Uhlelo lwezomthetho lwaseSpain lubona izinhlobo ze-consortia njenge isitoko esihlanganyelwe kanye nenkampani elinganiselwe Bakha le ngqungquthela yamaqembu enza ukuphila kulesi sizwe, izici nezinqubo zabo zingatholakala kulesi sihloko.
Izinkampani ezinomkhawulo futhi ezinomkhawulo womabili ama-capitalist corporation
Ithini inkampani enomkhawulo futhi enomkhawulo?
La isitoko esihlanganyelwe kanye nenkampani elinganiselwe Inokufana okukhulu, njengoba zombili izinhlangano zingonxiwankulu, lapho ukubamba iqhaza kwezimali kubaluleke kakhulu kunezinhlobo zomuntu zozakwethu abafanayo.
Isici sale nhlangano ukuthi umgomo awuweli kubanikazi bamasheya kodwa uwela kumlawuli onguchwepheshe ophethe umsebenzi; Lo mlawuli onguchwepheshe nguye othatha ukuzibophezela, kuphela uchwepheshe onguchwepheshe hhayi njengomuntu onegunya umsebenzi wakhe ongavamile ukuwela kubalingani bakhe.
Kodwa ngumqondisi oqeqeshiwe owenza umsebenzi onjalo; ukumelwa komqondisi ochwepheshile yilowo othatha ukuzibophezela kochwepheshe kuphela futhi ongeyena amandla okugeleza kokukhiqiza.
Kulezi zinhlangano, imali eyinhloko idla iminikelo eqedwa abadali noma abayigunyazayo lapho begubha inkontileka yomphakathi, okungukuthi, ukukhiqizwa kwale mali kuyimfihlo ngokuphelele; Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi baya emalini yokonga yomphakathi ukuze benze inhloko-dolobha yokuqala noma bakwazi ukuyenyusa.
Ngokuphathelene ne- umehluko phakathi kwenkampani elinganiselwe nenkampani elinganiselwe, eyokuqala ibhekisela enkampanini evulekile lapho bonke abalingani bayo nabatshalizimali bengakwazi ukuthengisa ngokukhululekile noma ukudlulisa amasheya abo; kuyilapho okulinganiselwe kumahhala kuphela lapho umuntu othengayo engumngane womshado, umngane wakhe womshado noma inzalo yomuntu othengisayo.
Izici zenkampani yomphakathi elinganiselwe
Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko neziyisisekelo zebhizinisi, okulandelayo kungagqanyiswa:
- Inhlangano yakha uhlobo lwe-capitalist oluqinile lapho imali enkulu iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yemininingwane yayo, yifomu lokwahlulela elilungela kangcono izidingo zamafemu amakhulu.
- Inombolo yabalingani bomthethosisekelo wayo ingaba oyedwa noma ngaphezulu, futhi kokubili abantu ngabanye kanye nabantu ngabanye kusemthethweni, ngesikhathi esifanayo nasesimweni sama-SL, lapho kunomlingani oyedwa kuphela abizwa ngokuthi ama-sole proprietorships.
- Isici sokubika lapho evumelana ne-SL ukuthi ukuzibophezela kozakwethu kukhawulelwe emalini enikelwe kuphela.
- Isabelomali esincane semvelo singama-euro angama-60.000, le nhlokodolobha ihlukaniswe ngokuzivocavoca okuqokwayo noma kushaja, lolu hlobo lwe-consortium lungakhiwa ngesisekelo esivumelanayo, yonke imisebenzi inikelwe ngesikhathi sokudala noma iqhubeka, izenzo ziyanikelwa. ngokulandelana.
- Ikhephithali kumele ibhaliswe ngokugcwele futhi inikelwe okungenani ngama-25% ngesikhathi sohlobo lwenkampani, amanani afakwa ngokulandelayo njengoba kuxoxiwe ngawo ayinzalo yokungenzi lutho.
- Igama lenkampani lizosungulwa ngesiteketiso esikhethelwe umfelandawonye kulandelwe inkampani elinganiselwe yomphakathi noma isifinyezo sayo esithi “SA”.
- Lo mphakathi unikezelwe yi-Lien of Companies.
Izici Zenkampani Elinganiselwe
Phakathi kwezici eziyinhloko neziyisisekelo zenkampani enomkhawulo, okulandelayo kungagqanyiswa:
- Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa lolu hlobo lwezinkampani, ubuncane bozakwethu oyedwa buyisibopho, nakuba zingaba ngaphezu koyedwa, uma zakhiwe ngomunye kuphela zibizwa ngokuthi izinkampani ezinomkhawulo welungu elilodwa, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umlingani angaba. into ephathekayo noma engokomthetho .
- Ukuzibophezela kwabanikazi bamasheya, njengoba negama lenkampani lisho, kunqunyelwe emalini enikelwe, okusho ukuthi kukhombisa kuphela izikweletu zikamazisi wemali etshaliwe.
- Ikhephithali ihlukaniswe yaba ukungenelela okuyizingxenye ezilinganayo nezingahlukaniseki zekhephithali yenhlangano yezikweletu ezinomkhawulo futhi ezingakwazi ukufakwa ezihlokweni okungaxoxiswana ngazo; ngokufanayo, ukudluliswa kwayo kukhawulelwe ngoba ayimahhala futhi amasheya awakwazi ukuqokwa.
