Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi yini ukusetshenziswa amanzi emvula, njengoba singayisebenzisa kaningi futhi ibalulekile emvelweni nasezitshalweni zaseMhlabeni. Sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe mayelana nemvula.
Umjikelezo wamanzi
Ukushisa kwelanga kwenza ingxenye yamanzi emifuleni, olwandle, olwandle, emachibini, ihwamuke bese iqala ukukhuphuka ibheke emkhathini, emkhathini amanzi aba amafu bese kuthi uma ephola ahlehle noma awe emkhathini. uhlobo lwemvula, isichotho noma iqhwa.
Kwesinye isikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi line izulu liyakhanya, yilapho umbani ushaya khona bese sizwa umsindo wokuduma, amanzi adlulayo abuyela emifuleni, ezilwandle, olwandle, emachibini ngaleyo ndlela umjikelezo we-hydrological uyaphela.
Amafu
Ziyiqoqo elibonakalayo lezinhlayiya zamanzi ezincane ezintanta emoyeni, kunezinhlobo eziningana zamafu ngokuvumelana nokuma kwazo, amafu angaba yi-cirrus, cumulus, stratus, nimbus kanye nenkungu.
- Amafu e-Cirrus: Amafu aphakeme kakhulu ngendlela yama-brushstroke amhlophe, aphakeme kunawo wonke futhi enza isimo sezulu siguquke.
- I-cumulus: Aphakeme, amafu amhlophe asesimweni samabhola kakotini amakhulu, ngokuvamile abonisa isimo sezulu esihle.
- Izigaba: Bangamafu aphansi ngendlela yemigqa emhlophe, yiwo akhiqiza imvula noma imvula.
- Ama-nimbuses: Bangamafu aphansi aminyene kakhulu amboze isibhakabhaka esimnyama esimpunga, angamafu akhiqiza imvula.
- Inkungu: Iwumhwamuko wamanzi owakhiwa amaconsi amahle kakhulu, ukwakheka ezingeni eliphansi, ikakhulukazi ebusuku nasekuseni, njengoba lolu hlobo lwamafu luseduze kakhulu nomhlabathi, lubizwa ngokuthi yinkungu.
ubudlelwane phakathi komoya namafu
Umoya uwumoya onyakazayo ngokujwayelekile, umoya usuka ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophezulu uye ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophansi, imimoya ivunguza noma ibheke noma ibheke endaweni evundlile, imimoya eyimimoya elula evunguza isuka olwandle iye emhlabeni phakathi nosuku futhi isuka izwe liwayise olwandle ebusuku, imimoya ithwala amafu iwabhekise ezindaweni ezibandayo zezintaba noma iwakhuphukele emkhathini, amafu akhiqiza imvula lapho epholile.
Amanzi emvula, ukuvuza namazolo
Ziyizinhlobo zemvula yamanzi emvula equkethwe emafwini, amanzi angaphinde awe esimweni esiqinile, ngesimo seqhwa noma isichotho.
- amanzi emvula: Kuwuhlobo lwemvula yamanzi ewuketshezi eyenzeka lapho amafu epholile. Lapho izinga lokushisa emafwini lehla libe ngaphansi kukaziro degrees Celsius, amaconsi amanzi anda ngosayizi nesisindo, kufika isikhathi lapho amaconsi eba asinda kangangokuthi angasakwazi ukuntanta futhi awe njengemvula.
- I-drizzle: Imvula encane emaconsi amancane kakhulu, asondelene kakhulu awela kancane.
- Amazolo: Kuwumhwamuko lapho izinga lokushisa lakusihlwa liba njengamathonsi amancane, singabona amazolo emaqabunga ezitshalo nasezintweni eziphezu komhlabathi noma eduze kwawo.
Isici samanzi emvula
- Amanzi emvula ahlanzekile inqobo nje uma engakhiqizwa amanzi emvula ane-asidi.
- Akuthathi inani elikhulu lemali ukuyiqongelela.
- Amanzi emvula angagcinwa futhi kumahhala.
- Amanzi emvula ayaphuzwa.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwemvula nemifula
Imifula iyimifudlana yamanzi ehlala njalo futhi eqhubekayo ehamba ezweni, lapho lina ezindaweni ezinezintaba amanzi angena emhlabeni ayephuma kancane kancane futhi enze imifudlana futhi phakathi kwemifula eminingana kwakheka umfula.
Umthamo wamanzi emfuleni uncike ebuningini bemvula, lokhu kuzoncika nasemazingeni okushisa asemoyeni ngoba uma umhlabathi noma ulwandle lushiswa imisebe yelanga, amandla aphuma kuwo aguqulwa abe umhwamuko. lokho kwenza amafu alayishwe ngakho.
