Uma sikhuluma ngakho Izimbali nezilwane, sibhekisela kuzo zonke izitshalo nezilwane ezitholakala endaweni ethile noma ngesikhathi esithile, okungukuthi, singakhuluma ngezitshalo nezilwane zezwe ngokujwayelekile noma lowo owawukhona nge-Paleolithic Era.
Ithini incazelo yezitshalo nezilwane?
Uma sikhuluma ngezwi Flora Kumele sazi ukuthi inokubaluleka okuhlobene phakathi kwezinganekwane zamaRoma, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuyo, kwakukhona unkulunkulu owayephethe izimbali, intwasahlobo nezingadi, kwathiwa nguFlora. Nakuba kungase kungabi ndaba zalutho kwabaningi, siyaqaphela ukuthi kuningi okufanayo nalokho okushiwo yi-flora kithi manje.
Nokho, manje sizokwazi umqondo wezitshalo esinazo namuhla. Namuhla, uma sikhuluma ngezitshalo, sibhekisela kukho konke okutshalayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izihlahla, izihlahla, izimbali ngisho nesikhunta nama-bacteria angatholakala endaweni ethile nesikhathi nawo awela kulesi sigaba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele futhi sazi ukuthi ngisho negama elithi fauna livela ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma, ngoba uma sikhuluma ngezilwane, sibhekisela kudadewabo kaFauno, umoya ophilayo nomvikeli wamahlathi. Njengamanje, uma sikhuluma ngezilwane, sikhuluma ngazo zonke lezo zilwane ezitholakala endaweni ethile nangesikhathi esithile.
Ngakho singasho ukuthi umqondo wezitshalo nezilwane esikuphatha njengamanje, kubhekise kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezingaphansi kwezilwane nezitshalo ezitholakala endaweni ethile ngesikhathi esithile.
Kumele sikucacele ukuthi izitshalo nezilwane akukhona nje ngezilwane nezitshalo ezihlala ndawonye endaweni nesikhathi, kodwa futhi sikhuluma ngazo zonke lezo zixhumanisi ezingase zibe nazo nendawo evamile ezizungezile. Kodwa-ke, kufanele sazi ukuthi lokhu akubhekiseli kuphela ezindaweni zendawo, okungukuthi, asibheki izitshalo nezilwane kuphela lapho sikhuluma ngezindawo ezithile kanye nezikhathi zendawo ethile, kodwa singasebenzisa leli gama lapho khuluma ngendawo yokuhlala ephezulu noma ephansi.
Isibonelo esicacile salokhu okungenhla ukukhuluma ngezitshalo nezilwane ezikhona ogwini oluthile olusogwini, izitshalo nezilwane ezitholakala oLwandle lweCaribbean noma oLwandle iPacific, ngisho, singasho kancane umhlaba wonke, izitshalo nezilwane izilwandle jikelele. Ngakho-ke, uma sikhuluma ngamazinga, kusho ukuthi, uma sikhuluma ngendawo, ezinye zezibonelo zingafakwa noma zingafakwa, lokhu kuzoncika ocwaningweni olwenziwa ngaleso sikhathi.
Namuhla, izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo kanye nabantu abathanda i-ecology babonisa isithakazelo esijulile ocwaningweni lwezitshalo nezilwane, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuzazi kungasisiza ukuthi sifunde okwengeziwe mayelana nemvelo ehlukene ekhona emhlabeni wethu futhi Buyini ubuhlobo phakathi kwazo zonke? Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwazi ngazo kusisiza futhi ukuba silondoloze futhi sivikele izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu ezikhona kanye nesimiso semvelo semvelo esisekhona.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane
Sesikhulume ngakho kuyini izitshalo nezilwane nokuthi lisho ukuthini phakathi kwezinganekwane zamaRoma nokuthi lisho ukuthini namuhla. Nokho, sizophinde sigqamise kancane, ukuthi kusho ukuthini njengamanje uma sikhuluma ngezitshalo nezilwane kanye nokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zazo ezikhona.
Flora
Uma sikhuluma ngezitshalo njengamanje, sibhekise kuzo zonke lezo zidalwa eziphilayo ezingaphansi kombuso wezitshalo, okungukuthi, izihlahla, izimbali nezitshalo ngokuvamile ezisatshalaliswa endaweni ethile, lezi zifunda zingaba izintaba, i-peninsular noma zibhekisele kuzo. izwe lonke noma izwekazi. Kwezinye izimo ezingaqondile kangako, singakhuluma ngezitshalo ezikhona emhlabeni wethu.
