukubekezelelana kwayo okuphezulu nokugqoka nokugqwala.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayibangeli i-hypersensitivity noma izimpendulo ze-allergies, okwenza kube yigugu kakhulu ezinkambisweni ezimweni zezokwelapha nezokuhlinzwa.
- Endabeni yezitsha zensimbi yokuhlinzwa namapani, ukungcoliswa kokudla ngama-ion ensimbi kuyagwenywa.
- Insimbi yokuhlinza ayikhiphi ubuthi, ngisho nalapho ivezwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
- Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo kanye nokuba mahhadlahhadla okuphansi, ama-agent angaphandle awanamatheli kukho, ngakho-ke kulula ngempela ukuyibulala amagciwane kanye nokubulala amagciwane ngakho-ke kuyakhethwa ngokukhethekile ukuhlinza.
- Insimbi yokuhlinza ayidingi ama-alloys nezinye izinsimbi ukuze iqiniswe.
- Umbala wobuso bayo ungashintshwa.
- Ukuqedwa okuhlukahlukene komhlaba kungafinyelelwa, njenge-satin noma ukuklwejwa.
- Insimbi yokuhlinza imelana kakhulu nokushaqeka, isakhiwo sayo sisebenzisa amandla amaningi ezimeni zomthelela.
- Iyakwazi ukugaywa kabusha futhi kubiza kakhulu, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwe-chrome ne-nickel; Ngaphezu kokusetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwe Izintelezi.
Ukusetshenziswa kanye nezicelo
Insimbi yokuhlinza iya ngokuya ivama kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimboni, okuhlanganisa ezemithi, imithi, ezokukhiqiza, imboni yezimoto, nobucwebe. Lokhu, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziningi kanye nezinzuzo, ezihlanganisa ukumelana nokuwohloka nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kunezinzuzo ezihlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwale nto, phakathi kwazo kukhona:
- Insimbi yokuhlinza ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho kudingeka khona izinto ezihlanzekile neziyinyumba, njengalezi: izinsimbi zokuhlinza namazinyo, kanye nezifakelo, ngenxa yokulula kwayo ukuhlanza nokugqwala okuphansi.
- Izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, njengamapayipi okukhipha umoya, ama-grill, kanye ne-trim, zenziwe ngale nto embonini yezimoto; ububanzi bayo buye basetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye zesakhiwo semoto.
- Ibuye ibe yinto esemqoka embonini yezokwakha, uma kubhekwa amandla ayo kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni zokusebenza, kanye nangaphandle kwezakhiwo ezithile.
- Ngaphakathi kwemboni yasekhishini, iyimpahla ekahle yokwenza izitsha nezinto zokusika; Izinto ezinjengamathispuni, izimfoloko, nemimese zenziwe ngamabanga amancane ensimbi yokuhlinza, kuyilapho izitofu nosinki kwenziwa nezinye izinhlobo zamapayipi amaningi.
Ngamafuphi, insimbi yokuhlinzwa, ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo eziningi nezici, iwumkhiqizo owusizo kakhulu, okwenza kube umngane obalulekile emikhakheni eminingi. Ngaphezu kokuba yinto ekahle yokwenziwa kobucwebe, okungahlotshiswa ngobuhle ngetshe. I-Black Tourmaline.
Izinzuzo
Inzuzo enkulu yokusebenzisa insimbi yokuhlinzwa inamandla okugcina isakhiwo sayo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila kwayo okuwusizo, ngakho-ke ukuqeda ngeke kubi.
Inhlanzeko nayo ingesinye isici esihle, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokwelapha, njengoba inohlelo olukwazi ukuvimbela amabhaktheriya, uthuli namanye ama-agent angaphandle ukuthi anamathele phezulu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lapho uphatha insimbi yokuhlinza, izinto eziqhumayo noma iyiphi i-ejenti ene-chlorine ephezulu kufanele igwenywe.