Emkhathini kunezinto ezehlukene ezigcina ukusabalalisa kwezinga lokushisa, ukube lezi zici bezingekho wonke umswakama womhlaba ubungaba umoya, ngakolunye uhlangothi inani lomswakama oqukethwe emoyeni, umehluko phakathi kokushisa okuqondile umhlaba namanzi kunquma ukuhluka okubalulekile kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kwezindawo ezinhlanu zokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa okulinganayo okukhona emhlabeni.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu kwenzeka ezindaweni ezithintekayo imisinga yasolwandle njengama-gulfs, ugu noma imisinga ebandayo, esinye isici esithonya izinga lokushisa lomoya ukuphakama, njengoba izinga lokushisa layo lehla cishe i-degree eyodwa njalo ngamamitha ayikhulu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili, ngakho-ke ezintabeni. izindawo kukhona izinga ngenhla okungase kuhlale kuneqhwa.
Indlela yokuhlanza amanzi emvula?
Amanzi emvula ahlanzekile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo awafanele ukudliwa abantu ngoba angabangela izinkinga zesisu kwabanye abantu, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanzi emvula aphuma emafwini amunca konke ukungcola okusemhlabeni.
Ukuze lezi zifaneleke ukugeleza kwamanzi komuntu, kufanele zidlule inqubo yokuhlunga, okungeyena wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi angayenza kanjani ngendlela efanele, khona-ke sizobonisa isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ukuthi le nqubo yenziwa kanjani. Ukugaywa kabusha kwamanzi imvula:
- Amanzi emvula ahanjiswa ngomsele ukuze awele esitsheni esifanayo.
- Faka isisefo esizomunca konke ukungcola okungalethwa amanzi emvula nakho.
- Ngamapayipi amancane, esinye isihlungi sixhunywe lapho i-chlorine yengezwa khona, ukuze amanzi ahlanzwe.
- Kuyadingeka ukuthi esinye isihlungi siphakame kakhulu lapho amanzi engafinyelela khona ngamaphampu.
- Wonke amapayipi kufanele abe yinsimbi engagqwali.
- Amanzi azothuthwa ngamapayipi aye ethangini elizoba nomoya wokuphefumula.
- Ngaphakathi endlini kufanele kube ne-ozonator ukuze amanzi aphuma kuyo abe nenani le-oxygen edingekayo ukuze umuntu adle.
Umswakama
Umoya uqukethe inani elithile lomhwamuko wamanzi oncibilikisiwe ohlukahluka kuye ngezinga lokushisa nezimo zendawo, umswakama ungavezwa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
umswakama ophelele
Kulapho inani lokuhwamuka kwamanzi eliqukethwe kumthamo womoya kuye ngezinga lokushisa, umoya ungaqukatha inani elikhulu noma elincane lomswakamo, umoya oshisayo ungancibilikisa inani eliphakeme kakhulu lokuhwamuka kwamanzi kunomoya obandayo, ngakho-ke umswakama ophelele uyawenza. ungasiniki umbono wezinga lokugcwala komkhathi.
saturation umswakama
Inani eliphakeme lomhwamuko wamanzi elingaqukethwa umthamo womoya, ngakho-ke ngokwesibonelo kumadigri e-centigrade ayiziro umoya ungancibilikisa amagremu amane kuphela nengxenye yesishiyagalombili ye-cubic meter ngayinye yomhwamuko wamanzi, kuyilapho kuma-degree centigrade angamashumi amathathu ungaqukatha kufika ku-. amagremu angamashumi amathathu ku-cubic meter ngayinye, ngakho-ke, umswakama wokugcwalisa uncike ekushiseni, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa lomoya kubangela amanzi emvula.
Ukucindezela
Umfutho womoya ungenxa yesisindo somkhathi osebenza phezu komhlaba, osezingeni lolwandle olingana nomfutho ikholomu ye-mercury engamamilimitha angamakhulu ayisikhombisa ukuphakama, esebenza esisekelweni sawo futhi iyahlukahluka ngokucindezela. umswakama kanye nokuphakama.
Lapho umoya ufudumala uyakhula ukuze ukuminyana kwawo kunciphe futhi inani elifanayo lomoya lithathe umthamo omkhulu, lokhu kubangela izindawo ezinengcindezi ephansi noma izindawo ezinama-cyclonic ezizokhiqizwa emkhathini ngenxa yokushisa komoya one-asidi kanye nezindawo zokucindezela okukhulu noma izindawo ezine-anticyclonic. okunomoya obandayo nominyene.
Umoya ominyene wezindawo ze-anticyclonic uzozama ukuthatha izindawo zomoya ezincane eziminyene noma ezinama-cyclonic, ngaleyo ndlela usungule ukunyakaza emoyeni okwamukela igama lomoya.
Isiphepho
Ukuphazamiseka okunobudlova komkhathi okwenzeka lapho izixuku zomoya ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zamazinga okushisa ahlukene zihlangana endaweni efanayo, imiphumela yomzimba yesiphepho umoya onamandla, imvula, umbani nokuduma.
Ezivunguvungwini isibhakabhaka siba mnyama futhi umoya ungaba namandla kangangokuthi uphula amagatsha ezihlahla, ngesikhathi seziphepho kukhiqizwa izinhlansi zikagesi eziphuma ngamandla emafwini, lezi zinhlansi ziwumbani, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kakhulu okukhiqizwa yi-electrical discharge. wombani ubizwa ngokuthi umbani futhi umsindo omkhulu kakhulu owenziwa lapho kuphuma ugesi ubizwa ngokuthi ukuduma.