Njengezilwane, izitshalo zinamazinga ahlukene ezingafundwa kuwo, ngoba nakuba singakhuluma ngezitshalo zehlathi elithile, singabhekisela nasezimila zezwe lonke lilonke. Ngaphandle kokushiya lutho, singabhekisela ngisho nasezitshalweni ezazikhona phakathi nenkathi ethile yokuma komhlaba noma inkathi ethile futhi siziqhathanise nezabanye.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi izinga esinquma ukulifunda, ekugcineni sizobe sibhekisela ekusatshalalisweni kombuso wezitshalo kuleyo ndawo, ukuthi zihlobana kanjani, ukuthi zenza kanjani kuye ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu okukhona endaweni futhi ekugcineni, ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani. ubudlelwano onabo nezilwane ezihlala endaweni efanayo neyakho.
Namuhla kunenqwaba yamarome esayensi aphethe ucwaningo lwezitshalo ngokujwayelekile, nokho, eyaziwa kakhulu yi-geobotany, ephethe ucwaningo lokusatshalaliswa kwendawo ngayinye yezinhlobo zezitshalo. Ngenxa yezifundo ezenziwa yileli gatsha lesayensi, singakwazi ukwazi ukuthi izitshalo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu azoncika ezinkathini zonyaka, izindawo, isimo sezulu kanye nemvelo ngokujwayelekile.
Manje, sesizokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona zezitshalo futhi yiziphi okwamanje ezihluke kakhulu:
- Izitshalo zomdabu noma ezizimele: Lezi yizo eziphuma ikakhulukazi endaweni ethile, okungukuthi, zikhula ngokwemvelo kuleyo ndawo, ngakho azivamile ukutholakala kwenye indawo ngaphandle kokuba zithulwe ngumuntu.
- Izimbali zokuhlobisa noma zasengadini: lapho sikhuluma ngalezi, sibhekisela kuzo zonke lezo zitshalo umuntu azitshala ezingadini zakhe ngenjongo yobuhle noma yokuzijabulisa.
- Izitshalo zezolimo: sibhekisela kuzo zonke lezo zitshalo, izimbali noma izihlahla umuntu azitshala ukuze zidle, okungukuthi, ngemva kokukhula kwazo, ziyoba ukudla.
- i-fossil flora: Lolu hlobo lwezitshalo lubhekisela kulezo zinsalela zezitshalo okungenzeka zazikhona ezikhathini zasendulo futhi okungenzeka ukuthi azisekho.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, phakathi kokuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo, lawo maqembu ezitshalo ezazingafunwa noma ezanqatshwa umuntu ayecatshangelwa ngoba ayebhekwa ngokuthi “ukhula” noma izitshalo ezingama-parasitic ", ngaleso sikhathi, abantu babekholelwa ukuthi lolu khula. kufanele kuphele ukuba khona. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, lowo mcabango usuqediwe futhi lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo azisabhekwa njengezimbi, njengoba ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi zibalulekile ekulinganiseni kwe-ecosystem.
Fauna
Manje, uma sikhuluma ngezilwane, sikhuluma ngalezo zilwane ezihlala noma ezihlala endaweni ethile futhi ezixhumene noma ezixhunywe uhlobo oluthile lwe-ecosystem. Njengamanje kunesayensi enesibopho sokufunda yonke into ephathelene nezilwane nendawo ezikuyo, lena i-zoogeography. Ngaphakathi kwalolu cwaningo, zonke izinto eziluthintayo zibaliwe, amanzi, izinga lokushisa, isimo sezulu kanye nezinguquko ezingase zihlupheke ezindaweni ezahlukene abahlala kuzo.
Nakuba, uma sibhekisela ezilwaneni njengalezo, senza ngokujwayelekile kuzo zonke izilwane ezihlala emhlabeni, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi izilwane zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu ahlukahlukene okuzoncika emsuka wezinhlobo zezilwane kanye nemvelo. abaphuma kuyo.
