La inqubomgomo yezimali Imele noma yiliphi izwe ukulawula kanye nendlela yokuqongelela imali ukuze isetshenziswe kuzinqubomgomo zomphakathi. Funda okwengeziwe ngalesi sihloko ngokufunda isihloko esilandelayo.
Inqubomgomo yezimali
Umsebenzi wezomnotho wezwe unqunywa inqubomgomo yezimali. Kuyinqubo lapho amazwe esebenzisa izindlela ezithile ukuze aqongelele izimali futhi azisebenzise ekusetshenzisweni kwemali yomphakathi. Umqondo uwukusebenzisa ezinqubweni ezihlukahlukene ezisiza ukufeza izinjongo zokuthuthukiswa komphakathi nezomnotho.
Umkhakha kahulumeni udinga ukuqongelela izimali ukuze kuqaliswe izinqubomgomo zezenhlalakahle nezomnotho. Izimeya, imikhandlu yamadolobha, ohulumeni, izingqongqoshe kanye nazo zonke izinhlaka ezihlobene nombuso kumele zibe nezinqubomgomo zezimali ezibasiza ukuthi bagcine ukukhiqiza nokukhula emkhakheni ngamunye wezwe.
Inqubomgomo yezimali ivumela isizwe ukuthi sikwazi ukwenza izinqubo kanye nokuphatha izimali ezingenza, phakathi kokunye, ukusheshisa ukukhula komnotho; okunqunywa ukulawulwa nokuqondisa kwazo zonke izinqubo ezikhiqizayo zomphakathi.
Ngokunjalo, sungula izilawuli zentengo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezithile lapho zikwazi khona ukugcina izinga eliphezulu, ithuba lapho inani labantu lingathola khona izimpahla nezinsizakalo eziphumelelayo. Inqubomgomo yezimali namuhla isiyithuluzi elidingeka kakhulu lokugcina izinqubomgomo zanoma yimuphi umbuso zisebenza kahle.
Izwe ngalinye kufanele liklame inqubomgomo ethile yezimali ngokucabangela izimo zalo zomnotho. Ngakho inqubomgomo yezimali yezwe elinjengeMexico izohluka kakhulu kuleyo engasetshenziswa eVenezuela. Ngakho umnotho unokufana okuthile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo yezimali kufanele kucabangele izici ezingase zidale ukungakhululeki noma ukwaneliseka kubantu. Isigungu esiphezulu senza izifundo zokuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo yezimali, okumele iqondiswe enhlalakahleni nasekuthuthukisweni komnotho wombuso.
Inqubomgomo yezezimali e-Mexico
Eminyakeni yamuva, inqubomgomo yezimali kulelo zwe iye yaba nezinguquko ezibalulekile. Ngezinga elifanayo izinguquko zezombangazwe ebezilokhu zithuthuka, izici zezenhlalo ziye zaba nengxenye enkulu ezinguqukweni zezombangazwe. Izinyathelo zezimali zishintshe kakhulu esikhathini esiyiminyaka emihlanu.
Kungakho umthelela wezepolitiki unquma inqubomgomo yezimali. Izinyathelo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwemali yomphakathi zisunguliwe okwamanje. Ngakho-ke ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kube yikona okushayeke kakhulu ngezinyathelo ezisetshenziswe eminyakeni yamuva nje.
Uhulumeni wobumbano usebenzisa i-SHCP, Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (SHCP), uthuthukise uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zezimali ukuze kutholakale ukulingana kwezomnotho okungaphazamisi noma yimuphi umkhakha. Sikumema ukuthi ufunde isihloko esilandelayo esihlobene nezinkampani zikahulumeni nezizimele. I Ukukhiqiza.
La inqubomgomo yentela ku I-México igxile ekwandiseni isisekelo sabakhokhintela ukuze izinqubo zokuqoqwa kanye nezinhlelo zisebenze kahle. Ukuqoqwa kunyukile futhi kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukunciphisa ukuncika emalini engenayo kawoyela.
Izibalo zikhombisa ukukhula ngo-0,7% we-GDP kule minyaka emibili edlule. Izindleko ziqondiswe ezinsizeni zikahulumeni, okube yinqubomgomo yenhlalo eguquguqukayo uma iqhathaniswa naleyo eyaqalwa eminyakeni edlule. Indlela yezenhlalakahle yashintsha amaphethini ezomnotho futhi ivumela ukuqondisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali komphakathi ezinhlelweni zomphakathi.
Kuze kube manje izibalo zokukhula zivuma kodwa akwaziwa ukuthi kuzoqhubeka isikhathi esingakanani. Izinsiza ziqondiswe kwezinye izindawo ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo entsha yezimali. Isikhathi kuphela esinganquma ukuthi iziqinisi zomnotho ezizenzakalelayo zizodinga ukufakwa ukuze kwenziwe izilungiso ezidingekayo.
