Ama-Aymaras umphakathi wendabuko owasungulwa ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zase-Andean eNingizimu Melika, okuthile okukhethekile ngawo uphawu lwawo olufanekiselwa kufulegi le-Wiphala. Ngakho-ke, ungaphuthelwa ithuba lokufunda ngokusebenzisa lesi sihloko, konke mayelana Ifulegi le-Aymara nalokho okusizungezile.
Liyini ifulegi le-Aymara Wiphala futhi limelelani?
I-Wiphala iyifulege futhi incazelo yalokhu iyinhlanganisela yonke yemibono, kuthiwani uma uqinisekile ukuthi leli bheji limelela izinkolelo mayelana nemvelaphi yokuphila kanye nezwe lamaqembu ezizwe zase-Andean eNingizimu Melika, eyasungulwa eBolivia futhi I-Peru, kodwa futhi ingxenye yala madolobha ingatholakala eChile, e-Argentina nase-Ecuador.
Umklamo waleli fulegi wakhiwe ngezikwele ezingu-49 (7×7), ezisatshalaliswa ngemibala engu-7 ehlukene, ezinye zibhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi zimelela uthingo oluba khona lapho imisebe yelanga inqamula imvula; Kumele kugcizelelwe ukuthi iLanga laliwumfanekiso obaluleke kakhulu wabantu base-Andean eNingizimu Melika.
Leli fulegi lihlanganisa namagugu amabili ayisisekelo abantu bomdabu esifundeni sase-Andean: umgomo wokusebenza kwendawo yonke (Pachakama) kanye noMama Womhlaba (Pachamama), owakha indawo, isikhathi, amandla kanye nomhlaba, yingakho incazelo ye-Wiphala iphelele. Ngokunjalo, leli bheji lihlotshaniswa namagugu okusekela, ubuzalwane nomphakathi.
Leli fulegi linokwehluka okuhlukile, nokho-ke, elaziwa kakhulu lalokhu yileli elinomugqa omhlophe oyidiagonal phakathi kwawo, insignia yabantu bomdabu kanye nophawu lokumelana. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi la madolobha, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, anezinhlobonhlobo ezingu-4 zalokhu, lapho imigqa enemibala isakazwa endaweni ehluke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, njengoba isifunda ngasinye sine-Wiphala yaso enomugqa onemibala ehlukene phakathi naso, lezi:
- antisuyo: Inomugqa oluhlaza.
- Cuntisuyo: Inomugqa ophuzi.
- i-collasuyo: Inomthende ngoMhlophe.
- chinchaysuyo: inomugqa ngombala Obomvu.
Umsuka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwefulegi le-Aymara
Umsuka womlando we-wiphala awaziwa nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi izici ezibalulekile zomklamo we-wipala zazikhona kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kwe-Columbian, kubantu bomdabu abaxhunywe kuma-Inca noma abantu bomdabu abahlala ezindaweni zase-Andean eNingizimu Melika.
Lo mphakathi wasendulo wawungenalo ulwazi ngokuthi ifulege liyini, nokho, baqala ukusebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwezimpawu noma uphawu, futhi kwaze kwaba yilapho kufika amaSpanishi kula mazwe lapho kwethulwa khona lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi ifulege.
Kubalulekile ukugqamisa ukuthi ukuklanywa kwe-Wiphala kungabonwa kwezobuciko bomdabu kanye nobuciko bamakoloni, okubonisa ukuba khona kwezindwangu nezinye izinsimbi lapho umklamo we-wiphala uboniswa khona. Phakathi kwalezi zinto ezitholakele, singabala okulandelayo:
- Into emise okwebhanela ethuneni elineminyaka engama-800 ubudala esifundeni saseChanqay, esisogwini olumaphakathi nePeru.
- I-wiphala enombala etsheni, esendaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-Wantirani, esifundeni saseQppakati Manko Kapajk eLa Paz-Bolivia.
- I-Wiphala eduze kwezindwangu e-Koroma ezivela ezikhathini zangaphambi kobukoloni, esifundeni sase-Quijarro e-Potosí - Bolivia.
Naphezu kokuba leli phethini lalisetshenziswa ezikhathini zasendulo futhi lisagcinwe abantu base-Aymara, kwaze kwaba ngo-1970 lapho ukusetshenziswa kwaleli fulegi kwaqala ukusabalala emazweni amaningi ase-Andean nasemhlabeni. Lokhu kwakubangelwa ukugqugquzelwa kanye nemibhikisho yezinyunyana zabalimi bomdabu, okwenzeka eBolivia ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngakho, phakathi nonyaka we-1987, iqembu labacwaningi laqala umsebenzi wokuphenya nokuhlola izimpawu zamasiko aseTahuantinsuyo, kanye namarekhodi abonisa ukuba khona nokuthuthukiswa kwe-wiphala; Kungalolu cwaningo lapho kwaziwa khona ukuhlukahluka okuhlukile kwaleli fulegi elishiwo ngenhla.
Ukwengeza, kungashiwo ukuthi i-etymology yenkulumo ethi Wiphala ikhiqizwa ku-Wiphay (okuyizwi lokunqoba) kanye ne-laphaqi (eqondwa njengokugeleza kwento ethambile emoyeni), izinkulumo ezimbili zolimi lwesi-Aymara.
