Uma umuntu ejabule futhi ngemva kwemizuzwana angakwazi ukushintsha isimo sakhe sengqondo, kuhlobene nesimo sengqondo, esingahlukaniswa imfundiso yemizwa lokho kuzochazwa kabanzi kulesi sihloko, ungaphuthelwa.
Imizwa ingaba nomthelela omuhle noma omubi ekuziphatheni komuntu.
Ithiyori yemizwa
Imizwa iyizigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinezici ezihlukahlukene ezingenelelayo futhi zibonakala ezinguqukweni ezahlukene zomzimba nezingokwengqondo ezibuye zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekucabangeni nasekuziphatheni komuntu. Indawo yesayensi yezenhlalo ijulise ucwaningo ngemizwa yabantu, lapho i-psychology inethonya ngenxa yeqhaza layo elikhulu kulo mkhakha.
Imizwelo isuka ohlelweni lwe- limbic yobuchopho, ihambisana neyodwa yamanethiwekhi ezinzwa ahlobene ngokuqondile nokuziphatha komuntu, ngoba kuthonya izinguquko ezihlukahlukene zemizwa ezingase zenzeke kumuntu.
Uhlobo lwethiyori yemizwa
Kuthiyori yemizwa ungathola izinhlobonhlobo zezifundo ezenziwa ngochwepheshe endaweni; izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nezazi zesintu lapho zisho khona imiqondo ehlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa okungafundwa. Imibono yokuqala yemizwa ingagxiliswa ezigabeni ezintathu:
- Ezomzimba yilezo eziveza ukuthi izimpendulo phakathi komzimba zinesibopho sokuphazamiseka kwemizwa.
- I-neurological, yilezo eziphikisa ukuthi ukunyakaza ngaphakathi kobuchopho kuholela ekuphenduleni okunamandla kwemizwa.
- Ezongqondongqondo yilezo eziphakamisa ukuthi ukunyakaza nokunye okuguquguqukayo kobuchopho kunendima ebalulekile ekudwebeni kwemizwa.
Mfundi othandekayo, sikumema ngokufudumele ukuthi uvakashele futhi ulandele indatshana yethu ethi izingcaphuno zokukhuthaza komuntu siqu futhi uzokwazi ukufunda okwengeziwe mayelana namathuluzi ahlukene wemizwa kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuphila.
imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Isikhundla sokuziphendukela kwemvelo sihlanganiswe endaweni yomlando lapho imizwa isakazeka khona; Ngokombono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo komzwelo, imizwa ikhona ngoba ithuthukisa ukusetshenziswa.
Zisenza siphendule ngokushesha ekukhohliseni endaweni, okusivumela ukuthi sithuthukise amathuba ethu okuphumelela nokuphikelela.
UCharles Darwin uyena owadalula ukuthi imizwa ilandele inqubekelaphambili ngoba ishintshashintsha futhi ivumela abantu nezilwane ukuba ziphile futhi zande.
Imizwelo yothando nokuzinikela yenza abantu bafune umngane wabo womshado futhi bande. Imizwa yokwesaba idinga abantu ukuba bacasule noma bagweme umthombo wengozi.
Ukuqonda nokuhlonza imizwa yabanye ngendlela efanayo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelweni nasekumelaneni. Ngokukwazi ukucacisa izinkulumo zothando zabanye abantu singakwazi, ukuveza ubungozi kusenesikhathi nangcono.
Ithiyori kaJames-Lange
Ithiyori ye-James-Lange iwukucabangela mayelana nomgomo, indawo ezungezile, nokudluliswa kwemizwelo. Lolu cwaningo lwahlongozwa nguWilliam James noCarl Lange ngokufana, kodwa ngabanye ngo-1884.
Inkolelo ka-James-Lange iphakamisa ukuthi i-cerebral cortex iphakamisa futhi ichaze ukuyenga kwezinzwa okukhuthaza imizwa, okubangela izinguquko ezithweni ze-visceral ngohlelo oluzimele lwezinzwa kanye nasemisipheni yohlaka ngohlelo lwezinzwa lwe-somatic.
Ithiyori ibeka ukuthi, njengokuphikisa ukusetshenziswa kanye nokugqugquzela, uhlelo oluzimele lwezinzwa ludala ukuphikiswa komzimba njengokudwengula, ukungezwani kwemisipha, ukusheshisa kwe-cardiorespiratory lapho imizwa iphindaphindwa khona.
ULange waze wathi ukuguqulwa kwe-vasomotor kwakuyimizwa. Ithiyori kaJames-Lange yomzwelo iphakamisa ukuthi imizwa yenzeke njengomphumela wokusabela okusebenzayo ezenzakalweni.
Ngokuqondile, njengoba kwenzeka izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene, isimiso sezinzwa sivula ukusabela ngokomzimba kulezi zenzakalo. Isenzo somzwelo sizolalela Ngabe lokhu kusabela komzimba kuhunyushwa kanjani?
Izinhlobo zalezi zenzo ziqukethe ukwanda kwesisu esithukuthele, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukuthuthumela, phakathi kwezinye izimpawu. Lezi zenzo zomzimba zithwala okunye ukusabela emizweni efana nokudabuka, ukwesaba nentukuthelo.
Ithiyori ye-Schachter-Singer
Ithiyori ye-Schachter-Singer yemizwa yandiswa nguStanley Schachter kanye noJerome E. Singer. Lapho bebhekisela endleleni yokuqonda efana nethiyori ye-Cannon-Bard kanye nethiyori kaJames-Lange, okuyinhlanganisela yazo zombili izinkolelo-mbono ukuphakamisa inkolelo-mbono yabo.
Lo mbono ubeka ukuthi abantu baheha imizwa esekelwe ekuphenduleni komzimba. Imininingwane ebucayi itholakala ekuchazeni kanye nesimo sayo lapho abantu beveza khona izimpendulo zabo, okungukuthi, i-tributary yefilosofi kanye ne-cognitive tributary.
Laba basebenzi bahlongoza ukuthi uma uhlelo ludala umdlandla wokuphila, sivame ukuthola isizathu sokujabula; khona-ke imizwa iyasetshenziswa futhi imakwe, kuthathwe kumbono kaCannon, iphakamisa izimpendulo ezifanele ezisebenzayo ezingavusa imizwa eyahlukene.
Isibonelo somzwelo esibhekisela kwikhwalithi umuntu abhekana nayo sisungulwa ngokuhlolwa kwengqondo kwezimo.
Ithiyori ye-Cannon-Bard yemizwa
Ithiyori ye-Cannon-Bard yomzwelo yavela izazi ze-physiologists uWalter Cannon noPhilip Bard; UWalter Cannon akavumelani nesiphakamiso somzwelo sikaJames-Lange ngamaphuzu amaningana.
I-Cannon ihlongoze ukuthi abantu baphathe ukwazisa izenzo zemvelo ezihlobene nemizwa ngaphandle kokukhulelwa leyo mizwelo; Ngokufanayo, uveze ukuthi ukuphikiswa ngokomzwelo kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu ukuze kube yimikhiqizo yesimo somzimba.
Uqale washo umbono wakhe ngeminyaka yawo-1920s futhi umsebenzi wakhe wabuye wathuthukiswa isazi sokusebenza komzimba uPhilip Bard ngeminyaka yawo-1930.
Ngokuya ngethiyori ye-Cannon-Bard yomzwelo, ibhekisela ekuzweleni imizwa kanye nokubabona izenzo zomzimba ezifana nokuthuthumela, ukujuluka, kanye nokuqina kwemisipha ngokuhambisana.
Lolu cwaningo lusikisela ukuthi imizwelo iyathuthukiswa lapho i-thalamus ithumela umlayezo ebuchosheni ngenxa yokushoshozela.Ngasikhathi sinye, ubuchopho bumunca amasignali asheshisa isimiso somzwelo; isho ukuthi umkhuba ongokomzimba nongokwengqondo womzwelo wenzeka ngokuhambisana nokuthi owodwa awuveli omunye.
Ithiyori Yokuhlola Ingqondo
URichard Lazarus wayengumhloli wamazwe kulo mkhakha wemizwelo, ngokwezinkolelo-mbono zokuhlolwa komqondo womzwelo, ukucabanga kufanele kwenzeke kuqala ngaphambi kokwazisa imizwelo. Lesi yisizathu esenza ukuthi i-hypothesis ibonwe njengethiyori kaLazaru yemizwa.
Ngokuyisisekelo, kubhekiselwa lapho umuntu enza umsebenzi oshukunyiswa ugqozi lwangaphakathi futhi emunca umvuzo, lokhu kudala ukwehla kwesisusa sangaphambilini sangaphakathi.
Ngokwalolu cwaningo, uchungechunge lwezinhlelo luhilela ukungeniswa kuqala, kulandelwa imibono, okuholela ngokushesha ekuhlangenwe nakho okuhambisanayo kokuphendula okusebenzayo kanye nemizwelo.
Okusho ukuthi, uma uthola ibhubesi ehlathini, ungaqala ukucabanga ukuthi usenkingeni enkulu futhi usengozini. Lokhu kuholela ekuhlangenwe nakho okungokomzwelo kokwesaba kanye nezenzo zomzimba ezihlobene nokulwa noma impendulo yendiza.
Mfundi othandekayo, siphakamisa ngenhlonipho enkulu ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko ukugqugquzela kwangaphakathi futhi uzokwazi ukwazi umehluko wazo zombili izisusa.
ithiyori yempendulo yobuso yomzwelo
Ithiyori yempendulo yobuso ibeka ukuthi ukucabanga kobuso kungangenelela ekusebenzeni kwemizwelo. Abasekeli balolu cwaningo babonisa ukuthi imizwa ikhathazekile ngokucacile ngokushintsha kwemisipha yobuso.
Okungukuthi, umuntu angathuthukisa isimo sakhe sengqondo ngokumamatheka; ngendlela efanayo kungenzeka ngenye indlela kungaba kubi kakhulu uma uhwaqabala.
Ngakho-ke, i-corollary emangalisayo kakhulu yale nkolelo-mbono ingaba ukwakheka kwemizwa ngokuklama ebusweni, ngendlela yamabomu, noma yiziphi izinkumbulo zayo ezikhethekile kakhulu.
UCharles Darwin wayengomunye wababhali abayinhloko ukukhombisa ukuthi izinguquko zomzimba ezibangelwa imizwa zaba nomthelela osheshayo ngokwengxenye ngoba zaziwumphumela walowo mzwelo kuphela.
Kulolu hlelo olufanayo, uWilliam James wathi, ngokuphambene nokuqinisekiswa okuvamile, ulwazi lokushintshana kwe-anatomical okuqhutshwa isikhuthazo kuwumzwelo. Ngakho, uma izinguquko zokwakheka kwezakhi zomzimba zingaxazululeki, uyoba nomcabango ohlakaniphile kuphela, ontula imfudumalo engokomzwelo.
Ithiyori kaVygotsky yemizwa
Ithiyori ye-sociocultural ka-Vygotsky ibeka iphimbo ekungeneleleni okumatasa kwezingane ezinomongo ozizungezile, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo kuwumkhiqizo wenqubo yokuhlanganyela.
UVygotsky wagcizelela ukuthi izingane zivame ukufunda ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana nabantu: bathola ezinye izinhlobo zamakhono okuqonda njengento enengqondo yokucwiliswa kwabo endleleni yokuphila. Benza izingane ukuthi zikwazi ukwenza amakhono amanje nokuziphatha kwesintu esizizungezile, zijwayelane nazo.
Ngokuka-Vygotsky, indima yabantu abadala noma ontanga ethuthuke kakhulu elokusekela, ukuqondiswa kanye nokusabalalisa ukufunda kwengane, ngesikhathi ikwazi ukunqoba lezi zici, ukuba nezakhiwo zokuziphatha kanye nengqondo edingwa ukushesha.
Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kuphephe kakhudlwana ukuthembisa usizo kwabancane ukuze badlule indawo yentuthuko eseduze, esiyoyithola ukuze sicabange lokho abangeke bakwazi ukukufeza bebodwa.
Ngezinga okufinyelelwa ngalo ukugadwa, ukubambisana, nokuzibophezela ekufundiseni, ingane ithuthuka kalula odwendweni nasekuqinisekiseni amalungiselelo ayo amasha nokufunda.
Ukubaluleka kwemizwa
Imizwa noma imizwelo ibalulekile empilweni yomuntu, ngoba iveza izwe elimzungezile.
Bachaza indlela umuntu angaphakathi ngayo kanye nemvelo ukuze uzazi yena nakho konke okuhlobene nokuziphatha komuntu.
Ukubonakaliswa kwale mizwa kuphawulwa kubo bonke abantu, bethola izinkulumo ezihlukene ebusweni njengesenzo esingagwemeki kalula.
Ukunyakaza kwemisipha ngayinye yanoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, okuhlanganisa izinguquko ezivame ukwenzeka ezwini noma ekukhulumeni lapho ukhala.