Izinhlobo zenqubomgomo yezimali
Inqubomgomo yezimali isetshenziswa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zezomnotho zedolobha ngalinye laseMexico. Kungakho kubalulekile ukwazi izinhlobo zenqubomgomo yezimali ekhona nesebenzayo ngokuya ngezindawo zesifunda ngasinye sase-Mexico. Uma siya ezindleleni zethiyori, sizothola izindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa inqubomgomo yezimali, kodwa empeleni kunezindlela ezimbili zokuzisungula.
Umehluko usekelwe endleleni izintela ezincishiswa ngayo noma ezikhushulwe ngayo. Isibonelo, eMexico City DF, izindlela zezimali zisetshenziswa ezihluke ngokuphelele kulezo ezingasetshenziswa eJalisco, ukusho idolobha. Sincoma ukuthi ufunde isihloko esilandelayo esihlobene ne izinhlobo zemakethe
Kodwa-ke, ukwenyuka kwezintela kanye nokwehliswa kwezindleko zomphakathi akulona isu likamongameli wamanje waseMexico. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukungenzi lokhu kungaholela ezingxabanweni zomphakathi futhi abeke eceleni izethembiso ngesikhathi ekhankasela isikhundla sikamengameli. Yingakho lezi zinhlobo zenqubomgomo yezimali ziye zaziswa eminyakeni yamuva nje.
kakhulu
Lolu hlobo lwenqubomgomo yezimali luqukethe ukukhushulwa kwezindleko zomphakathi, okungenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswayo e-Mexico ngemva kokufika kukaMongameli u-López Obrador. Kube sekufunwa ukwehlisa izintela, imali engenayo inyuke kubathengi kanjalo nasezinkampanini. Endabeni yaseMexico, lezi zinqubomgomo bezilokhu ziletha imiphumela emihle.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhuphula isidingo esiphelele nesihlanganisiwe sezimpahla nezinsizakalo, okuholela ekukhuleni kokukhiqizwa, ukuqashwa kanye nokuzinza kwentengo.
Inqande
Ngokuphambene nalokho okushiwo ngenhla, lolu hlobo lwenqubomgomo yezimali luvumela izintela ukuba zinyuswe futhi ukusetshenziswa kwemali komphakathi kwehliswe. Imiphumela eqondile ihlobene nokwehla kwemali engenayo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwehla kanye nokugeleza kwemali akushintshile.
Kodwa-ke, akukholakali ukuthi lolu hlobo lwenqubomgomo yezimali lufaneleka kakhulu kunqubomgomo yamanje yezomnotho yaseMexico. ukuze ukusetshenziswa kunciphe futhi izinkampani zivame ukunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali. Imiphumela eqondile ekusetshenzisweni kwalolu hlobo lwenqubomgomo yezimali izoba semakhoneni
izinqubomgomo zokuzikhethela
UMbuso WaseMexico uvame ukufuna indlela yokungenelela ngokuqondile emnothweni kawoyela ukuze ube nomthelela emalini engenayo yomphakathi nasekusetshenzisweni kwemali. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa lokho okubizwa ngezinqubomgomo zezezimali zokuzibonela. Ziyizindlela ezingalawulwa ezifuna ukugcina isigqi somnotho esizinzile, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zobunzima.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hO7w_84ztqU
Lolu hlobo lwenqubomgomo lugcina imibandela esekelwe ekulungisweni kwezintela kanye nokukhokhwa koxhaso oluthile, olunganyuswa noma lwehliswe kuye ngezidingo. Ukuqashwa kungase kushintshe kuye ngezimo zezomnotho ezihlongozwe uMbuso.
Izinhlelo zemisebenzi yomphakathi zinyusiwe, okuvumela ezifundazweni eziningi zesifunda saseMexico ukuthi zikhiqize ngokuqondile imisebenzi kanye nokukhula okuthile ekukhiqizeni. Lokhu kuvumela ukunikeza amathuluzi okuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda. Nakuba benethemba elikhulu esikhathini esifushane, bagcina beyingozi esikhathini eside.
Imiphumela eseduze kakhulu yalolu hlobo lwenqubomgomo ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezengeziwe ukuxhasa ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Njengamanje iku-25%. Nakuba imigomo yenhlalakahle yabantu abahola impesheni nabathatha umhlalaphansi igcinwa injalo. Izinqubomgomo zokuzikhethela zinezinkinga zokuhlala kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yingakho ezinye izifundazwe zaseMexico zisebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yizinzisi zezomnotho.