Ifulege le-Aymara noma i-wiphala, ngokwemikhuba yase-Andean, kufanele liphakanyiswe kuyo yonke imicimbi yezenhlalo namasiko yale miphakathi efana nalena:
- Imihlangano yamalungu omphakathi wakwa-Ayllu.
- Emishadweni, ekuzalweni, emibhabhadiso yase-Andean, emingcwabeni, phakathi kokunye.
Ngokunjalo, lokhu kusetshenziswa emikhosini emikhulu emikhosini nasezenzweni zomphakathi zedolobha, njengokulandelayo:
- Izenzo zomkhiqizo.
- Imidlalo ye-Wallunk'a emidlalweni yokuzijabulisa neyokuncintisana i-Atipasina.
- Izinsuku zomlando ezifana nomkhosi wezinkomo.
- Ukudluliselwa komyalo weziphathimandla esikhathini ngasinye.
Ibuye isetshenziswe emidansweni nasemidansweni, njengasemikhosini ka-Anatá noma ye-Pujllay. Ngakho-ke, njengasekupheleni kokwakhiwa, kungaba yindlu noma yisiphi isakhiwo esasungulwa edolobheni.
Imibala yefulegi le-Aymara nencazelo yayo
Okulandelayo, incazelo yemibala yefulegi le-Aymara iyachazwa, efanekisela ukulingana nokuthula kulamadolobhana, lezi:
- I-Rojo: umhlaba futhi ifanekisela igama lomuntu wase-Andean, inqubekelaphambili yobuhlakani kanye ne-cosmology.
- I-Naranja: ihlanganisa lokho umphakathi namasiko, ngakho imele ukubonakaliswa kwesiko, ukongiwa kanye nokukhiqizwa komuntu; yimpilo nemithi, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nemfundo, umkhuba wamasiko osomabhizinisi abasha.
- Amarillo: kungamandla namandla, ukubonakaliswa kwezisekelo zokuziphatha, kuwukuhlakanipha kwePachakama nePachamama: ububili, izimiso nemithetho, ubuchwepheshe obuhlangene bobuzalwane kanye nokusekelwa komuntu.
- Mhlophe: yisikhathi kanye nengqondo, kuwukubonakaliswa kwenqubekelaphambili kanye nokuguquguquka okuqhubekayo komphakathi e-Andes, ukuvela kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuciko, umsebenzi wengqondo nobuciko odala ukuxhumana nokuvumelana ngaphakathi kwenhlangano Yezenhlalakahle.
- oluhlaza: imele umnotho wase-Andean nokukhiqizwa, ingcebo yemvelo yendawo kanye nomhlabathi ongaphansi, izitshalo nezilwane eziyisipho.
- Azul: umkhathi ongapheli, ukubonakaliswa kwamaqembu ezinkanyezi kanye nezimo zemvelo.
- I-Violet: Ipolitiki yase-Andean kanye nesimo sengqondo samanje siwukubonakaliswa kwesizinda somphakathi esivumelanayo sase-Andes; ithuluzi loMbuso njengenhlangano ephakeme, izikhungo zezenhlalakahle, zamasiko nezomnotho, isiqondiso nokuphathwa kwabantu nezwe.
Izinhlangothi zefulegi nezikwele zangaphakathi zigcina ukufana ncamashi, kubhekiselwa ekulinganeni nasekuvumelanani ebuningini babantu base-Andean. Ukwengeza, kunezindlela ezahlukene zokuqonda ifulege; Ngakho, alisetshenziswanga nje njengebheji kodwa futhi njengekhalenda lasezulwini. Ukwengeza, izikwele zangaphakathi ze-Wiphala zizomela izisekelo ezingu-5 zokuziphatha zomphakathi wase-Andean:
- Ungavilaphi
- ungakhulumi amanga
- Ungebi
- Ungabulali
- ningabi namanyala
Wiphala namuhla
Kunamazwe amaningi lapho leli fulegi le-Aymara lingavezwa khona, njengakulo lonke elaseBolivia nasePeru, ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho ye-Argentina neChile, entshonalanga yeParaguay nasezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ye-Ecuador.
E-Bolivia, ikakhulukazi ku Ngo-2008, uhulumeni waseBolivia ngaphansi kokuphathwa kuka-Evo Morales waqaphela ngokomthetho ifulegi le-Aymara njengophawu laleli zwe, yingakho libonakala ngisho nasezikhungweni zomphakathi, ezemfundo nakwezinye. Lokhu kuvame ukuhambisana nefulegi elingu-tricolor laleli zwe lase-Andean eliphakanyiswe kwesokunxele salo.
E-Chile, kumasipala we-Alto Hospicio, omemezele umasipala we-pluricultural, kwanqunywa yinyunyana ukuthi ihloniphe i-Wiphala njengebheji likamasipala, okumele liphakanyiswe ngefulegi lezwe kanye nefulegi likamasipala; Lokhu kuhlonishwa kwaletha ukusungulwa komgwamanda wezindaba zomdabu.
E-Argentina, leli fulegi ngokuvamile laziwa ngokuthi "ifulegi lezizwe zomdabu" futhi imiphakathi ethile (eqhelelene nokuxhunyaniswa nesiko lama-Aymara), ilamukele njengophawu lwayo.
Ezindaweni eziningi, i-Wiphala isetshenziswa njengophawu lokumelana nokubhikisha emzabalazweni wamalungelo abantu boMdabu baseMelika.
Uma uthole kuthakazelisa lesi sihloko se-Aymara Flag, sikumema ukuthi ujabulele lezi ezinye: