Uma kuziwa ekulahlekeni nasekulinyazweni kwezilimo, akungabazeki ukuthi imbangela nokufunwa kakhulu ukuyiqeda yilokhu. impukane semithombo yesembozo. Lokhu, nakuba ekuqaleni kubonakala kungenangozi, kuyakwazi ukwenza buthaka isitshalo, kuze kube seqophelweni lokulahlekelwa ingxenye yaso. Thola lapha ukuthi ungakuqeda kanjani.
I-mulch iyandiza
Ngokunjalo, ekhonjwa ngamagama e-"sciarid fly", "moist fly", "black fly" "substrate fly", i-dipteran enamaphiko noma "fly". Kungokweqembu lemindeni "Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae". Ibonakala njengesinambuzane esincane, esingase sididwe ngisho nomiyane.
Ivamise ukuvezwa eduze kwezinhlobonhlobo Izinhlobo zenhlabathi noma ku-substrate, ngakho-ke yilapho ezinye zezingcingo zabo zivela khona. Iyakwazi ukubangela umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni noma ezitshalweni, ingagcini ngokuzimisa ngisho nasezimbizeni. Ukugcizelela ukuthi kusesigabeni noma esigabeni sezibungu, lapho lezi ziphazamiso noma izinguquko ezimbi ziqala khona ngempela.
Lokhu kwenzeka, ngoba ukondla kuthatha umanyolo ophilayo, kusukela empandeni, kusukela esiqwini, amaqabunga, umquba, izinwele zezimpande. Ngenkathi, nxazonke, ithatha entweni ebolayo, esikhunjeni, isikhunta, uqobo, ukudla kwayo yikho konke.
Phakathi nokukhula kwazo ngokuvamile azisuki endaweni ezungezile, futhi azibonisi umonakalo ezitshalweni, ngoba azizihlaseli, zicasula abantu kuphela. Ukucabangela ukuthi bangasondela emakhaya nanoma iyiphi indawo, ngoba ukukhanya abangakubona kuveza isithakazelo esaziwayo.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi lapho i- impukane semithombo yesembozo uyaphakamisa, unekhono kakhulu lokuba sendaweni eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Umjikelezo wokuphila waso uhlobene eduze nomswakama, ngakho lapho isitshalo sisesincane, siba nesigameko esiphezulu kakhulu. Ikhono layo lokuzala lilula futhi liyashesha, ngoba lokhu kudinga kuphela indawo yokufudumala okuphelele nomswakama. Isimo esenzayo, esingaba khona phakathi nezinyanga eziyishumi nambili zonyaka, kuye ngendawo kanye nezici zesimo sezulu.
moss fly umjikelezo wempilo
Lezi zikhula ngezigaba ezine, ngemva kokukhwelana, okungahlala imizuzu eyishumi, lapho i- impukane semithombo yesembozo insikazi isikhathi ngasinye, ingabekela amaqanda angaba ngamashumi amahlanu, isamba esingafika kumakhulu amathathu, kube yilawo achazwe ngezansi:
- I-egg: Kuthatha izinsuku ezine kuya kweziyisithupha ukuchanyuselwa.
- isibungu: Isikhathi saso sihlanganisa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa neziyishumi, lapho zidla lokho okubizwa ngokuthi into ephilayo yesitshalo, njengempande nesiqu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi nalesi sigaba, ukundiza kwesando ngokuvamile ngisho nokungena empandeni nesiqu ngokwaso, kubangele umonakalo omkhulu.
Iphinde idle nge-organic matter esesimweni sokubola kanye nesikhunta esingase sibe khona, ngaphandle kokushiya isikhunta esingase sibe khona esivame ukungashodi. Umbala wazo umhlophe futhi ufana nempethu, ngakho-ke zinde futhi azinayo imilenze. Kulesi sigaba zidla ngokweqile ngoba yikho okuzisiza ukuthi zikhule futhi ubukhulu bazo bushintsha ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Pupa: Lesi simo ngokuvamile sithatha isikhathi esiphezulu sezinsuku ezinhlanu futhi yilapho isibungu simbozwe nge-capsule ensundu noma ebomvu. Phakathi nalezi zinsuku ayidli futhi ayinyakazi, ngoba ukuguqulwa kwe-metamorphosis kwenzeka, okuyindlela yokuya ebudaleni.
Kulokhu imilenze namaphiko athuthukile, kanye nekhanda layo, i-thorax nesisu. Lapho izinsuku seziphelile, i-hammer fly ingashiya ikhava ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
- Ubudala: Lesi sigaba sithatha phakathi kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi, lapho ukukhwelana nokufa kwenzeka.
Ukuphila okude kwe-Hammer fly
Umjikelezo wokuphila walesi silwane usibeka phakathi kweziyishumi ezinesigaba esiphelele esinciphe kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi fly isando, njengoba isesiteji samaqanda, ekuqaleni kwesigaba, kuze kube sekupheleni kokukhula, kuthatha cishe inyanga.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwenani lezinsuku kuncike kakhulu esimweni sezulu endaweni yesitshalo lapho kutholakala khona ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sinambuzane. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi izici ozidingayo ukuze uzuze inqubo yilezi:
- lokushisa ekamelweni elifudumele
- Ukukhanya noma ukwenzeka kwemisebe yeLanga
- Umswakama
- Indawo ekahle lapho ungathola khona noma ubeke amaqanda, lapho izibungu zinokudla okuzokhula khona
Lapho esekhulile, ingabe ushada izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa?
Uma i ndiza semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla Insikazi ishiya i-capsule ngemva kokuguqulwa kwayo, njengoba isikhulile, ikwazi ukukhwelana izikhathi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungakho, kulesi sigaba sokugcina sokuphila kwayo, ikwazi ukumumatha amaqanda angamakhulu amathathu, ikwazi ukubeka cishe amashumi amahlanu ekubekeni ngakunye.
Ingabe isitshalo singakwazi ukusekela isigaba sempilo esingaphezu kwesisodwa sokundiza kwesando?
Kunoma yisiphi isitshalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sivuniwe noma sikhule ngokuvamile futhi sihlobisa, kungase kube icala lokuthi ngaphezu kwesigaba esisodwa somjikelezo wempilo wesitshalo senziwa noma sithuthukiswe. fly isando. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka, isikhathi esifushane esisobala kakhulu esenzeka phakathi komjikelezo owodwa nomunye. Kwenzeka, ukuze kube khona kokubili amaqanda, izibungu, iziphungumangathi kanye nabantu abadala endaweni abalungele ukubeka, esitshalweni esifanayo.
Yingakho, ukuze uziqothule, ngemva kokuzihlonza, kudingekile kakhulu ukuziqapha ngokwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe noma okuvamile. Ngakho-ke, kuyatuseka ukuthi uqinisekise kahle kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeke kanjani ukuwaqeda endaweni ehlushwa yilesi simo. Khumbula ukuthi isikhathi esihle sokuzinza kulezi zikhathi, yilapho Umswakama ikhona endaweni ezungezile.
Izici zempukane ye-mulch
Izici zayo yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Kungokwemindeni ye-Mycetophilidae (impukane noma umiyane) kanye ne-Scaridae (impukane ehlala endaweni enomswakama).
- Umjikelezo wokuphila kwawo ufingqwa ngezigaba zeqanda, isibungu, isiphungumangathi kanye nokuba umuntu omdala, okwenzeka ekuphileni okude okufingqiwe okungeqi inyanga eyodwa.
- Usayizi omdala okhulayo impukane semithombo yesembozo, ngokuvamile aweqi amamilimitha amane, nokho, ngendlela engayodwa noma engavamile, angatholakala amamilimitha ayisithupha.
- Umbala osesimweni sezibungu, njengesibungu, njengoba unwetshiwe, unekhanda elimnyama kanti enye imhlophe, ilinganiselwa kumamilimitha ayisithupha. Uma iguquguquka njenge-pupa, imbozwa i-capsule ensundu ukuya kokubomvu. Nakuba, lapho isikhulile futhi inikezwa ikhanda, isifuba kanye nesisu, namapheya ayo emilenze namaphiko, inombala onsundu noma ngisho nompunga obumnyama.
- I-mulch indiza phakathi nesigaba sayo sokugcina sokuphila ikhangwa ukukhanya, okuyisizathu esiyikhuthaza ukuba ivakashele abantu endaweni abahlala kuyo.
- Indawo yayo ekahle yakhiwe yileyo lapho kutholakala khona umswakama oyigugu, kokubili endaweni kanye naku-substrate. Lokhu kuyenza izinze ekudleni okukhulu noma ezitshalweni zokuhlobisa, ingahloniphi ngisho izivande noma amabhodwe.
- Iyakwazi ukuba buthakathaka, ibune futhi ibangele ukufa esitshalweni, ngoba izibungu zaso ngokuvamile zihlasela kusukela empandeni.
- Idala umonakalo esitshalweni kuphela ngenkathi isesigabeni sezibungu, ngakho-ke njengomuntu omdala, imane ilinganisele ekukhiqizeni futhi ihluphe abantu, ingabangeli ukuphazamiseka okuqondile.
Ukulimala okuqondile nokungaqondile okubangelwa impukane yenhlabathi engaphezulu
Lolu bhubhane lwezitshalo ludala izimo ezehlukene ezitshalweni, lapho lezo ezithathwa njengeziqondile kuyilezo ezizibangela ngaphakathi. Phakathi kwalokhu yisigameko lapho isibungu sempukane semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla sifika empandeni lapho sidla. Ngokufanayo, kukhona ukusabela kwayo esiqwini ngisho namaqabunga, lapho into yokuqala iwukuthi ivimbela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-rhizosphere", okuyisenzo nomphumela phakathi kwempande yesitshalo ne-substrate.