Lezi yizinqubo zezimali ezisiza ukuzinzisa ukuqashwa, ukukhiqiza kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside. Ziphathwa ngokuhambisana nenqubomgomo yezimali yokuzikhethela, nakuba ingameleli indlela yomthelela engenza izilungiso zesikhashana, ivuselela ezinye izindlela zokuzikhethela kwezimali kwezinye izindawo.
Ukuzinzisa Imiphumela
Izinzinzisi ezizenzakalelayo zifeza indima yokulinganisa amaphutha omnotho. Emazweni afana neMexico lapho ukuguquguquka kwezomnotho kunamandla kakhulu, lolu hlobo lokulungiswa kufanele lusetshenziswe. Ukuqaliswa kwayo kuvumela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukusheshisa izinqubo zokuthengiselana okwenzeka phakathi kokunwetshwa kanye nokuwohloka komnotho.
Kodwa-ke, uma kubonakala ukuthi ukusheshisa komnotho kuyashesha kakhulu futhi imali engenayo kawoyela ibangela ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinyathelo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezenhlalakahle. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukukhula ngokushesha komnotho akulona uphawu oluhle lokusimama komnotho.
Izinqubo ezisetshenziswa njengezinzinzisi zisebenza ngokushintshana njengezinciphisi zejubane ezongayo futhi njengamandla okushayela. Okuthile umongameli waseMexico akwenzayo njengamanje. Kodwa-ke, izinyathelo zokulungisa kufanele zisetshenziswe lapho izibalo nezinqubo zomnotho zimiswa. Kodwa ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi lezo zinqubo ezeseka inqubomgomo yezimali.
intela elinganiselwe
Iqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo yentela esekelwe ezimpahleni nasezinsizeni. Imali engenayo ayinakwa futhi isetshenziswa ngendlela esetshenziswa kakhulu e-Mexico ebizwa ngokuthi i-VAT. Le ntela, njengoba sazi, iqondiswe ngqo kumthengi.
Funda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko ngokufunda isihloko esilandelayo esihlobene ne Amanani e-VAT
Izintela zokulandelana kwezikhathi
Izinyathelo zentela ezihlobene nokuzinzisa umnotho zifuna inqubomgomo yezimali ephusile. Bese kusetshenziswa izintela ezehlukene ezehla zinyuka kuye ngohlobo lwemali engenayo. Umthetho othi "Uma imali engenayo iphezulu, amaphesenti aphezulu" ube esesetshenziswa ngokuphambene ngokuvumelana nemibandela emiswe emithethweni nemithetho yesimo sezimali.
Ukwehliswa kwemali komphakathi
Zisetshenziswa njengezinyathelo zokuthola iminikelo ezinkampanini ezisekelwe ekuvikelekeni komphakathi kwabasebenzi. Zingaphakathi kwezinqubomgomo zokuphepha komphakathi ezisungulwe nguhulumeni njengezinyathelo zezimali. Izinyathelo zihlose ukuvikela isimo sokuqashwa kwazo zonke izikhulu zikahulumeni kanye nabasebenzi abazimele.
Izinzuzo zokungasebenzi
Imele elinye lamathuluzi ezimali abaluleke kakhulu aqhutshwa ezweni. Njengengxenye yohlelo lokuvikelwa komphakathi, umongameli wamanje waseMexico ufuna ukuvikela umsebenzi ngokusebenzisa ukuqaliswa kwezibonelelo zabasebenzi. Ikakhulukazi kubasebenzi abaxoshwe ezinkampanini ezizimele.
Kusetshenziswe iziqinisi zomnotho kwezepolitiki zaseMexico selokhu kwangena uLópez Obrador. Zisetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ikakhulukazi lapho umbuso ubheka ukuthi kunezici zokuqaliswa kwawo. Okungagcinanga ngokuvumela ukuthi zigcinwe unomphela, kodwa zibe yingxenye yenqubomgomo yezimali iminyaka ethile.
Emnothweni waseMexico basebenzisa izinqubo zezimali ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili kodwa ukugcina izinhlaka zangaphambilini, umphakathi namanje awazi ukuthi zizozuzisa izwe. Izinyathelo zokulungisa zingakhuphula amanani ezomnotho, nokho lolu hlobo lwenqubomgomo yezimali aluzange lube wusizo olukhulu kwamanye amazwe.
Ukwesaba okukhona kokuthi kuzonikezwa ukubaluleka okwengeziwe kunqubomgomo yezimali yohlobo lwezenhlalakahle futhi izinqubo ezikwazile ukugcina imali engenayo kawoyela kanye nenzuzo eguquguqukayo emazingeni okuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe zizoshiywa eceleni. Kuyindaba nje yesikhathi ukwazi ukuthi izinqubomgomo zamanje zikahulumeni waseMexico zingaletha inhlalakahle yenhlalonhle yezomnotho.