- Imali encane yomthetho wayo kufanele ibe ngama-euro angu-3.000, isibalo okufanele sibhaliswe ngokugcwele futhi sikhokhelwe ngesikhathi somthethosisekelo wenkampani, okusho ukuthi ayamukeli inzalo engenzi lutho, okungukuthi, ukuhoxiswa kwe-posteriori.
- Igama lenkampani le-SL lakhiwe igama, lilandelwa yi-limited Company, Limited Liability Company”, noma isifinyezo sayo esithi “SL” noma “SRL”.
- Ezimweni lapho kufiswa khona ukukhishwa kokudluliselwa kokubambisana komphakathi, abaqondisi kumele baziswe ngenhloso yokuletha, kanye nenani lokubambisana okufanele lidluliselwe, ubunikazi bomthengi kanye nenani elivunyelwene; naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abanye ababambisene nabo banelungelo elikhulu lokuthola, ngokuhlanganyela, wathi isabelo kufanele senziwa kumbhalo womphakathi.
- Le nkampani inikela ngentela Yezinkampani.
Izinqubo zokusungula inkampani enomkhawulo futhi enomkhawulo
Ukuze ulawule izinqubo futhi ukwazi ukumisa inkampani enomkhawulo, lezi zidingo ezilandelayo kufanele zigcwaliswe.
- Isicelo sesihloko segama lenkampani (isitifiketi esinegethivu segama)
- I-akhawunti yasebhange iqala
- Ukulotshwa kwemithethonqubo kanye nokusayinwa kwedokhumenti yomthethosisekelo
- Ukukhokhwa kwentela yokudluliswa kwezakhiwo
- Ukubhalisa kurejista yezohwebo
- Isicelo se-CIF, isimemezelo sokubalwa kwabantu kanye nentela emisebenzini yezomnotho
- Ukubhaliswa kuhlelo lokuzisebenza kanye nabalingani abajwayelekile kanye nabasebenzi
- Isicelo sencwadi yesivakashi
Isitifiketi segama elibi
Kuwuphawu olugunyaza ukuthi igama mbumbulu eliqokelwe inkampani alihambisani nelinye elikhona, imibhalo ezokwethulwa ukuze kucutshungulwe lesi senzakalo esisemthethweni namagama akhethelwe ukungeqi kwabayisihlanu ngokulandelana kokuthandwa.
Ukuba semthethweni kwegama elivunyelwe yizinyanga ezi-3 ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko ze-Royal Decree 158/2008; lapho lesi sikhathi sesidlulile, kufanele kuhlelwe kabusha, lapho kungadluli izinyanga eziyisi-6, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuzobe sekwehlile ngokuphelele.
Ukuvula i-akhawunti yasebhange
Uma usuvele uneziqu zehlelo, kufanele uye esikhungweni samabhange ukuze uvule i-akhawunti ehamba egameni lenkampani yokuhlanganiswa, lapho kufanele unikele ngemali encane esungulwe ukuqala inkampani ehambelana ne-3.000 Euros, ehambisana nomkhawulo. izinkampani kanye nama-Euro angu-6.000 ezinkampanini ezilinganiselwe zomphakathi.
Inkokhelo yenhlangano kufanele okungenani ibe ngama-25% walokho okusungulwe esivumelwaneni sebhizinisi, kuyilapho inkampani enomkhawulo kufanele ikhokhe inani eliphelele elimisiwe. Ibhizinisi lasebhange kuzoba yibhizinisi lezezimali nelenhlangano elizoletha imininingwane okufanele iphathwe phambi kommeli olungisa izivumelwano; enye imali yenkampani kufanele ikhokhwe kancane kancane.
Ukucaciswa kwemithetho
Imithetho yizinyathelo ezizophathwa emphakathini; igama, inhloso yebhizinisi, isitokwe esikhulu, ihhovisi elibhalisiwe, isimiso sokubamba iqhaza kozakwethu ngamunye, phakathi kokunye. Kuyadingeka ukubeka uchwepheshe wezomthetho wezezimali ukuze azilobe noma azihlobanise nehhovisi le-notary.
Kumelwe uye ehhovisi likammeli ukuze ukwazi ukusayina idokhumenti yomthetho wenkampani, kuyinqubo ebiza kakhulu kodwa ngaphandle kwalo mbhalo akunakwenzeka ukubhalisa inkampani ku-Mercantile Registry. Ngalokhu kukhuthala, kufanele kwethulwe isitifiketi sasebhange, indawo yokubhalisa ezentengiselwano, imithetho yedolobha kanye nomazisi babanikazi bamasheya ngamunye.
Ukubhalisa kurejista yezohwebo
Inkampani ye-joint-stock kumele iboniswe ekubhaliseni phakathi nenyanga engu-1 kusukela ngemvume yethuluzi lokufakwa ngummeli olungisa izivumelwano, kanye nenkampani elinganiselwe phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-2; ukubhaliswa kwe-mercantile kuzoba okufanelekile kwendawo yokuhlala yomphakathi esungulwe emithethweni.
Mfundi othandekayo, uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezinqubo zokubhalisa ezentengiselwano ngesikhathi kuvulwa ibhizinisi, sikumema ngokufudumele ukuthi ufunde indatshana yethu ethi izidingo zokuvula ibhizinisi.