Unkulunkulu wasendulo wamaGreki wothando nobuhle, oxhunywe noVenus ngamaRoma. Igama lakhe lakhiwe yigama I-Aphros elihumusha ngokuthi igwebu, ihlobene nendaba yokuzalwa kwakhe, uHesiod ayilandisayo encwadini yakhe ethi Theogony. Funda konke mayelana inganekwane ye-aphrodite, ubunkulunkulu obuhle kunabo bonke bonkulunkulu bamaGreki!
Ukwazi inganekwane ka-Aphrodite
Izungezwe imfihlakalo, imvelaphi ye-Aphrodite ejabule iyimfihlakalo, izindaba zasendulo zibonisa ukuthi wazalwa ngegwebu elimhlophe elikhiqizwe isitho sangasese sika-Uranus, lapho indodana yakhe uCronos ibaphonsa olwandle.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu u-Aphrodite wayebhekwa njengonkulunkulu wasolwandle nomvikeli wamatilosi, owacelwa amatilosi ukuba ahambe kahle. Kodwa futhi wayehlonishwa futhi ehlonishwa njengonkulunkulu wempi, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni anesiko elide lamaqhawe njengeSparta, kanye neThebes, iCyprus nezinye izifunda zesizwe samaGreki.
Nokho, enganekwaneni ka-Aphrodite wayaziwa ngokuyinhloko njengonkulunkulukazi wothando nenzalo futhi ngezinye izikhathi wayengamele umshado. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezikhathini zasendulo izifebe zazibheka u-Aphrodite njengomsekeli wazo, ukukhulekela kwakhe kwasobala ngokuvamile kwakunesizotha futhi kunesihluku.
Ezinye izazi zikholelwa ukuthi inkolo yenganekwane ka-Aphrodite yafika eGrisi ivela eMpumalanga, njengoba izici zayo eziningi zisikhumbuza onkulunkulukazi basendulo baseMpumalanga Ephakathi u-Ishtar no-Astarte. Nakuba uHomer ambiza ngokuthi "Cypria" ngemuva kwalesi siqhingi esidume kakhulu ngehlelo lakhe, sase sivele senziwa isiGreki ngesikhathi sikaHomer futhi ngokwemibhalo yakhe wayeyindodakazi kaZeus noDione, umngane wakhe eDodona.
Encwadini ethi VIII ye-Odyssey, u-Aphrodite wayengezwani noHephaestus, unkulunkulu ongumkhandi wensimbi okhubazekile, futhi ngenxa yalokho wachitha isikhathi sakhe nonkulunkulu omuhle wempi, u-Ares. Ngenxa yalezi zothando ezishisayo, waba unina kaHarmonia, amawele angamaqhawe uPhobos noDeimos, kanye no-Eros, unkulunkulu wothando.
Kubathandi bemvelo efayo, okubaluleke kakhulu enganekwaneni ka-Aphrodite kwakungumalusi u-Anchises waseTroy, owazala u-Aeneas, kanye nensizwa enhle u-Adonis, owabulawa yingulube ngenkathi ezingela.
Abesifazane bakhala ngakho emkhosini ka-Adonia, uhlobo lokukhulekela kuka-Adonis olwalunezici zezwe elingaphansi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lo nkulunkulukazi ojabulayo wayehlobene nabafileyo baseDelphi.
Izikhungo eziyinhloko zehlelo lenganekwane ka-Aphrodite zazisePafo nase-Amathus, eKhupro nasesiqhingini saseCythera, ikoloni lamaMinoan, lapho mhlawumbe inkolo yakhe yaqala khona ngezikhathi zangaphambi komlando. Ezweni elikhulu lamaGreki, iKorinte yayiyisikhungo esiyinhloko sokukhulekela kwawo. Ubudlelwane bakhe obuseduze no-Eros, abakwaGrace, kanye nabakwaHorae bagcizelela indima yakhe njengomgqugquzeli wokuzala.
Wahlonishwa imbongi yaseRoma uLucretius njengoGenetrix, into yokudala yomhlaba, futhi izingcaphuno zakhe u-Ourania (Umhlali Wasezulwini) kanye noPandemos (Kubo bonke abantu) zasetshenziswa isazi sefilosofi uPlato ukubhekisela othandweni olungokwengqondo noluvamile.
Igama elithi Ourania libhekwa njengelihloniphekile futhi lalisetshenziselwa onkulunkulu abathile base-Asia, kuyilapho i-Pandemos ibhekisela esikhundleni akuso esifundeni sedolobha.
Enganekwaneni ka-Aphrodite kucacisiwe ukuthi phakathi kwezimpawu zakhe kwakukhona ijuba, ihalananda, i-swan kanye ne-myrtle. Izethulo zika-Aphrodite kwezobuciko zakuqala zamaGreki zihlala zimethula egqoke ingubo futhi akanazo izici ezimehlukanisayo kwabanye onkulunkulukazi.
Kodwa-ke, yaqala ukuthola ubuntu ezandleni zabaqophi abakhulu abangamaGreki bekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC. Mhlawumbe umfanekiso owaziwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izithombe zenganekwane ka-Aphrodite waqoshwa uPraxiteles, umuntu wesifazane wokuqala omkhulu, ongagqokile owagcina eseyisibonelo semisebenzi yobuciko yobuGreki efana neVenus de Milo wangekhulu lesibili leminyaka. c.
Ukuzalwa kwenganekwane ka-Aphrodite
UHomer noHesiod baxoxa izindaba ezimbili ezahlukene mayelana nemvelaphi yalobunkulunkulu emibhalweni yabo. Ngokwenganekwane yokuqala ka-Aphrodite, wayeyindodakazi kaZeus kanye no-Titaness Dione, ngaleyo ndlela emenza unkulunkulukazi wesizukulwane sesibili, njengama-Olympians amaningi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uHesiod ulandisa inganekwane ehluke ngokuphelele ka-Aphrodite, eyaziwa kangcono futhi ethandwa kakhulu, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube namuhla. Ngokusho kwakhe, u-Aphrodite wavuka emanzini, lapho izitho zangasese zika-Uranus ziphonswa olwandle ngomunye wenzalo yakhe, uCronus. Unkulunkulukazi wothando wavela egobolondweni le-scallop, esekhule ngokugcwele, enqunu, futhi emuhle ngaphezu kwanoma yini noma ubani owake wayibona ngaphambili noma kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Yazalelwaphi inganekwane ka-Aphrodite?
IPhaphos noma iPaphos, kulezi zinsuku iyidolobha eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeRiphabhulikhi yaseKhupro. Kodwa ezikhathini zasendulo iPhafu lalibuye libe igama lemizi emibili eyayingabanduleli bedolobha lanamuhla. Idolobha elidala kunawo wonke lalisePírgos (Kouklia) yanamuhla kanye neNew Paphos, eyayithathe indawo ye-Old Paphos noma iPalaepaphos ngezikhathi zamaRoma, yayiqhele ngamakhilomitha ayi-16 ukuya ngasentshonalanga. I-Paphos entsha ne-Ktima zakha i-Paphos yesimanje.
IPhaphos yasendulo, eyaqoqwa abanqobi bamaGreki ngesikhathi sikaMycenaean, kuthiwa kwakuyindawo edumile okwazalelwa kuyo inganekwane ka-Aphrodite, unkulunkulukazi ophuma egwebuni lolwandle, futhi eyayinethempeli elidumile lokudumisa lo nkulunkulukazi. olwandle.i-hellenic pantheon
Ngezikhathi zamaGreki, iPhafu yayingeyesibili ngemva kweSalami ngezinga nethonya ezifundeni zaseKhupro. Ubukhosi baseCinyrad babusa iPaphos kwaze kwaba yilapho benqotshwa okokugcina uPtolemy I waseGibhithe (294 BC). I-Old Paphos yehla ithonya ngemva kokuwa kweCinyradae, ukusungulwa kweNew Paphos, kanye nokunqotshwa kweKhupro ngamaRoma (58 BC), yagcina ishiywe ngemuva kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD.
INew Paphos, eyayiyidolobha eliyitheku lasePaphos Elidala, yaba inhloko-dolobha yokuphatha yaso sonke isiqhingi ngezikhathi zePtolemaic nezamaRoma. Idolobha lahlaselwa futhi lacekelwa phansi abahlaseli bamaSulumane ngonyaka ka-960 futhi idolobha lanamuhla laqala ukukhula kuphela ngemuva kokuphathwa kweBritish ngo-1878.
Ichweba, inkaba yempilo yedolobha, lathuthukiswa ngo-1908 kanye no-1959 kodwa lihlala lincane kakhulu ukuthi lingakwazi ukubhekana nokuhamba kwezimoto ezinkulu futhi ngenxa yalokho lisebenzela imikhumbi yokudoba yendawo kuphela.
Naphezu kobunzima bezomnotho obubangelwa ukuhlaliswa kwababaleki abangamaGreki baseCypriot abangaba ngu-5.000 ePaphos ngemva kokudliwa kweTurkey ngo-1974, ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka leli dolobha lase liyisikhungo sentuthuko eqinile yezomnotho, okuhlanganisa indawo yezimboni namahhotela ezivakashi, asebenzisa ithuba. yobuhle bayo bemvelo kanye nezinganekwane zayo ezicebile, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kunkulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite.
Ezokukhiqiza kuleli dolobha zihlanganisa amabhizinisi amancane akhiqiza izingubo zokugqoka, izicathulo, inyama esemathinini, iziphuzo namafutha emifino. Amaphuzu endawo athakazelisayo ahlanganisa Amasonto Obu-Orthodox, i-Djami Kebir Mosque, i-Paphos Castle, Amabhavu ama-Frankish kanye ne-Aphrodite Sanctuary.
Amagama neziqephu
Ekhonzwa ngokuyisisekelo yiwo wonke umuntu ezikhathini zasendulo, lobu bunkulunkulu obuzalwa olwandle, bubizwa ngamagama ahlukene emasikweni asendulo:
- IsiGreki: Aphrodite
- IsiRoman: Venus
- UmSumeri: Inanna
- IFenike: Astarte
- I-Etruscan: I-Turan
Ngaphezu kwamagama ahlukene atholwa yilo nkulunkulukazi wasendulo, wanikezwa izibongo ezihlukahlukene ezaziqokomisa ezinye zezimfanelo noma izici zakhe, njengalezi:
- ama-pandemos: kubo bonke abantu.
- U-Ourania: uthando lwasezulwini, oluphelele, olumsulwa.
- I-Genetrix: ubuciko bomhlaba
- Cypris: Inkosikazi yaseCyprus ngokuba nenkolo ejulile esiqhingini saseCyprus.
- Anadyomene: ezalwa yigwebu lolwandle.
- Cythera: Inkosikazi yaseCytherea noma ngubani owakhuleliswa kuleyo ndawo.
- I-Pafia: Isuka ePaphos.
- i-onenoply: kuhlonyiwe, igama elisetshenziswa e-Sparta
- I-Pelagia noma i-Pontia: umvikeli wabasolwandle.
- i-androphone: owabulala amadoda.
- basilis: Indlovukazi.
- I-Genetilis: ukubeletha.
- philopannyx: ubusuku bonke.
- Praxis: wesenzo socansi.
Abanye abashisekeli bokuziphatha bamaGreki bazama ukwenza umehluko phakathi kwama-Aphrodite amabili, bethi u-Aphrodite Pandemos ungunkulunkulukazi wesifiso, inkanuko kanye nenkanuko kanye no-Aphrodite Ourania, lowo wothando lukaplatonic. njengoba uPlato asivumela ukuba sibone kulesi siqeshana:
Sonke siyazi ukuthi akekho u-Aphrodite ngaphandle kothando. Endabeni-ke, ukuthi bekuyingqayizivele, bekuzoba noThando olulodwa kuphela, kodwa njengoba kubili, kuzomele kube khona uthando olubili. Futhi ungaphika kanjani ukuthi kukhona onkulunkulukazi ababili?
Omunye wabo wayengenanina futhi uyindodakazi ka-Uranus, esiyiqamba ngokuthi u-Urania; omunye uyindodakazi kaZeus noDione futhi simbiza ngokuthi uPandemus. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka futhi ukubiza kahle i-Love esebenzisana nale Pandemo yokugcina kanye nenye i-Uranium. (uPlato, Idili lika-181 BC)
Njengamanje siyazi ukuthi kwakungunkulunkulukazi oyedwa, inganekwane eyodwa ka-Aphrodite kodwa futhi waqanjwa ezinye izibongo eziphikisanayo nezivame ukuchaza isimo sothando esiyinkimbinkimbi nesingqubuzanayo: sithandwa sikamamatheka, unesihe futhi la lokho kuhlehlisa ukuguga, kodwa futhi ongamhloniphiyo, omnyama noma umbulali wabantu.
Ukumelwa kanye uphawu inganekwane Aphrodite
Uma u-Apollo emelela ukufaneleka komzimba wesilisa ophelele kumaGreki, inganekwane ka-Aphrodite ngokuqinisekile yayingumlingani wayo wesifazane ofaneleka kakhulu. Emuhle futhi ekhangayo, wayevame ukuvezwa enqunu, eyintombi elinganayo, efiseleka kakhulu futhi engenakufinyeleleka kuye.
Kwesinye isikhathi wayevezwa eceleni kuka-Eros kanye nezinye zezimfanelo nezimpawu zakhe eziyinhloko: ibhande lemilingo negobolondo, ijuba noma undlunkulu, ama-roses kanye ne-myrtle. Abaculi abaningi baye bazama ukuyidala kabusha emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, kuhlanganise nomdwebi oyinhloko uPraxiteles kanye nomdwebi u-Apelles, umsebenzi wakhe odumile owalahleka kudala.
I-Praxiteles yenza imodeli yesithombe esidumile sika-Aphrodite, ucezu olusekhona nanamuhla. Isithandwa sakhe nomnyuziyamu walesi siqeshana kwakunguPhryne, intokazi enhle engumGreki elindile, ebhekwa njengefiswa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.
Isithombe sika-Praxiteles sika-Aphrodite singesinye sezinqunu zabesifazane ezaziwa kakhulu emlandweni. U-Plato uthi lapho u-Aphrodite ebona lesi sithombe esiqoshiwe, wamangala, wabuza, ukuthi umqophi wawubonephi ngaphandle kwengubo.
U-Aphrodite wayengenabo ubuntwana, ngakho-ke uhlala evezwa njengomuntu omdala osemusha, osevele eseneminyaka yokushada, engenakuvinjelwa futhi efiselekayo, ngokuvamile engenazo izingubo.
ubuntu bukaNkulunkulu
Ungumfanekiso wobuhle obungenakulinganiswa, oboniswa yinganekwane ka-Aphrodite futhi, ekwazi lokhu, uyize, uguquguqukayo, uthukuthele futhi uyathinteka kakhulu, ucasulwa kalula futhi uyaziphindiselela. Nakuba eshadile, into engavamile konkulunkulu bamaGreki Pantheon, uvame ukungathembeki ngokusobala kumyeni wakhe.
Enganekwaneni ka-Aphrodite, uchazwa njengongayekethisi futhi oziphindiselela, abambalwa ababa nesibindi sokumelana namandla akhe futhi akazange abonise umusa kunoma yimuphi, ojwayelekile womlingiswa wakhe lapho ephonselwa inselelo. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Hippolytus wakhetha u-Arthemisi esikhundleni, u-Aphrodite wenza usingamama wakhe u-Phaedra wamthanda, okwaphumela ekufeni kwakhe bobabili noHippolytus.
Ngemva kokuba u-Aphrodite ethola ukuthi u-Eos unkulunkulukazi wokuntwela kokusa wayelele no-Ares, wamqalekisa ukuba ahlale othandweni ngokungajabulisi. UDiomedes iqhawe lamaGreki walimala unkulunkulukazi phakathi neMpi YeThrojani, wayesezobulala u-Aeneas futhi wahlasela unkulunkulukazi ngokwakhe edala umonakalo esihlakaleni sakhe.
U-Aphrodite wakhulula ngokushesha u-Aeneas, owasindiswa ngu-Apollo, omunye umvikeli wama-Olympian weTrojan. Kumelwe ukuba u-Diomedes wacabanga kangcono ngakho ngaphambi kokubekela u-Aphrodite inselele, ngoba unkulunkulu onolaka wenza umkamGreki, u-Aegiale, aqale ukulala nezitha zakhe.
Psyche ukwenziwa samuntu komphefumulo, ngabe udlule osizini olubi nakakhulu, njengokwehlela endaweni engaphansi. Kodwa, ngenhlanhla, u-Eros, umphindiseli ka-Aphrodite, wamthanda.
Uthando kanye nokuzidela kuka-Aphrodite
U-Aphrodite ongusomandla, ungunkulunkulukazi ongakwazi ngisho nokumelana nonkulunkulu, owaziwa njengesithandwa esingalawuleki nobuhle obungaphezu kwemvelo, indodakazi ka-Uranus inohlu lwezothando ezisemthethweni nezingekho emthethweni okufanele wazi:
Aphrodite kanye nonkulunkulu bamaGreki
Inganekwane ka-Aphrodite ibonisa ukuthi ubuhle bakhe benza abaningi bama-Olympian balahlekelwa izingqondo zabo, ababefuna kakhulu ukufaneleka ubuhle obungafi bowesifazane, owayengakaze abe phakathi kwezinhlelo zakhe zokwethembeka kunoma ubani. Ezinye zezothando ezaziwa kakhulu zikankulunkulu zihlanganisa:
U-Aphrodite noHephaestus
U-Aphrodite wayemuhle kangangokuthi kwakungonkulunkulukazi abathathu abayizintombi kuphela, u-Arthemisi, u-Athena, noHestia, ababegonywe izintelezi namandla akhe. Ngokungamangalisi, lapho efika e-Olympus, ngamabomu noma ngokungenhloso wenza umonakalo kwabanye onkulunkulu, ngamunye wabo owayefuna ukuthi kube ngowakhe.
Ukuze avimbele lokhu, uZeus washesha ukumshada noHephaestus, omubi kunabo bonke kuma-Olympians. Into equkethe ukuphazamiseka isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ngoba nje u-Aphrodite wayengenakho phakathi kwezinhlelo zakhe zokwethembeka kumlingani wakhe.
U-Aphrodite no-Ares
Nakuba ayephoqwe ukuba ashade, unkulunkulukazi wayenamawala futhi enentshiseko, ngakho ukwethembeka kwakungesona isitayela sakhe. Ngakho-ke, waqala ukuthandana nomuntu owayecekela phansi futhi onobudlova njengaye: Ares.
U-Helio, nokho, wababona futhi wazisa uHephaestus. Lona, abanye onkulunkulu ababembona njengonkulunkulu wezimpondo, waqiniseka ukuthi uklama inetha elihle lensimbi, elalicupha laba ababili ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho belele ndawonye embhedeni. Ukuze anezele inhlamba ekulimaleni, uHephaestus wacela bonke abanye onkulunkulu ukuba bahleke iziphingi futhi bazikhulule ngemva kokuba uPoseidon evumile ukukhokhela ukukhululwa kwazo.
Kodwa lokhu akuzange kumenze alahle ithemba, inganekwane ka-Aphrodite ilandisa ukuthi izindaba zakhe zothando zaqhubeka futhi ngemva kwehlazo lenetha lethusi, wazala cishe izingane eziyisishiyagalombili zikankulunkulu wempi: uDeimos, Phobos, Harmonia, Adrestia kanye ama-Erote amane, abizwa nge-Eros, i-Anteros, i-Pothos ne-Himeros.
Aphrodite futhi Poseidon
Hephaestus ompofu! Akazange acabange ukuthi uPoseidon onenkanuko futhi othathekile uzothandana no-Aphrodite. Embona engagqokile izingubo, wavele wasangana naye, nakuba kunkulunkulu wolwandle kwakungenzima neze. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside ngokungangabazeki wakuthola lokho, ngoba u-Aphrodite wazala inkosi yolwandle okungenani indodakazi eyodwa, abayiqamba ngokuthi uRhode.
U-Aphrodite noHermes
UHermes wayengenabo abangomakhelwane abaningi, kodwa wayenobudlelwane obufushane kakhulu kodwa obuqinile no-Aphrodite. Futhi uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi uPriapus ekulandiseni kwasendulo ubonakala njengenzalo kaDionysus no-Aphrodite, kubonakala sengathi nguZeus neHayidesi kuphela abangazange banqotshwe intshiseko kankulunkulukazi wothando. Nakuba inkosi ye-underworld ayizange ihlale ngisho e-Olympus futhi owokuqala kungenzeka ukuthi wayenguyise.
I-Aphrodite phakathi kwabantu abafayo
Lapho engasematasatasa ethanda abanye abantu, u-Aphrodite waba nesikhathi sokuzithanda futhi kwakungebona onkulunkulu kuphela ababemhlosile. Njengabanye onkulunkulu abaningi be-Hellenic pantheon, u-Aphrodite ezikhathini ezimbalwa wabeka umbono wakhe kubantu abafayo:
Adonis
U-Adonis wayeyindodana kaMirra, owesifazane u-Aphrodite owaphenduka isihlahla. Unkulunkulukazi wamfaka ebhokisini wamyisa endaweni engaphansi, ecela uPersephone ukuba amnakekele kahle. Kodwa-ke, lapho ebuyela endaweni engaphansi ukuze ambone ngemva kwesikhathi eside, embona ethandana nomuntu ofayo manje obukeka ngendlela engavamile.
Ngakho, wacela u-Adonis ukuthi abuye naye. Yebo Persephone owayemnakekele, wayengeke akuvumele lokho. Uyise wonkulunkulu, uZeus, waqeda le ngxabano ngokunquma ukuthi u-Adonis wayezochitha isikhathi esithile nonkulunkulu ngamunye, kokubili ezweni elingaphandle naseHayidesi.
Nokho, u-Adonis wakhetha u-Aphrodite futhi lapho isikhathi sifika, akazange afune ukubuyela endaweni yabafileyo. I-Persephone yathumela ingulube ukuba imbulale futhi le nsizwa enhle yaphuma igazi ezandleni zika-Aphrodite. Lo mbhangqwana unamadodana amabili: uBeroe noGolgos.
I-Anchises
Ngesinye isikhathi, u-Aphrodite wathandana nenkosana yaseThrojani okuthiwa u-Anchises, ezenza inkosazana, wamyenga futhi walala naye. Waze waziveza kamuva, wayithembisa indodana ehloniphekile futhi eyixwayisa ukuba igcine le mfihlo kuye.
U-Anchises akakwazanga ukuyigcina kuye indaba yakhe, ngakho washaywa ukuduma kwezulu kukaZeus okwamphuphuthekisa, ngakho inkosana ayizange ibone indodana yayo, u-Aeneas, inkosi enesibindi yoMbuso WaseRoma onamandla.
EParis
UParis, inkosana yeTrojan, waba yindoda yokugcina ukubona unkulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho enikezwa umsebenzi wokwahlulela ukuthi ubani onkulunkulukazi abathathu - u-Aphrodite, uHera noma u-Athena - owayemuhle kakhulu.
U-Aphrodite wathembisa uParis intombazane enhle kunazo zonke emhlabeni uma emkhetha, ngakho ngokwemvelo wenza kanjalo. U-Aphrodite wenza isiqiniseko sokuthola uHelen, indlovukazi yaseSpartan, umcimbi owaqala iMpi YeThrojani enyantisa igazi eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi.
Inkolo yenganekwane ka-Aphrodite
Inkolo yenganekwane ka-Aphrodite yayidume kakhulu eGrisi yasendulo enezindawo ezingcwele namathempeli amaningi ezweni lonke. Izikhungo zabo eziyinhloko zamahlelo ngaphakathi kweGreece kwakuyidolobha laseKorinte e-Isthmus nesiqhingi saseKythera (Cytherea) ngasogwini lweLakedaimonia.
Inhlonipho nokukholelwa ngokwethembeka ku-Aphrodite eGreece kwatholakala kunkulunkulukazi waseFenike u-Asarte kanye noNkulunkulu waseMesophothamiya u-Ishtar, ababehlobene nothando, inzalo, ubulili kanye nokuzala.
Ngale kweGreece, isiqhingi saseKypros, noma iKhupro, sasidume ngokukhulekelwa kwaso okungaqondakali kukankulunkulukazi, ngoba u-Aphrodite naye wayehlonishwa lapha ngemikhuba nemithandazo yangasese. Wayekhulekelwa njengonkulunkulukazi oyiqhawe futhi engunkulunkulukazi wezifebe ongumvikeli. Lo nkulunkulu uye wachazwa njengonkulunkulukazi oyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ephana futhi enothando ngalabo ababemhlonipha, wayengacasuka kalula futhi ngenxa yolaka lwakhe olubi, izitha zakhe eziningi zathola ukusolwa okunonya.
Inkolo eCyprus
Inkolo yenganekwane ka-Aphrodite, eyayisakazeke kabanzi eCyprus, yayigxile endaweni yasePaphos futhi yaqala ngo-1.500 BC. Isifunda sasePaphos sinendawo yokuzalwa u-Aphrodite ePetra Tou Romiou, i-Aphrodite Shrine ePalaepaphos, kanye neBath's Aphrodite eduze kwasePolis.
Enganekwaneni, u-Aphrodite wavela egwebuni lolwandle futhi waba umngane weNkosi uKinyras. Enomona, u-Aphrodite waguqula indodakazi yakhe enhle, uMirrha, yaba isihlahla esinephunga elimnandi, idwala elithwala imure rose, iCistus creticus, emila kulo lonke elaseTroodos. U-Adonis wazalelwa ehlathini le-bramble futhi waba isithandwa sika-Aphrodite.
Eqinisweni, inganekwane isuselwe ebukhosini bakwaKinyrid futhi amasiko ka-Aphrodite no-Adonis asekhona emkhosini wezimbali zasentwasahlobo wasePaphoit, i-Anthistiria, kanye nomkhosi wezikhukhula ngoJuni, eKataklysmos, lapho ukucwila olwandle kwenza ukunanela komphumela walokhu. unkulunkulu omuhle wamagagasi.
U-Astarte wamukelwa amaGreki ngaphansi kwegama lika-Aphrodite futhi isiqhingi saseCyprus sasingesinye sezikhungo ezinkulu zokholo kulo mfanekiso, okwathi kamuva wamnika igama elithi Cypria njengesidlaliso esivame kakhulu sika-Aphrodite.
Kungenzeka-ke ukuthi u-Aphrodite wazalwa ngokomfanekiso, ekuhambeni kwakhe okude olwandle esuka ezweni lase-Asiriya eya ezweni lasendulo lamaGreki eKhupro, indawo elula phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili lapho ukuguqulwa kwakhe kusuka ku-Astarte/Ishtar kuya kunkulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite kwenzeka futhi kungenzeka. kube khona..
Inkolo ka-Aphrodite ingalandelelwa emuva ezinkolelweni zase-Asiriya zika-Ishtar no-Astarte. Kunobufakazi bokuthi u-Ishtar no-Astarte babekhulekelwa ePaphos ekuqaleni kweNkathi Yensimbi futhi njengokungathi balethwa esiqhingini ngabaseFenike kanye nenkolo yaseGibhithe kaHathor, okungenzeka ukuthi wayehlotshaniswa no-Aphrodite.
U-Ishtar wayengunkulunkulukazi wothando nempi futhi ukukhulekela kwakhe kwakuhilela ubufebe obungcwele futhi ngokuvamile wawubulala izithandwa zakhe. U-Astarte wayengomunye unkulunkulukazi wothando nempi futhi wayehlonishwa kakhulu kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Ephakathi yasendulo. Ivela eGibhithe lasendulo ngesikhathi sobukhosi be-XVIII, phakathi kuka-1550-1292 BC.
Eqinisweni, umlando wasendulo waseCyprus nawo uyindaba yokushintsha izinkolo nonkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi bababusi abahlukene kanye namakoloni esiqhingi. AbaseFenike bethula onkulunkulu babo: onkulunkulukazi u-Astarte no-Anat kanye nonkulunkulu uBali, u-Eshmoun, uReshef, uMikal, uMelqart noShed.
Baphinde bethula izinkolo zaseGibhithe ezithi Bes, Ptah, Hathor, and Thoeris. Ngekhulu lesine a. C., izinkolo zamaGreki zaba ziningi esiqhingini futhi kukhona ukuhlonzwa kancane kancane konkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi baseKhupro naseFenike ngezithixo zamaGreki.
Kodwa ngaphansi kwakho konke lokhu kubonakala ukubaluleka kukankulunkulukazi ongumama Omkhulu wenzalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi waziwa ngokuthi u-Aphrodite, u-Astarte, u-Wanassa (intokazi'), uHathor noma u-Athena.
Inkolo eSiyoni
Ezikhathini zasendulo kuthiwa, eNingizimu yeGrisi, eSikyon kukhona indawo ebiyelwe, engcwele ku-Aphrodite. Into yokuqala ngaphakathi yisifanekiso sase-Antiope.
Ngemva kwalokhu kuyindawo engcwele ka-Aphrodite, engena kuphela owesifazane okuthi ngemva kokuqokwa kwakhe angakwazi ukulala nomuntu, ophethe isikhundla sakhe esingcwele unyaka. zindla unkulunkulukazi ekungeneni bese ukhuleka kuleyondawo.
Isithombe esihlezi, senziwe ngegolide nophondo lwendlovu, sinopopi esandleni esisodwa ne-apula ngesinye, kwethulwa iminikelo kuso, bese ishiswa ngokhuni lomjunipha bese kwenezelwa iqabunga lomjunipha emnikelweni. .abakhokhayo.
Lesi isitshalo esikhula ezindaweni ezivulekile ze-enclosure futhi asitholakali kwenye indawo. Mancane kunalawo e-oki, kodwa amakhulu kunalawo e-oki, anomumo ofana noweqabunga le-oki. Olunye uhlangothi lumnyama ngombala, olunye lumhlophe, lufana namaqabunga amhlophe kabhabhulini.
Ukukhulekela e-Athene
Kwakukhona indawo engcwele ka-Ares e-Athene, lapho kubekwa khona izithombe ezimbili zika-Aphrodite, eyodwa ka-Ares nesinye sika-Athena. Kukhona futhi indawo engcwele ka-Aphrodite Ourania, abase-Asiriya bengamadoda okuqala ukusungula inkolo yakhe, ngemva kwalaba, amaPalestina aseKypros namaFenike ahlala e-Askalon ePalestine.
U-Aegeus wasungula inkolo phakathi kwabase-Athene, ngoba wayecabanga ukuthi akananzalo futhi wayezobhekana nezinhlekelele ngenxa yolaka luka-Aphrodite Ourania, ngakho wanquma ukumkhokhela. Lesi sithombe esisagciniwe senziwa ngemabula evela eParia futhi siwumsebenzi kaPhidias.
Esinye sezifunda zase-Athene ngesase-Athmoneis, abathi uPorphyrion, inkosi engaphambi kuka-Aktaius, wasungula indawo yabo engcwele e-Orania. Kodwa amasiko phakathi kwamapherishi avame ukuhluka ngokuphelele kulawo asedolobheni.
U-Aphrodite kwezobuciko
Inganekwane ka-Aphrodite, unkulunkulukazi wama-Olympian wobuhle, uthando nokuzala, bekulokhu kuyisihloko semisebenzi yobuciko kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC. C. emakoloni aseGrisi lasendulo. Phakathi nenkulungwane yeminyaka, umfanekiso ka-Aphrodite uvezwe ngezindlela eziningi nangezinto eziningi ezahlukene.
Kunezinhlobo zokugqoka kwakhe ingxenye, enqunu ngokuphelele, ekama izinwele zakhe, ukugibela izinqola zakhe nokudansa nabanye onkulunkulu, ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana nemabula, i-terracotta, itshe nezitsha zobumba. Inqwaba yemidwebo, imidwebo, nokuphrinta iveza unkulunkulukazi njengesihloko, eminingi yakho ebonisa ukuphila kwakhe.
emfanekisweni
Isifanekiso esaziwayo sika-Aphrodite isithombe esidumile samaGreki, uVenus de Milo, sika-Alexandros wase-Antiyokiya, esisele eqoqweni leLouvre, eParis. Elawula isibhakabhaka ngenqola yakhe edonswa amajuba nolwandle enqoleni yakhe edonswa yizisebenzi, u-Aphrodite wayengunkulunkulukazi wothando, ubuhle, injabulo, nenzalo. Wahlanganiswa nonkulunkulukazi wamaRoma uVenus.
Emfanekisweni oqoshiwe wesiGreki wakudala, unkulunkulu udalwe kabusha njengomuntu wesifazane onqunu noma onqunu uhhafu, onezingalo ezenziwe isitayela ezizama ukuzemboza, njengesenzo sesizotha esingamanga.
Phakathi neminyaka yama-364-361 BC umqophi wase-Athene uPraxiteles waqopha isifanekiso semabula esinesihloko esithi Aphrodite of Knidos noma uVenus waseCnidos owanconywa uPliny Omdala njengesifanekiso esikhulu kunazo zonke ezake zenziwa.
Kwakuyi-Aphrodite yokuqala ngaphandle kwengubo, eyenziwe ngumdwebi cishe ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC njengomfanekiso wenkolo wesifunda-dolobha saseKnidos (Cnidus). Akungabazeki ukuthi lo msebenzi wemukelwa ngokuphikisana okuthile ngalezo zinsuku, kodwa isitayela ngokushesha saba inkambiso.
Esinye isiqeshana esibaziwe sokuvelela okukhulu Ukuzalwa kuka-Aphrodite, iyisiphuzo esiyinhloko se Isihlalo sobukhosi sikaLudovisi elise-Altemps Palace edumile, eRoma.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi yenziwa phakathi kuka-460 no-470 BC futhi iyisiqephu esimangalisayo, esenziwe nge-bas-relief esigxotsheni esikhulu semabula emhlophe. Kuyisigcawu sakudala esivela enganekwaneni ka-Aphrodite lapho unkulunkulukazi eboniswa ekhuphuka olwandle. Njengamanje iseNational Roman Museum.
Ependeni
Kunemidwebo eminingi namafresco enganekwaneni ka-Aphrodite, njengoba kwaba umthombo wogqozi kubaculi abaningi abangangabazi ukukhipha ithalente labo ukuze bamveze:
I-Aphrodite ephuma olwandle (Apelles)
U-Apelles wapenda unkulunkulukazi futhi umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko osewanyamalala wawunesihloko esithi Venus Anadiomena noma u-Aphrodite okhuphuka olwandle, waphinde wathatha uPhryné njengesibonelo.
Ngokuka-Athenaeus waseNáucratis, lona wesifazane wayenomzimba omuhle ayehlale ezimboza ngejazi, ngokuvamile wayengayi ezindaweni zokugeza zomphakathi, ngakho wayengakaze abonwe engagqokile. Nokho, emikhosini yama-Eleusinia naleyo eyayihlonishwa uPoseidon, wakhumula izingubo zakhe futhi washiya izinwele zakhe zixega phambi kwawo wonke umuntu ukuba ayobhukuda olwandle.
Kwakukhona abantu abaningi ababebuthene phakathi nalo mkhosi wenkolo obalulekile, noma kunjalo, wanquma ukubhukuda enqunu futhi umdwebi odumile u-Apelles wakhungathekiswa umbono omuhle kangangokuthi wadweba umdwebo odume kakhulu wezwe lasendulo, manje olahlekile: I-Aphrodite ekhuphuka olwandle.
Nakanjani, lapho umdwebi embona ephuma emanzini, wakhuthazwa ubuhle bakhe ukuze aphinde adale unkulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite, lowo izwe elimchaza njengonkulunkulu wobuhle obukhangayo.
Ukuzalwa kukaVenus (Alexandre Cabanel)
Emsebenzini ungabona isithombe sika-Aphrodite, lapho ethwalwa ogwini lolwandle ngegwebu lolwandle. Kungumsebenzi osuka ngonyaka ka-1863, osuselwe enganekwaneni yakudala yokuzalwa kukankulunkulukazi, ovumela abadwebi ukuthi bapende ubunqunu futhi babhekisele ekukhanyisweni, ngaphandle kokushaqisa abantu bangaleso sikhathi. Ngokungangabazeki kwaba yimpumelelo eParis, eyatholwa uNapoleon III.
Ukuzalwa kukaVenus (Sandro Botticelli)
I-La nascita di Venere noma ukuzalwa kukaVenus nguBotticelli kungenye yezethulo ezidume kakhulu zokuzalwa kuka-Aphrodite. Wenziwa phakathi kuka-1482 no-1485. Lesi siqeshana esihle kakhulu sengcweti yeRenaissance sibonisa ubunqunu ngaphandle kokuzama ukukuthethelela ngezizathu zenkolo, siqhela ebumnyameni obuyisici beNkathi Ephakathi.
Ukuzalwa kukaVenus (W. A. Bouguereau)
Lo msebenzi osuka ku-1879 ungomunye wemidwebo ebaluleke kakhulu yilo mdwebi futhi umelela ukuzalwa kukankulunkulukazi, njengomuntu omdala, enqunu futhi ephuma egwebu lolwandle.
I-Aphrodite (Briton Riviere)
Umsebenzi omuhle owenziwa ngo-1902 ngumdwebi odumile waseNgilandi, owayebonakala ngokuhlanganisa izilwane emidwebeni yakhe, engokoqobo kakhulu futhi enobuhle obukhulu.
I-Mirror of Venus (u-Edward Burne-Jones)
Lawa mafutha akumdwebo kaseyili ka-Sir Edward Burne-Jones ngo-1877 avusa imisebenzi yeRenaissance, ebuhleni obuthambile bobuso obune-melancholy engutsheni ethambile, yakudala.
Ayilandisi noma yisiphi isiqephu ikakhulukazi, ikhombisa kuphela umfanekiso kankulunkulukazi nabangane bakhe becabangelana echibini, elizungezwe indawo epholile ezama ukungakususi ukuvelela kwezibalo.
Venus, Adonis and Cupid (Annibale Carracci)
Kungamafutha omsebenzi wekhanvasi okwamanje okuyingxenye yeqoqo lePrado Museum eMadrid. Yenziwe ngo-1590 futhi ibhekwa njengenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yalo mculi.
I-Mars neVenus (Sandro Botticelli)
Kwenziwe ngo-1483, kungumdwebo wobuhle obukhulu kanye namaqiniso, lapho ungabona khona abathandi abakhulu bezungezwe ama-satyr. Kulo mdwebo, uVenus ubona i-Mars isozela, kuyilapho ama-satyr amabili amancane edlala ngezikhali zeqhawe futhi omunye uhlala ezolile ngaphansi kwengalo yakhe.
Isimo sisehlathini elithakathiwe, umuzwa wokubuka kanye nomkhathizwe kuncane kakhulu futhi kuhlangene. Ngaphambili, uswebezane lweminyovu lundiza phezu kwekhanda likaMars, ngokunokwenzeka njengophawu lokuthi uthando luvame ukuhambisana nobuhlungu.
ezincwadini zakudala
Njengoba kulindelekile, kunezindaba eziningi kanye nezinkomba ku-Aphrodite ezincwadini zakudala, ezinye ezinhle kakhulu, njengokuncenga kuka-Aphrodite nguLucretius, ekuqaleni kuka-Aphrodite. Ngemvelo yezinto noma amaculo amaHomeric amade kunawo wonke anikezelwe ku-Aphrodite. Ezinye izingcaphuno zale mibhalo zingafundwa ngezansi:
Callimachus, Inkondlo
Lezi zipho ku-Aphrodite zanikezelwa nguSimoni, ukukhanya kothando: isithombe sakhe kanye nebhande elamanga amabele akhe, nesibani sakhe, yebo, kanye nezinduku yena, owesifazane ompofu, ayefuna ukuzithwala.
Plutarch, Impilo kaTheseus
Abesifazane base-Athene ngaleso sikhathi babegubha u-Adoniya, umkhosi ka-Aphrodite no-Adonis, futhi ezindaweni eziningi edolobheni kwakubekwe izithombe ezincane zikankulunkulu ukuze zingcwatshwe, futhi kwakuqhutshelwa imingcwabo ngakubo, ngokulila kwabesifazane. kangangokuthi labo ababenendaba nezinto ezinjalo badabuka.
Virgil, The Aeneid
Khona-ke uVenus, eshukunyiswa njengomama ngobuhlungu obungafaneleki bendodana yakhe, ucosha i-dictamus e-Cretan Ida, isiqu samaqabunga ashwabene embali agcina ngokunsomi; Izimbuzi zasendle aziwazi lomuthi lapho imicibisholo endizayo ibhoboza emhlane.
I-Venus, enomfanekiso ofihliwe efwini elimnyama, yayiletha futhi yafaka imibala amanzi athululelwa endishini ekhanyayo, iphulukisa ngasese, futhi iwaphuzisa ngamajusi we-ambrosia enempilo kanye ne-panacea enephunga elimnandi.
Homer, Hymn V
Ngitshele, Musa, izenzo zika-Aphrodite wegolide kakhulu, waseCypris, ovusa isifiso esimnandi kunkulunkulu futhi ethambisa izinhlanga zabantu abafayo, izinyoni eziphaphazela esibhakabhakeni nazo zonke izidalwa, kokubili eziningi ezondla izwekazi, njengokuthi mangaki iponto eyondlayo.
Wonke umuntu uyathinteka ngesenzo sikaCythera, othweswe kahle. Kukhona izinhliziyo ezintathu, nokho, angeke azikhohlise noma azikhohlise...
Uthatha ngisho noZeus ozijabulisa ngombani... Ukukhohlisa lapho efuna izingqondo zabo ezikhaliphile, kumhlanganisa ngokukhululeka okukhulu kwabesifazane abafayo, kumenza akhohlwe uHera...
https://youtu.be/Cu72R5PY_9s
Lucretius, Imvelo yezinto
Ngenxa yakho zonke izinhlobo eziphilayo ziyakhulelwa futhi zivuke ukuze ucabange ngokukhanya kwelanga: ngaphambi kokuba amafu abaleke, umhlaba wendlala ukhaphethi wezimbali, amathafa olwandle ayamamatheka kuwe futhi ukukhazimula okupholile kusakazeka esibhakabhakeni.
Ngoba lapho nje intwasahlobo yembula ubuso bayo, izinyoni zezulu ziqale zikubingelele futhi zimemezele ukufika kwakho; emva kwalokho, izilwane nemihlambi ziyazulazula emadlelweni aluhlaza futhi ziwele imifula esheshayo: ngaleyo ndlela, zibanjwe ukupela kwakho, zonke zikulandela ngokulangazela.
Igama lesiRoma lika-Aphrodite
UVenus ungunkulunkulukazi wasendulo wase-Italy ohlotshaniswa namasimu nezingadi ezitshaliwe, kamuva alinganiswa amaRoma nonkulunkulukazi wamaGreki onolaka, u-Aphrodite.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukuhlonzwa kukaVenus no-Aphrodite kwenzeka kusenesikhathi, isizathu esibe nomthelela mhlawumbe usuku lokusungulwa kwelinye lamathempeli akhe aseRoma, okuhambisana neVinalia Rustica, umkhosi weJupiter ngo-Agasti 19.
Ngakho-ke, yena noVenus baba nezihlobo njengobaba nendodakazi futhi bahlanganiswa nonkulunkulu bamaGreki uZeus no-Aphrodite. Futhi wayeyindodakazi kaDione, unkosikazi kaVulcan, futhi wayengunina kaCupid.
Ezinganekwaneni nasezindabeni ezahlukene wayedume ngezigigaba zakhe zothando kanye nezigigaba zakhe kukho kokubili onkulunkulu nabantu abafayo, wayehlotshaniswa nezici eziningi zobufazi, ezinhle nezingezinhle kangako.
NjengoVenus Verticordia, wabekwa icala lokuvikela ubumsulwa kwabesifazane namantombazane. Kodwa imbangela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuhlonza kwaba ukwamukelwa eRoma kwehlelo elidumile likaVenus Erycina, okungukuthi, lika-Aphrodite ka-Eryx (Erice) eSicily, leli hlelo ngokwalo liwumphumela wokuhlonza unkulunkulukazi ongumama waseMpumalanga no unkulunkulu wamaGreki.
Lokhu kwamukelwa kwenzeka ngesikhathi nangemva nje kweMpi Yesibili YamaPunic, ithempeli likaVenus Erycina elanikezelwa eCapitol ngo-215 BC. C. kanye nesesibili ngaphandle kwesango laseColline ngo-181 B.C. c.
Lesi sakamuva sakhiwe ngokufana okuthile nethempeli lika-Eryx, laba indawo yokukhonzela yamaKhosi amaRoma, yingakho kuthiwa uyafa meretricum ("usuku lwezifebe") oluxhunywe ku-April 23, usuku lokusungulwa kwayo.
Ukubaluleka kwehlelo likaVenus-Aphrodite kwandiswa izifiso zezombangazwe zezinhlobo ze-Iulia, umndeni kaJulius Caesar futhi, ngokutholwa kuka-Augustus. Owathi ungowozalo luka-Iulu, indodana ka-Eneya okwakuthiwa ungumsunguli wethempeli lika-Eryx futhi kwezinye izinganekwane, futhi wedolobha laseRoma.
Kusukela esikhathini sikaHomeri kuqhubeke, wenziwa indodana ka-Aphrodite, kangangokuthi uzalo lwakhe lwanikeza u-Iulii umsuka wobuNkulunkulu. Abanye ngaphandle kwe-Iulii bazama ukuxhumana nonkulunkulu owaduma kakhulu nobalulekile, ikakhulukazi uGnaeus Pompey the triumvir, owanikezela ithempeli kuVenus njengoVictrix (Victory Bringer) ngo-55 BC. c.
Ithempeli likaJulius Caesar (46 BC), nokho, lamiswa ngokukhethekileyo kuVenus Genetrix (umama ozalayo), owaziwa kakhulu kwaze kwaba sekufeni kukaNero ngo-68 BC Naphezu kokushabalala komugqa kaJulio-Claudian, lahlala lidumile, ngisho naphakathi kwababusi, isibonelo uHadrian waqeda ithempeli likaVenus eRoma ngo-135 BC
Njengonkulunkulu womdabu waseNtaliyane, uVenus wayengenazo izinganekwane ezingokwakhe, ngakho lezo zika-Aphrodite nazo zihlotshaniswa naye, futhi ngaye, wahlotshaniswa nonkulunkulukazi bezinye izizwe abahlukahlukene.
Umphumela ophawuleka kakhulu walokhu kuthuthukiswa mhlawumbe ukutholwa kweplanethi iVenus yalelo gama. Iplanethi ekuqaleni yayiyinkanyezi kankulunkulukazi waseBhabhiloni u-Ishtar futhi kusukela lapho yaba u-Aphrodite noma uVenus.
Ngenxa yokuhlotshaniswa kwakhe nothando nobuhle besifazane, unkulunkulukazi uVenus ube ngumthombo wogqozi ekuboniseni ubuciko kusukela kulezi zikhathi zasendulo. Imisebenzi ephawuleka kakhulu enobunkulunkulu njengesikhungo sayo yilena: iVenus de Milo (150 BC) nomdwebo kaSandro Botticelli, onesihloko esithi The Birth of Venus (1485).
Thola ukuthi iyiphi inganekwane ethakazelisa kakhulu ka-Aphrodite
Inganekwane ka-Aphrodite izungezwe ubuhle, uthando, intshiseko kanye nentukuthelo embi, ngisho nalapho bethi ungunkulunkulukazi othintekayo, izindaba zakhe eziningi zibonakala ngokubonisa isimo sakhe sengqondo esiguquguqukayo. Ake sazi ezinye ezithakazelisa kakhulu:
Umshado ka-Aphrodite
Ngokusho kwenguqulo eyodwa yenganekwane ye-Aphrodite, ngenxa yobuhle bakhe obungavamile, uZeus uqala ukukhathazeka ngokusabela kwabanye onkulunkulu. Ithuba lokuthi bazoba izimbangi ezinobudlova ukuze bamthathe kwakucashile futhi ngokunembile ukugwema lokhu, uphoqa u-Aphrodite oneshwa ukuba ashade noHephaestus, unkulunkulu onzima nongenamahlaya, kodwa onethalente le-blacksmithing.
Kwenye inguqulo yendaba, u-Hera uphonsa u-Hephaestus e-Olympus, ecabanga ukuthi akajabulisi, esabekayo futhi ekhubazekile ukuze ahlale endlini yonkulunkulu, nakuba eyindodana yakhe.
U-Hephaestus kakade esekhulile, unquma ukuziphindiselela kumama wakhe. Dala isihlalo sobukhosi esimangalisayo futhi usithumele njengesipho kunkulunkulukazi. Ngokushesha nje lapho ehlala phezu kwayo, uHera wayevaleleke, engakwazi ukuzikhulula.
U-Hephaestus ubizelwa e-Olympus ukuze akhulule u-Hera futhi ufuna, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi anikezwe isandla sika-Aphrodite emshadweni ngokushintshanisa. UZeyusi unikeza isicelo futhi unkulunkulu, ejabulela ukushada nonkulunkulukazi wobuhle, wenza ubucwebe bakhe obuhle futhi obuyigugu, kuhlanganise nebhande noma i-corset egcizelela isifuba futhi imenze angakwazi ukumelana nabesilisa.
Ukungajabuli kwakhe ngalo mshado ongafunwa kubangela u-Aphrodite ukuba afune omunye umngane wesilisa, ngokuvamile u-Ares, kodwa futhi u-Adonis noPoseidon.
Umyeni ka-Aphrodite, uHephaestus, ungunkulunkulu wamaGreki othobekile futhi othule, kodwa akusona isitayela esikhanga u-Aphrodite oguquguqukayo, othanda u-Ares, unkulunkulu wempi omncane futhi onamandla, ngoba ukhangwa isimo sakhe sobudlova, okungenani lokho. yilokho uHomer akuchaza ngandlela thile kuyi-Odyssey.
Kodwa akukho adventure eyodwa eyaziwa kunkulunkulu ngesikhathi somshado wabo. Wayengumthandi weTrojan Anchises kanye nomama wendodana yakhe u-Aeneas, ka-Adonis omuhle, wasePoseidon, phakathi kwabanye.
Inganekwane ka-Aphrodite no-Adonis
Unina ka-Adonis wayenguMyrrha noma uSmirna omuhle kanye noyise, iNkosi uCinyrus waseKhupro, owayenguyise kaMyrrha. Yebo, ubaba nendodakazi bahlangana futhi bakhulelwa indodana! Nokho, lokhu kwakungeyona inhloso.
Lesi simo esingavamile senzeka ngoba unkulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite wayenomona ngobuhle bukaMyrrha futhi wabangela ukuba intombazane ijoyine uyise.
Lapho inkosi ibona lokho eyayikwenzile, yaxosha uMira ngenkemba, ihlose ukumbulala kanye nengane yakhe eyayingakazalwa.
Ngalesi sikhathi u-Aphrodite wahamba kakhulu futhi ezisola ngesenzo sakhe, ngokushesha waguqula intombazane yaba isihlahla semure ukuze isindise ukuphila kwayo.
Umntwana osanda kuzalwa, owathola igama lika-Adonis, wabeka esifubeni, asinika igunya kuPersephone, indlovukazi ye-underworld. Lapho i-Persephone ivula i-oda yakhangwa ubuhle bomntwana, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho u-Aphrodite eyifuna, wenqaba ukuyibuyisela.
Nakuba unkulunkulukazi wothando wehlela endaweni engaphansi ukuze akhulule umntwana u-Adonis emandleni abafileyo, wenqatshelwa ukuba amthathe. Isiphetho sengxabano phakathi konkulunkulukazi ababili sabekwa uZeus, owakhipha isinqumo sokuthi u-Adonis kufanele ahlale nePersephone endaweni engaphansi komhlaba ingxenye yonyaka kanye no-Aphrodite emhlabeni ongaphezulu.
Umncintiswano phakathi kuka-Aphrodite kanye ne-Persephone wokutholwa kuka-Adonis ubonisa ngokucacile umzabalazo phakathi kothando nokufa, indikimba evamile emlandweni wamaGreki, njengoba siyibona enganekwaneni yePersephone neHayidesi. Isinqumo sikaZeus sokuthi u-Adonis uzochitha ingxenye yonyaka engaphansi komhlaba futhi ingxenye phezu komhlaba simane siyinganekwane yamaGreki mayelana nombono wokunyamalala konyaka nokuvela kabusha, okubhekisela entwasahlobo nasebusika.
Kwezinye izinguqulo zezinganekwane zika-Aphrodite no-Adonis, lapho u-Ares, unkulunkulu wempi kanye nesithandwa sika-Aphrodite, ezwa ukuthi u-Aphrodite uyamthanda u-Adonis osemusha, waba nomona ngempela futhi wanquma ukuziphindiselela. Kwezinye izindaba, u-Adonis wayengasafuni ukubuyela endaweni engaphansi komhlaba futhi i-Persephone inquma ukuziphindiselela.
Iqiniso liwukuthi indaba ibonisa ukuthi u-Aphrodite wayexosha u-Adonis, ngokuhlanya emthanda, kodwa le nsizwa enhle yayinesithakazelo esikhulu ekuzingeleni. Unkulunkulukazi wothando wancenga u-Adonis ukuba ayeke lo mdlalo oyingozi nakuba ayewujabulela, ngoba wayengenakubekezelela ukulahlekelwa nguye.
Kodwa u-Adonis onesibindi wasishaya indiva iseluleko sakhe futhi wabulawa ingulube enolaka ngenkathi ezingela, kuthiwa isilwane empeleni sasinguNkulunkulu Ares nezinye izinguqulo, ukuthi wayengumthunywa wePersephone. Lapho u-Adonis ehlaselwa, u-Aphrodite wezwa ukukhala kwakhe futhi wagijima waya eceleni kwakhe ngenqola yakhe edonswa yidada. Wabona umfana owayenenxeba lokufa wabe esethuka uFates no-Ares ababeyalele ukufa kwakhe.
Njengoba u-Adonis esafile ezingalweni zakhe, u-Aphrodite waguqula amathonsi egazi awela enxebeni akhe phansi aba izimbali zomoya njengenkokhelo othandweni lwakhe. Izimbali zahluma egazini lika-Adonis, nomoya wakhe wabuyela endaweni yabafileyo.
i-apula legolide
Ngesikhathi somshado kaPeleus noThetis, uZeus wahlela idili, wonke umuntu wathola isimemo ngaphandle kuka-Eris, unkulunkulukazi wokungezwani.
Lokhu ngendlela efanayo kwaya edilini futhi kwawisa ngamabomu i-apula legolide, labonisa umbhalo kwabahle kakhulu. Yebo kwakuyisu ukudala ukungezwani futhi lokho kwenzeka ngempela, onkulunkulu abathathu bafuna i-apula.
Ngalesi sikhathi kwakungonkulunkulukazi abathathu, uHera, u-Athena no-Aphrodite. Kodwa njengoba bonke babezifunela bona, babedinga othile owayezonquma ukuthi leli apula lalizoba ngelikabani. Laba nkulunkulukazi abathathu abanolaka babefuna ukuthola ukuthi yimuphi kubo owayemuhle kakhulu. Khona-ke, bacela usizo lukaParis, indodana yeNkosi uPriam yaseTroy, nguye owayezoqeda ingxabano.
UParis wakhetha u-Aphrodite njengofiseleka kakhulu. Unkulunkulukazi ngamunye wathembisa okuthile eParis uma emkhetha njengomuhle kakhulu, esimweni sika-Aphrodite, wenza isithembiso enkosana yeThrojani ukwenza umkakhe abe ngowesifazane omuhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu kwamenza wakwazi ukuncintisana nabanye onkulunkulukazi, kwamenza waba umnqobi.
Umvuzo ka-Aphrodite kwakuyi-apula legolide, uphawu lobuhle bakhe, kanti okaParis kwakunguHelen. Yebo. uHelen owagcina edale i-Trojan War.
I-Aphrodite ne-Anchises
Kunesikhathi lapho u-Aphrodite efisa insizwa enhle yaseTroy, igama layo kwakungu-Anchises. Efuna ukumyenga nganoma iyiphi indlela, u-Aphrodite wanquma ukuziguqula abe owesifazane ofayo, ngakho wanquma ukufika ezweni lakubo, ePafo, eKhupro, lapho abakwaGrace bamgeza khona futhi bamfaka amakha.
Wabe esevunula kahle futhi washintsha waba inkosazana yaseFrigiya, endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iTurkey. Ngenjabulo, waya eNtabeni i-Ida ukuze ahlangane no-Anchises, owayeluse izinkomo zakhe lapho.
Unkulunkulukazi waguquka waba umuntu ofayo wema phambi kwakhe wathi: Anchises, ubaba ufuna ngishade nawe ngoba uhloniphekile. Ngisuka kude nje ngenxa yakho futhi ngiyazi ukukhuluma ulimi lwakho ngoba ngikhuliswe owesifazane onguTrojan.
Egcwele uthando futhi egajwe uthando, engazi ngempela ukuthi wenzani, le ndoda yalala no-Aphrodite, isikhathi eside bendawonye futhi unkulunkulukazi wazala amadodana amabili, u-Aeneas ukhokho wamaRoma noLyros.
Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi eside, u-Aphrodite wanquma ukuphinda agqoke izingubo zakhe zasebukhosini futhi aveze ukuthi ungubani ngempela. Kancane kancane, wasondela embhedeni ka-Anchises wabuza: Ake ungitshele, ingabe ngibukeka ngifana nosuku owangibona ngalo okokuqala?
U-Anchises wethuka lapho ebona ukuthi unkulunkulukazi futhi wamncenga ukuba asindise ukuphila kwakhe. Akudingekile ukuba wesabe, inqobo nje uma uthembisa ukuthi ngeke utshele muntu ukuthi ulale nonkulunkulukazi, u-Aphrodite wamtshela.
Nokho, kungakabiphi, u-Anchises wadakwa futhi waqala ukuqhosha kubangane bakhe ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi u-Aphrodite uyamthanda. Lapho uZeus, inkosi yonkulunkulu, ethola ngokuzikhukhumeza kwakhe, wacasuka kakhulu. Ethukuthele egane unwabu, wajikijela umbani endodeni, ayizange imbulale, kodwa yamvala amehlo.
U-Aphrodite, u-Hephaestus no-Ares
UHephaestus noma njengoba amaRoma ayembiza kanjalo, uVulcan, wayengumkhandi wensimbi wezithixo kanye nezingcweti ezinkulu kakhulu. Lo nkulunkulu wayeshade no-Aphrodite, unkulunkulu wothando nobuhle, umshado owahlelwa nguZeus, ngokumelene nentando kankulunkulukazi.
Kwakungewona umshado omuhle, ngoba u-Aphrodite wayengumfazi ongathembekile kusukela ekuqaleni. Wayenothando olude no-Ares, unkulunkulu wempi nezingxabano, ubuhlobo lapho u-Eros, unkulunkulu wothando, azalwa khona.
U-Ares wayengunkulunkulu omkhulu wempi wama-Olympian, intshiseko yempi, nesibindi sobudoda. Emdwebeni wamaGreki wayevezwe njengeqhawe elivuthiwe elinentshebe eligqoke izikhali zempi noma njengensizwa enqunu engenantshebe ephethe isigqoko nomkhonto. Iqiniso liwukuthi wayeyisisulu sentshiseko yalo nkulunkulukazi wamabomu noshisekayo.
U-Helio, uNkulunkulu weLanga, owayekwazi ukubona izinto eziningi phakathi nosuku, ngenkathi eshayela inqola yakhe yelanga esibhakabhakeni, uyena owathola lolo thando lomshoshaphansi. Ngolunye lwalezo zinsuku lapho u-Aphrodite ethatha umthandi embhedeni wakhe, ngenkathi uHephaestus engekho, u-Helius wayekwazi ukubona u-Ares kalula.
Ngakho, watshela konke Hephaestus, owahlazisa futhi egcwele intukuthelo wanquma ukuziphindiselela abathandi. Esebenzisa bonke ubuhlakani nobungcweti bakhe, wenza inetha elihle, elinganqamuki futhi wabamba lezi zithandani ezimbili besembhedeni.
Ngokushesha u-Hephaestus wabuyela ekamelweni lakhe nenqwaba yabanye onkulunkulu ukuze abone umbhangqwana ohlazekile, i-aphoyintimenti engazange ihanjelwe onkulunkulukazi abasala e-Olympus ngenxa yehlazo, kwavela amadoda ase-Olympian kuphela.
UPoseidon wazama ukunxenxa uHephaestus ukuba akhulule umbhangqwana ophingayo. Ekuqaleni, u-Hephaestus wenqaba isicelo, ngoba wayefuna ukwenza okuningi ngokuphindiselela kwakhe, kodwa ekugcineni wakhulula umkakhe nesithandwa sakhe. U-Ares wabalekela eThrace ngokushesha, kanti u-Aphrodite waya ePafo esiqhingini saseKhupro.
Ngokusho kwembongi engumRoma u-Ovid, u-Aphrodite waqinisekisa ukuthi uyayijezisa impimpi, unkulunkulu welanga uHelius. Wayethanda inyozi okuthiwa uClytie. U-Aphrodite wamenza wathanda enye intombazane, uLeucothoe, indodakazi ka-Orchamus inkosi yasePheresiya.
UClytie waba nomona ngembangi yakhe, ngakho wasakaza amahlebezi okuthi wayengelwe isithandwa sakhe esifayo. Uyise kaLeucothoe osemncane, ethukuthele, wamngcwaba ephila. Ngakho, ekugcineni, uHelius odabukile wamshiya uClytie futhi wandizela esibhakabhakeni, eqhuba inqola yakhe izinsuku eziyisishiyagalolunye.
Inganekwane ka-Aphrodite mayelana nokuphinga kwakhe ibonakala iphelile ngesehlukaniso sakhe nomkhandi wensimbi wezithixo, uHephaestus. Phakathi neMpi YeThrojani, uHomer uchaza unkulunkulukazi njengomngane ka-Ares futhi ubiza umakoti kaHephaestus ngokuthi u-Aglaia. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye ababhali basendulo bakuchaza ngokusobala ukuqedwa komshado. Homer, Odyssey 8. 267 nokulandelayo:
Cezimisele enhliziyweni, yena (uHephaestus) wasondela endlini yakhe futhi wema kuvulandi futhi wabona umkakhe u-Aphrodite ebanjwe egone u-Ares; ulaka olukhulu lwambamba, futhi wabhonga kabuhlungu, ememeza kubo bonke onkulunkulu: “Woza, Baba uZeyusi; wozani, bonke abangafi ababusisiwe kanye naye; bheka ukuthi kwenzekeni lapha.
Manje uzobona umbhangqwana wezithandani ngenkathi zilele zangana embhedeni wami; ukubabona kuyanginyanyisa. Nokho, ngiyasingabaza isifiso sabo sokuphinde baphumule lapho, njengoba benothando njengabo.
Ngokushesha bazolahla ukuma kwabo lapho; kodwa amaketanga ami anobuqili ayowabopha bobabili aze uyise uZeyusi abuyisele kimi zonke izipho zomshado engamnika zona ngendodakazi yakhe eyisixhwanguxhwangu; ubuhle unabo, kodwa awunawo amahloni.