Lo mphumela yikho okwenza ukuthi izimpande zesitshalo zithathe izakhi ezibalulekile namanzi avela ku-substrate ukuze zizigcine futhi zifeze ukuthuthukiswa kwazo. Ukuba-ke isizathu esenza ukuthi isitshalo sibonise ukuwohloka kanye nobuthakathaka obuqhubekayo. Lokhu ngaphandle kokushiya eceleni iqiniso lokuthi isibungu singakwazi ukudla ngqo esiqwini futhi sibhoboze.
Lapho lezi zimbobo zidaliwe, isitshalo singaphathwa yizifo ikakhulukazi ngoba kusiza ukungena kwesikhunta. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho uhlelo lwezimpande noma iqoqo lezimpande isitshalo esinalo lithinteka, amathuba okufa aseduze. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inenkinga yokungenisa amanzi nezakhamzimba ezitholakala ku-substrate.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umonakalo ongaqondile yilawo isibungu esifanayo impukane semithombo yesembozo ikhiqiza kulokho okuseduze nesitshalo, njengoba kunjalo:
- Gqugquzela ukusakazeka kwezibungu (izicabucabu ezincane).
- Yenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwama-nematodes noma ama-parasites ezihlasela njalo.
- Vumela amagciwane ukuthi azibonakalise.
- Thanda isikhunta esivamile, esixutshwe ku-substrate namanzi, ukuze sisebenze ngamandla amakhulu, silimaza izimpande zayo.
Indlela yokuvimbela nokubala ukufika kwempukane ye-mulch?
Ikakhulukazi, kuyadingeka ukuthi umswakama we-substrate ulawulwe, ngoba lokhu kuyindlela ekahle yokukhiqiza kabusha. Ukuqaphela ukuthi i-mulch iyandiza zilenga eduze kwezitshalo noma izitshalo, kubalulekile ukuziqapha ukuze kwaziwe ukuthi bangakanani abantu balezi zindawo endaweni. Enye indlela yokulinganisa inani ukubeka lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amakhadi aphuzi anamathelayo.
Lezi kufanele zisakazwe ku-substrate, eduze kakhulu nezitshalo ezibonakala zithinta. Ngale ndlela, ngemva kokuthola abantu abadala ekhadini, unombono wokuthi isimo sokuhlasela sibucayi kangakanani. Enye indlela ukusabalalisa izingcezu zamazambane eziheha izibungu, okwazi ngazo ukubona ngeso lengqondo inani labantu abangaba khona. Ukuthatha isinyathelo esilandelayo, okuwukuqothula noma ngezindlela zasekhaya uma kungenakunzima, noma ngokusebenzisa ama-chemical agents uma kunesidingo.
Indlela ukususa fly kusukela umswakama?
Ukufuna ukuqothulwa, kwalaba bantu izinhlobo zezinambuzane, ethinta izitshalo, iphathwa ngezindlela ezintathu ezilandelayo:
Ngendlela yemvelo
Lapho isigameko noma ubukhona be impukane semithombo yesembozo Akubalulekile, ungasebenzisa amakhadi aphuzi aphuzi ashiwo ngenhla, aheha abantu abadala futhi angabavumeli ukuba baphume. Ngokufanayo, ukunciphisa umswakama we-substrate kuvimbela ukuphila kwezibungu. Ukusetshenziswa kwe "vermiculite" phezulu kwe-substrate akuvumeli abantu abadala ukuthi babeke amaqanda abo, kuyilapho "amafutha e-neem" afuthwe emaqabunga esitshalo anciphisa abantu abadala ukuba basondele.
Ngokulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo
Okwesinambuzane impukane semithombo yesembozo, njengakwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo kuhlanganiswe. Ukuba nalokhu kulokhu okunye kokulandelayo:
- hypoaspis miles: Yimvukuzane edla izibungu neziphungumangathi.
- I-Steinernema feltiae: Kuyisikelemu esihlasela zonke izinambuzane.
- i-atheta coriaria: Isilokazana esidla izimpukane ezindala.
- I-Coenosia attenuata: Isinambuzane esiyimpukane esidla isihlobo saso esikhulile.
ngama-chemical agents
Sebenzisa umswakama fly insecticide, iyona eyeqisayo futhi yilapho ukulawulwa kungenakwenzeka futhi ukulimala kwezitshalo kudume kabi. Okusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi kudayiswe emakethe yi-"Cypermethrin 10%", ngesincomo sokuthi kusetshenziswe imiyalelo esungulwe umenzi. Ukugcizelela ukuthi umuntu ozoyiphatha kumele avikeleke ngokwanele futhi ngokuphelele ukuze agweme ukuthintana nomkhiqizo. Lokhu kungenxa yezinga lobuthi elilethela abantu.