Okulandelayo siyazi ngalezi zinhlobo zezilwane:
Izilwane zasendle noma izilwane zasendle
Uma sikhuluma ngalolu hlobo lwezilwane, sibhekisela kuzo zonke lezo zilwane ezizalwa, ezikhula futhi eziphila ngokwemvelo, okungukuthi, azihlangani nomuntu noma ezifuywe nguye. Ngaphakathi kocwaningo lwezilwane zasendle kukhona lezo zilwane ezingaphansi kwe-ecosystem kanye nalezo esezingenisiwe kuyo, okungukuthi, zingabafokazi manje esezingaphansi kwale ecosystem.
Isibonelo sokuchaza ngezilwane zasendle amabhubesi, izinhlobonhlobo izinhlobo zemikhomo, zonke izinyoni zasendle, izinkawu nokunye. Sazise ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane zasendle ezikhona:
- Izilwane zasendle zomdabu: lapho sibhekisela kukho, sikhuluma ngazo zonke lezo zilwane ngokwemvelo eziyingxenye yaleso simiso sezinto eziphilayo, okungukuthi, ezihlale zikhona lapho.
- Izilwane zasendle ze-Allochthonous: Uma sikhuluma ngalesi zilwane sisuke sibhekise kukho konke okungaphesheya, okusho ukuthi nakuba siphila kuleyo mvelo kodwa akusiyo eyakhona ngokwemvelo. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo lwezilwane lulethwe kuleyo ndawo ngabantu, kwezinye izimo bakwenza ngokuqaphela, kodwa kwezinye izimo, basuke bequlekile.
izilwane zasekhaya
Uma sikhuluma ngalolu hlobo lwezilwane, sikhuluma ngazo zonke lezo zilwane umuntu akwazi ukuzifuya, ngokuzigcina zivalelwe endaweni eyodwa noma ngokuzikhulula. Zonke lezi zilwane zihlanganyela isici sokuthi usizo lwazo, umzimba noma izinsiza zisetshenziswa umuntu futhi zixhashazwe ukuze zondle, zisebenze, zidale izingubo zokugqoka, njengezilwane ezifuywayo nokunye.
Ngaphakathi kwezilwane ezifuywayo sinamahhashi, izinkomo, izinja, amakati, onogwaja, izingulube nezinye izilwane ezingasetshenziswa ngendlela eyodwa noma enye.
Ukubaluleka kwezitshalo nezilwane
La ulwazi lwezitshalo nezilwane okubaluleke kakhulu ukubaluleka kwayo ngaphakathi kweplanethi yethu, ngoba ngaphandle kwawo, akekho kithina bantu ongaphila.
Ezitshalweni, zingabakhiqizi bomoya-mpilo thina sonke esingamalungu ezilwane esiwuphefumulayo, kuyilapho izilwane zikhipha isikhutha, esibalulekile ezitshalweni, ngoba ngaso zingakwazi ukufeza i-photosynthesis yazo.
Manje, lapho zibuyela esitshalweni, izitshalo ziyakwazi ukuba abakhiqizi abakhulu phakathi kochungechunge lokudla.Lokhu kusho ukuthi ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza izinto eziphilayo ngokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingaphili. Lena into izilwane ezingenakukwazi ukuyenza, njengoba zingenakukwazi.
Endabeni yezilwane, ziyakwazi ukubuyisela zonke izakhi ezadliwa yi-mimes futhi zizishiye emhlabathini, lapho umjikelezo wokudala izitshalo ezintsha uzoqala khona. Ngakho umjikelezo wokuphila uyaqhubeka.
Ukwazi lokhu, singasho ngokucacile ukuthi ukuze uphile, yomibili le mibuso idinga enye, ngaphandle kweyodwa kule emibili, enye yayingeke ibe khona. Lo mjikelezo uhlanganisa nathi singabantu, ngoba yithina esisizakala futhi sisebenzisa izinsiza ezinikezwa yizilwane nezitshalo ngakho-ke siyingxenye yawo futhi sincike ekubeni khona kokubili ukuze sikwazi ukuqhubeka nakho. ukuphila ngaphakathi kweplanethi enguMhlaba.
Ngakho-ke, kusele kithi, bantu, ukuthi sikwazi ukulondoloza nokunakekela izitshalo nezilwane zethu, ngale ndlela, umjikelezo wokuphila wohlobo ngalunye ngeke uthinteke futhi sizokwazi ukugcina izimpilo zethu njengoba sinakho. kwenziwa iminyaka eyizinkulungwane nezigidi zeminyaka.