Kweminye imibhalo, uHomer ubonakala esikisela ukuthi umbhangqwana ohlukanisile ngemva kwalesi siqephu, njengoba ku-Iliad, u-Aglaia, omncane kunabo bonke futhi omuhle kunabo bonke kuGrace abathathu, unkosikazi kaHephaestus no-Aphrodite bajoyina ngokukhululekile u-Ares.
U-Aphrodite, Psyche no-Eros
Le nganekwane ka-Aphrodite imayelana noPsyche nendodana yakhe u-Eros. U-Psyche wayengomunye wamakhosazana amathathu embusweni wamaGreki wase-Anatolia. Bonke odade abathathu babebahle, kodwa i-Psyche yayimangalisa kakhulu. U-Aphrodite, unkulunkulukazi wothando nobuhle, wezwa ngodade abahle futhi waba nomona ngakho konke ukunakwa abantu ababemnaka, ikakhulukazi uPsyche.
Ngakho wabiza indodana yakhe, u-Eros, wayitshela ukuthi ithakathe entombazaneni. Njengoba elalela njalo, wandizela emhlabeni nezitsha ezimbili zomuthi.
U-Eros ongabonakali ubhunyele i-psyche elele ngomuthi ozokwenza amadoda amgweme uma kukhulunywa ngomshado. Kodwa ngephutha wambhoboza ngomunye wemicibisholo yakhe, lena ehlukile yokwenza umuntu athandane ngaso leso sikhathi, waphaphama eseqalaza.
Ubuhle bakhe buye bamhlaba umxhwele u-Eros kangangokuthi naye wazihlaba ngephutha. Iphatheke kabi ngalento ayenzile, yafafaza le ntokazi ngomunye umuthi, okwakuzoletha injabulo empilweni yayo.
Ngokuqinisekile, u-Psyche, nakuba wayesemuhle, akakwazanga ukuthola umyeni. Abazali bakhe, besaba ukuthi baye bacasula ngandlela-thile onkulunkulu, bacela i-oracle ukuze iveze umyeni wesikhathi esizayo ka-Psyche. Umphrofethi uthe nakuba ingekho indoda ezomamukela kodwa kunesidalwa esiphezu kwentaba esasizomshada. Ukuzinikela kokungenakugwemeka, u-Psyche walibangisa entabeni.
Wathi uma embona wapheshulwa wumoya omncane owamyisa lapho eya khona. Umoya wamshiya endlini yakhe entsha, isigodlo esihle nesicebile, lapho umyeni wakhe omusha, ongazange amvumele ukuba ambone, wazibonakalisa eyisithandwa esimnene. Lowo myeni okhetheke kakhulu kwakungu-Eros ngokwakhe.
Ngemva kwesikhashana, wazizwa enesizungu kude kangaka nomndeni wakubo futhi wacela imvume yokuvakashelwa odadewabo. Laba lapho bebona ukuthi yayinhle kanjani indlu entsha kaPsyche, babenomona.
Basondela kuye bamtshela ukuthi ngeke akhohlwe ukuthi umyeni wakhe wayeyinunu futhi akungabazeki ukuthi wayemkhuluphalisa ukuze amdle. Basikisela ukuthi akafihle ithoshi nommese eduze kombhede wakhe, ukuze uma ephinda emvakashela abone ukuthi uyisilo yini futhi amnqume ikhanda uma ekhona.
Odadewabo bamkholisa ukuthi kwakungcono kakhulu, ngakho ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho umyeni wakhe emvakashela ebusuku, wayezoba nesibani nommese.
Ngalobo busuku, lapho u-Eros efika, waphakamisa isibani, wabona ukuthi umyeni wakhe wayengelona inunu, kodwa ungunkulunkulu! Wamangala wagijima waya efasiteleni wandiza, wazama ukumlandela wawa phansi waquleka.
Lapho u-Psyche evuka, isigodlo sasingasekho futhi wazithola esensimini eduze nekhaya lakhe elidala, waya ngokujulile ethempelini lika-Aphrodite futhi wathandazela usizo lwakhe. Unkulunkulukazi, owayengenandaba naye, waphendula ngokumnika uchungechunge lwemisebenzi okufanele ayenze, imisebenzi u-Aphrodite ayekholelwa ukuthi intombazane yayingenakuyenza. Owokuqala wawuhlunga inqwaba yezinhlamvu ezixutshiwe, ezihlukanisa ngokohlobo. I-Psyche yabheka inqwaba futhi yaphelelwa yithemba, kodwa u-Eros wahlela ngasese ukuthi ibutho lezintuthwane lihlukanise izinqwaba.
U-Aphrodite, owabuya ngakusasa ekuseni, wasola uPsyche ngokuthi wayenosizo, njengoba ayenalo, futhi wayala umsebenzi olandelayo, okwakuwukuthola ucezu loboya begolide imvu ngayinye yomhlambi owawuhlala eduze. yomfula oseduze.
Unkulunkulu womfula weluleka u-Psyche ukuba alinde kuze kube yilapho izimvu zifuna umthunzi kusukela emini yasemini, khona-ke zizolala futhi zingamhlasele. Lapho u-Psyche enikeza u-Aphrodite uboya, unkulunkulukazi waphinde wammangalela ngokuthi wayenosizo.
Umsebenzi wesithathu u-Aphrodite awubekela iPsyche kwakuwukuthola inkomishi yamanzi eMfuleni iStyx, lapho wehla khona usuka endaweni ephakeme ngendlela emangalisayo. I-Psyche yacabanga ukuthi sekuphelile, kuze kube yilapho ukhozi lumsiza ngokuthwala indebe entabeni futhi luyibuyisele igcwele.
Inganekwane ka-Aphrodite ithi unkulunkulukazi wayethukuthele, azi kahle ukuthi uPsyche wayengeke enze lokhu yedwa! Ukucasuka kwakhe kwaba kangangokuthi wayezophathisa umsebenzi olandelayo, okwakungeke kwenzeke ngempela ukuwufeza.
Umsebenzi olandelayo we-Psyche kwakuwukuya esihogweni ukuyocela i-Persephone, inkosikazi yaseHayidesi, ibhokisi le-makeup yemilingo. Ecabanga ukuthi uzobhujiswa, wanquma ukuqeda konke ngokugxuma eweni, kodwa izwi lamtshela ukuthi angakwenzi futhi lamnikeza imiyalelo yokuthi uzoya kanjani esihogweni ukuze athole ibhokisi.
Kodwa, izwi laxwayisa, ungabheki ebhokisini ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo! Khona-ke i-Psyche elandela imiyalelo yafika endaweni engaphansi komhlaba futhi yathola ibhokisi elivela ku-Persephone, libuyela ekhaya ngokuphepha.
Kodwa, ngokwemvelo yakhe, akakwazanga ukubamba ilukuluku lakhe futhi wanquma ukubheka ngaphakathi. Wamangala lapho kungekho lutho ngaphakathi ngaphandle kobumnyama futhi lokho kwamlalisa ubuthongo obukhulu.
U-Eros akabange esakwazi ukuzibamba wamvusa, wamtshela ukuthi akahambise ibhokisi ku-Aphrodite futhi uzonakekela okunye. Unkulunkulu waya emazulwini futhi wacela uZeus ukuba angenelele, emtshela ngothando lwakhe ngoPsyche ngendlela ecacile kangangokuthi unkulunkulu wonkulunkulu washukumiseleka ukuba afeze isifiso sakhe.
Indodana ka-Aphrodite yaletha u-Psyche kuZeus, owamnika ngokukhululekile indebe ye-ambrosia, isiphuzo sokungafi, kamuva wabajoyina emshadweni waphakade. Abashadikazi babenendodakazi, eyayizobizwa ngokuthi iPleasure.
I-Aphrodite kanye ne-Weasel: Indaba ye-Aesop
Kwake kwenzeka isikhwili sathandana nomfana osemncane obukekayo, kodwa njengoba kwakulindelekile, umfana akazange awucabangele umzwangedwa waphoxeka kakhulu. Idangele futhi idangele, ingwenya yaphendukela ku-Aphrodite, unkulunkulu wothando, yamncenga ukuba aguqulwe abe ngowesifazane.
U-Aphrodite, unkulunkulukazi wentshiseko nozwelo, wahawukela i-weasel futhi washintsha ngokushesha waba intombazane enhle, eyahamba iyofuna le nsizwa. Umfana wathi ebona inkalakatha eseguqukile wavele wamthanda wayithatha wayiyisa ekhaya. Njengoba umbhangqwana umi lapho ekamelweni lomshado, u-Aphrodite wayenelukuluku lokubona ukuthi i-weasel yayiyishintshile yini isimilo sayo ngaphezu kokubukeka kwayo. Ngakho wanyonyoba wadedela igundane phakathi nendawo.
Kuthe kusenjalo, umsunu wamshiya kanjalo umfana, wamangala, ejaha igundane. Ngokubona lokhu, unkulunkulukazi wadumala kakhulu, ngakho wanquma ukubuyisela insele esimweni sayo semvelo.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko siwusizo, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ezinye izixhumanisi ongase ube nentshisekelo kuzo: