Ekuqaleni komlando, isayensi yezinkanyezi nolwazi mayelana nesimiso sonozungezilanga kwakusesekuseni kakhulu. Ngisho neminye imibono eyisisekelo mayelana noMhlaba yayingakafinyeleli kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Noma kunjalo, inkolelo-mbono ye-heliocentric ingavela, ngenxa yokungashintshi kwezibalo ezithile ezibalulekile zomlando.
Ngokuvela kwalo mkhuba omusha, izinganekwane eziningi noma izinkolelo ezingamanga mayelana nendawo yoMhlaba zabhidlika. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunenkolelo yokuthi iplanethi yomuntu yayiyinkaba yendawo yonke, kodwa leso sisekelo sabhidlika ngemva kokufika kukaCopernicus.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo esihlokweni sethu: 5 curiosities isikhala: Uzomangala!
Ukubheka okwedlule. Ithini ithiyori ye-heliocentric?
Ngesikhathi sekhulu le-XNUMX, intuthuko yamuva nje yesayensi yezinkanyezi nokuhlolwa kwamaplanethi yayiqhubeka ithuthuka. Ngaleso sikhathi, uNicolaus Copernicus, yashintsha yonke into eyayicatshangwa ngendawo yonke, eshicilela umsebenzi wakhe omusha.
Kuyo, kwabonakala izakhi eziyisisekelo nezisekelo zesayensi lapho inkolelo-mbono yakhe entsha isekelwe khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, incazelo yokuthi iyini ithiyori ye-heliocentric yasungulwa i-ipso facto, yashaqisa umphakathi wesayensi.
Kafushane, kuwumbono ophikisa iqiniso leplanethi emaphakathi enguMhlaba. Ekuqaleni, iplanethi yomuntu kwakukholelwa ukuthi iyi-eksisi emaphakathi yendawo yonke, okuzungezile kwakuzungezwe ilanga namanye amaplanethi.
Nokho, lapho kufundwa ukuthi ithini inkolelo-mbono ye-heliocentric, kutholakala ukuthi, empeleni, nguMhlaba ozungeza ilanga. Ukuzungeza kwayo kuthonywa yikho, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-365 ukuzungeza inkanyezi engumzali.
Umthombo: Google
Ngokulandelayo, lesi simo wathola ukuthi ilanga liphakathi nendawo yonke esikhundleni soMhlaba. Njengamanje, kuyaziwa ukuthi wayenganembile ngokuphelele, ngoba ilanga alinaso leso sihloko esiqondile.
Nokho, ngenxa yenkolelo-mbono ye-heliocentric, indlela yavulwa yesayensi yezinkanyezi yesimanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zifundo zaphelezelwa yizizukulwane ezizayo kanye namagalelo azo. Ubufakazi balokhu izifundo zikaJohannes Kepler kuma-elliptical orbits noma uWilliam Herschel nesibonakude sakhe esihle kakhulu.
Kungani kube nokungqubuzana phakathi kwethiyori ye-geocentric kanye ne-heliocentric?
Nakuba kungase kubonakale kungenakwenzeka, phakathi neminyaka edlule, izinkolelo zesayensi kanye nemibono kwakwamukelwa kancane. Lapho umuntu esesunguliwe, kwakunzima kakhulu ukuguqula umqondo womuntu mayelana nesisekelo ayesishumayela.
Phakathi kwe-geocentric kanye nethiyori ye-heliocentric, kube khona ukungqubuzana ikakhulukazi ngoba eyokuqala yasekela umhlaba omaphakathi nendawo yonke. Okusho ukuthi, uPtolemy, waveza ukuthi, nxazonke zoMhlaba, ilanga, inyanga, iVenus neMercury zajikeleza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokophenyo oluthile, akuyona nje i-geocentric theory eyasungula lelo qiniso. Kodwa, wasekela ngokuqinile ukuthi uMhlaba wawuyinkaba yendawo yonke, lapho yonke into yayidlula emzileni wayo.
Lo mbono wawusekelwe ekubhekweni njalo kwezinkanyezi nemilaza yazo. UPtolemy waphawula iqiniso lokuthi, uma uMhlaba uhamba, ukuma kwezinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni kungashintsha, ngakho-ke, imilaza.
Nokho, impikiswano phakathi kwethiyori ye-geocentric kanye ne-heliocentric yaqeda isimo sengqondo sikaCopernicus. Kwakungenye yezakhiwo ezabangela iRenaissance, isikhathi sesasasa lesayensi ngayo yonke indlela.
Njengoba izinkolo zazisekela ngokuqondile i-geocentrism, kwakunohlobo oluthile lokungqubuzana kwesayensi ngaleso sikhathi. Noma kunjalo, i-heliocentrism yanqoba, isekelwa izinto ezintsha ezitholwe abanye ososayensi kamuva. Noma kunjalo, imininingwane eminingana yashintshwa, kodwa okubalulekile ukuthi yasiza ukuqondisa indlela enhle yesayensi yezinkanyezi.
Ubani owafaka isandla kumbono we-heliocentric? Obaba bezinkanyezi!
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi uNicolaus Copernicus wangena embonweni we-heliocentric, Kwase kunezimpawu zayo. Okulandelayo, kuzozulwa kafushane mayelana nezinhlamvu ezibeke uhlamvu lwesihlabathi esivuna isayensi yezinkanyezi. Ngaphandle kwabo, empeleni bekungeke kwenzeke ukwazi ukuthi yini okwamanje okucatshangelwayo.
U-Aristarku waseSamo
IGreece yasendulo yabona ukuzalwa kwamaqhawe amakhulu abe yizingcezu zomlando eziyisisekelo. Phakathi kwabaningi, kwakukhona u-Aristarku waseSamose, omunye wezazi zezinkanyezi zokuqala ezinobufakazi balokho. Empilweni, wayeyi-ace kuzibalo nezibalo, okumsiza ukuthi athuthukise imibono efana ne-heliocentric.
Kunjalo, u-Aristarku waba ngowokuqala ukumemezela ukuzungeza komhlaba ilanga, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezisekelo nokusekelwa, yehlulekile. Akakwazanga ukuqinisekisa ngokugcwele umbono onjalo, ngakho ekugcineni walahlekelwa isithakazelo emphakathini wesayensi.
UGalileo Galilei
Ngaphezu kuka-Aristarku, ingxenye yethiyori ye-heliocentric, ukweleta udumo lwakhe ngophenyo nokuhlola kukaGalileo. Indoda ezinikele ngokuphelele kwisayensi, eshiseka ngokuphelele ngelukuluku nolwazi.
Ngenxa yokuthuthukisa kwakhe isibonakude, wathola izinto ezibalulekile zasemkhathini okwakungacatshangwa, kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, wasungula ubuso obuhlukahlukene noma izinhlangothi ezikhanyayo zenyanga, ephikisa umbono wokuthi yayiyinkanyezi ekhanyayo.
Umthombo: Google
Ngendlela efanayo, ephenya ngale kwemingcele yoMhlaba, wathola iSaturn, kodwa wayengazi ukuthi angacacisa kanjani ukubona kwakhe. Khona-ke, ngokubona izinyanga zikaJupiter, uGalileo wafinyelela isiphetho esithakazelisayo.
Uma iziphuphutheki ezinjalo zemvelo zizungeza isidalwa esinamandla amakhulu adonsela phansi, imodeli efanayo kufanele igxivizwe esimisoni sonozungezilanga. Ngakho, Galileo Wayekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi, njengoba inkanyezi engumzali ingamandla adonsela phansi anamandla, konke okunye kwakuzungeza umjikelezo wayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuzibophezela kwakhe okuthembekile ekuvukeleni kukaCopernicus kwazalwa.
UNicolaus Copernicus
Isazi sezinkanyezi sasePrussia sagqama ngesikhathi seRenaissance nge-postulation yethiyori ye-heliocentric. Wathatha izisekelo ezashiywa uGalileo futhi, ngaphandle kokuba nombono ngakho, wasebenzisa umqondo ka-Aristarku emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva.
UCopernicus wakubikezela lokho umhlaba wawuzungeza eksisini yawo futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, wakwenza ukuzungeza ilanga. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha wawisa phansi futhi waphikisa zonke izisekelo ze-geocentric theory, esebenzisa umbono omusha wendawo yonke kanye nesimiso sonozungezilanga sisonke. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe omuhle kakhulu, namuhla, isayensi yezinkanyezi isifinyelele lapho ikhona.