Izinhlobo zezulu
Iqokwa yisimo sezulu, isimo somkhathi ngesikhathi esithile.
Isimo sezulu yisimo esijwayelekile somkhathi unyaka wonke, inani elikhulu lezimo zezulu ezisungulwa ngokwezinga lokushisa nemvula unyaka wonke, kukhona Izici Zesimo Sezulu, okubuye kuncike endaweni okukuyo indawo ecatshangwayo.
Izimo zezulu eziphawuleka kakhulu yilezi:
- Isimo sezulu esomile: Ebonakala ngombuso wokuna kwemvula ngendlela engavamile, njengoba ingase ingani iminyaka eminingana futhi ngomzuzwana othile imvula ine kakhulu kangangokuthi ibangele izikhukhula, umbuso wokushisa nawo ushintshashintsha kakhulu, uhlukanisa phakathi kwezingwadule ezishisayo nezibandayo, esikhathini esidlule. izinga lokushisa phakathi nosuku yizona eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa ebusuku ukwehla kugqame kakhulu.
Ezingwadule eziqandisiwe kunenkathi ebandayo enqunyelwe ngokusobala, inani lemvula nalo liyindlala kakhulu kodwa alikho ngendlela engavamile njengasezindaweni ezishisayo, izindawo eziwugwadule zimelela ingxenye yesine yendawo yonke yomhlaba.
- Isimo sezulu esishisayo: Ihlukaniswa ngesilinganiso sonyaka samadigri angamashumi amabili nanhlanu kanye nemvula eningi, esabalaliswe ngokulinganayo unyaka wonke, ifinyelela kumamilimitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili zamanzi emvula wonyaka.
- Izimo zezulu ezishisayo: Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlelo olujwayelekile kunezinhlobo ezithile, phakathi kwazo isimo sezulu saseMedithera nesimo sezulu esibucayi.
- Isimo sezulu saseMedithera: Zishintshanisa inkathi epholile namanzi emvula avamile lapho izinga lokushisa lisukela ku-XNUMX kuya ku-XNUMX centigrade kanye nenkathi eyomile namazinga okushisa asukela ku-XNUMX kuya ku-XNUMX degrees centigrade, ngalokhu imvula yonyaka iphakathi kwamamilimitha angamakhulu amahlanu namakhulu ayisishiyagalombili, lesi simo sezulu inikezwe endaweni ye-Mediterranean littoral zone nakwezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu Melika nase-Afrika.
Isembozo sezitshalo asiqhubeki sakhiwe ikakhulukazi izihlahla zomnqumo, ama-oki, izihlahla zikaphayini kanye nemisipres, ngenxa yenkathi eyomile umbuso we-fluvial awuqhubeki ngakho-ke bethula umbuso onamandla okubangela ukuguguleka okunamandla kakhulu kule ndawo.
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- Indawo yolwandle: Ibonakala ngethonya lemimoya yasolwandle enomswakama, enquma ukuncipha kwama-degree centigrade onyaka aguquguquka kakhulu ebusika obupholile kanye nehlobo elibandayo, izimvula zihluka kakhulu ukusuka lapha kuya ezindaweni lapho kunolwandle, zingadlula izinkulungwane ezimbili. amamilimitha angamakhulu amahlanu ngonyaka. , kuyilapho isilinganiso esivamile singasungulwa ngaphezu kwamamilimitha angamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili ngonyaka eSpain, enyakatho yenhlonhlo kunale ndawo.
- Isimo sezulu esishisayo: Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu olwandle elinamazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu alifiki ku-degree centigrade, kanti ebusika izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile liphakathi kwamashumi amathathu namashumi amane degrees centigrade ngaphansi kukaziro, imvula izungeza cishe ngamamilimitha angamakhulu amathathu, ishisa ngendlela yokuthi ngokuvamile ihambisana nomoya onamandla, uhlaza luncishiswa lube buncane noma lungabikho.
amanzi emvula ane-asidi
Imvula ene-asidi iwuhlobo oludlulele nolubonakala kakhulu lomonakalo ongenakulungiseka owenziwa ongqimbeni lwe-ozone.
Kwezinye izindawo zeplanethi njengasenyakatho yeYurophu nemiphumela yayo iye yaba yinhlekelele ngempela, amanzi emvula ayonakalise izitshalo, amahlathi futhi afaka engozini ukuqhubeka kwezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane ekwakhekeni.
ukwakheka kwamanzi emvula ane-asidi
Amanzi emvula ane-asidi ngokuvamile asuka emafwini aphakeme lapho isibabule ne-nitrogen oxides kuhlangana nomhwamuko womkhathi, akhiqize ama-sulfuric acid kanye ne-nitric acid athwalwa umoya amabanga amade ukusuka emthonjeni wawo kwenye indawo. Ngendlela yemvula, iqhwa noma inkungu, umsuka wamanzi emvula ane-acid emuva ekuqaleni kweNguquko Yezimboni, eminyakeni engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili edlule.Nokho, imiphumela yako emibi kakhulu yileyo eyatholwa ekhulwini lama-XNUMX.