Ama-tsunami, kukhona abawabiza ngokuthi ulaka lolwandle. Ziyizigigaba ezilimazayo kulezo zindawo ezibhekana nazo, zifinyelela isivinini samagagasi esisondele ku-800 km/h. Zibangelwa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo noma ukunyakaza komhlaba ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngalolu suku Sizokwethula ngama-tsunami amakhulu kakhulu futhi acekela phansi kakhulu emhlabeni.
Igama elithi tsunami belilokhu lidlondlobala njengoba belibizwa kanjalo, amagagasi olwandle. Akhiqizwa ngaphakathi umphumela wokunyakaza okuma mpo kwebhlokhi yoqweqwe lolwandle, okuholela ekuthutheni kwamanzi amaningi. Lezi zenzakalo zemvelo zibonakala ngamagagasi amakhulu nanamandla angafinyelela kumamitha angu-30.
Usuku Novemba 5 njalo ngonyaka, kusukela ngo-2015 i-General Assembly yeZizwe Ezihlangene, yaqoka lolu suku njengo Usuku Lomhlaba Lokuqwashisa Nge-Tsunami. Kunezinkulungwane zabantu abalahlekelwe izimpilo zabo ngenxa yalezi zigigaba. Zingomunye wemiphumela yemvelo eyonakalisayo eyaziwayo, ecekela phansi yonke into enqamula indlela yabo, izimpilo, amakhaya, izinkampani, amadolobha wonke.
Iyini i-tsunami futhi idalwe kanjani?
Okokuqala, sifuna ukukucacisa ukuthi yini le nto yemvelo nokuthi yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ezibangela ukubonakala kwayo.
I-tsunami noma igagasi lolwandle, Igagasi noma ukulandelana kwamagagasi adudulwa ngamandla amakhulu anyakaza aqonde phezulu.. Lo mphumela wemvelo ungabangelwa izenzakalo eziningi ezifana nokuqhuma okukhulu, ukuzamazama komhlaba, izintaba-mlilo, ukudilika komhlaba ogwini noma ukunyakaza komhlaba.
Amagagasi akhiqizwa ama-tsunami, bangafinyelela ubukhulu ebesingeke sabucabanga. Ukunyakaza okuqinile ngaphansi kwamanzi kuyimbangela yomphumela we-whip obangela ukudalwa kwamagagasi amakhulu, ngisho nokufinyelela isivinini esingafika ku-800 km / h.
Kulokhu, yenaAmagagasi awalahlekelwa ukuphakama lapho esondela ogwini futhi angafinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-30 Mude. Ngokuvamile, amagagasi ngokuvamile afinyelela usayizi wamamitha angu-6 noma angu-7. Azilahlekelwa ukuphakama, kodwa zilahlekelwa isivinini njengoba ukujula kolwandle kuncipha.
Imbangela eyinhloko yama-tsunami ukuzamazama komhlaba., noma ukunyakaza komhlaba okwenzeka ekujuleni kolwandle. Ukunyakaza okuzumayo kuhlushwa kuqonde mpo, ngakho-ke ulwandle luyashintshwa. Lawa maza amakhulu adaleka lapho uquqaba lwamanzi luzama ukubuyisela ibhalansi yemvelo.
cacisa, lokho akukona konke ukuzamazama komhlaba okubangela lolu hlobo lwezimo zemvelo, lezo kuphela ezinkulu futhi ezikwazi ukulungisa indawo engaphansi kolwandle.
Noma iyiphi indawo lapho ulwandle lukhona, ingabhekana nalolu hlobo lwemiphumela ebhubhisayo, kodwa kuvame ukuba khona kakhulu ezindaweni zase-Pacific Ocean, lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba okunobukhulu obuphakeme kuvame ukuvama kakhulu. Amanye ama-tsunami amakhulu enzeke oLwandlekazi iPacific, kodwa kube namacala e-Atlantic naseMedithera.
Imithetho Yokuphepha E-Tsunami
https://www.eldiario.es/
Okokuqala, ngu uzokwazisa uma uhlala endaweni engasogwini uma ababusi bakho benemithetho okumele bayilandele uma kwenzeka izenzakalo ezinjalo. Uma kunjalo, kufanele ulandele iphuzu ngalinye elibonisiwe. Okulandelayo, sizokukhombisa imithetho eyisisekelo yokuphepha uma kuba ne-tsunami.
Okokuqala nje, ukuzola kufanele kugcinwe, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kuyisimo esishaqisayo nesingaziwa kodwa akumelwe silahlekelwe yimizwa yethu. Kufanele uhlale uzilungiselele, njengoba lesi senzakalo esingokwemvelo singenalo usuku, okungukuthi, singenzeka noma nini.
Lungiselela uhlelo oluphuthumayo lomndeni, kanye nobhaka wokuphepha ngezinto eziyisisekelo njengemithi, izingubo noma ukudla. Kuyaphoqa ukuthi zazi izindawo ezisengozini enkulu ngaphambi kwecala elifana naleli, izindawo eziphephile kanye nezindawo lapho abathintekayo kufanele baye khona.
Khomba izindawo zokuphuma, kokubili kwezakhiwo kanye nendawo ethintekile noma idolobha, kubalulekile ukuze le nqubo yenziwe ngokuphepha nangokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukunaka noma yiziphi izimpawu zemvelo ezingase zenzeke kubaluleke kakhulu.. Noma yikuphi ukunyakaza komhlaba okuqinile okwenza ukuhamba kube nzima, isikhathi eside, imisindo yama-siren noma ukungenelela kwabezindaba ngochwepheshe noma iziphathimandla. Futhi, kungase kube nezinguquko ezingeni lolwandle noma imisindo engavamile.
Uma kunjalo ukuhlupheka ukuzamazama komhlaba kumele bazivikele ngokushesha, ukubhebha, ukumboza nokubamba. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, kuvamile ukuzivikela ngaphansi kwetafula noma enye into efanayo.
Lapho izimpawu ze-tsunami ziqala ukubonakala, udinga ukuphuma ezindaweni eziyingozi futhi ufike endaweni ephephile. Hamba uye endaweni ekude nogu futhi okungcono kube phezulu. Uma lokhu kukhishwa kwenziwa yiziphathimandla, ungangabazi ukulandela imiyalelo nokuhleleka okungcono.
Futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, into ebaluleke kakhulu, uma usendaweni ephephile ungayishiyi kuze kube yilapho abathintekayo bebonisa ukuthi sekwenzekile futhi akukho ngozi. Lokhu kungathatha ngisho namahora ngakho ungalilahli ithemba.
Ama-tsunami abhubhisa kakhulu emlandweni
Sekuyiminyaka eminingi manje, idatha itholakala nge-tsunami yokuqala emlandweni. Ezindaweni zaseMedithera, eziningi zalezi zenzakalo eziyinhlekelele zenzeke. Kulesi sigaba siya kuzo gxila kwezinye zezinhlekelele kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.
I-Valdivia, ngo-1960
https://www.rtve.es/
Okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu eChile, kwenzeka ngoMeyi 1960. Lesi sifundazwe sahlupheka okunye kokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu kakhulu enkumbulweni ephilayo ngesilinganiso esingu-9.5 esikalini sikaRichter.
I-tsunami eyaba umphumela yasakazekela kulo lonke elasePacific yashiya abantu abayizigidi ezimbili bengenamakhaya nabangaphezu kwalokho Bangu-6000 abafa ezinhlekeleleni. Kwakukhona amagagasi afinyelela ku-25 amamitha ukuphakama.
EPhilippines, ngo-1976
IGulf of Moro ePhilippines, ngo-August 1976, phila ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-8 degrees okwaholela ekuqalekeni kwetsunami egcine ezindaweni ezisogwini lwale ndawo.
Le tsunami, ngemuva kwayo ishiye okungenani izakhamuzi ezingu-90 zingenamakhaya, cishe izi-9500 zafa futhi ingqikithi yabangu-XNUMX yalimala.. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi kwakungenye yama-tsunami abulala kakhulu emhlabeni.
EColombia, ngo-1979
Ukuzamazama komhlaba okuyi-8.1 magnitude kwenzeka ngo-December 1979 ogwini lwasePacific eColombia nase-Ecuador. Omasipala abayisithupha kanye namakhulu abantu abashonile kube yimbangela yokudlula kwetsunami kulezi zindawo. Ngaphandle kwalo monakalo, ushiye inqwaba yabantu abadukile.
I-Indian Ocean, ngo-2004
https://www.nationalgeographic.es/
Kuze kube namuhla, enye yama-tsunami abhubhisa kakhulu eyaziwayo, kwenzeka e-Indonesia ngo-2004. Inani lezisulu ngenxa yalesi simo semvelo lifinyelela ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingu-250.
le tsunami, Kwabangelwa ukuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi kolwandle. Ochwepheshe bachaza ukuthi kwenzeka lapho ipuleti laseNdiya libhekana nenqubo yokwehliswa kwepuleti laseBurma, okwabangela inhlekelele yemvelo enkulu kakhulu eyake yaba khona.
Japan, 2011
https://www.nationalgeographic.es/
Ngo-March 2011, Ukuzamazama komhlaba okunesilinganiso esingu-9.1 esikalini sika-Richter kuhlasela i-Japan.. Amandla akhishwe yile nhlangano yomhlabathi adala i-tsunami eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Great East Japan Earthquake.
Babhalisa amagagasi obude obungamamitha ayi-10, kwenye yama-tsunami abhubhisa kakhulu ubude besikhathi semizuzu engu-6, ishiya ngemuva indawo yokubhujiswa nencithakalo. Ngokufa cishe kuka-20 kanye nabantu abalahlekile abangama-2500.
Lesi simo, kubangele inhlekelele yenuzi esikhungweni samandla enuzi iFukishima Daiichi. Ukuzamazama komhlaba kwabangela ukuba ancibilike futhi akhiphe imisebe ekhipha imisebe eyaba nemiphumela ezinkulungwaneni zezakhamuzi.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi in the 2018 kwaqoshwa ama-tsunami amabili endaweni efanayo. Owokuqala wabo wayehlala kuwo I-Indonesia lapho ukuzamazama komhlaba okungu-7.0 esikalini sikaRichter, yabangela i-tsunami ngo-September walowo nyaka, yashiya izisulu ezicishe zibe ngu-2000 XNUMX.
https://elpais.com/
El enye futhi yenzeke e-Indonesia, ngenxa yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo i-Anak Krakatoa ngoDisemba 2018, kwashiya abangu-400 beshonile ngenxa yokudlula kwe-tsunami.
Kukhona amarekhodi amaningi ama-tsunami kuwo wonke umlando, sikhulume okunye okubaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokulahlekelwa kwabantu, impahla kanye nomnotho.
Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ngokuqiniseka ukuthi isenzakalo esingokwemvelo salolu hlobo sizokwenzeka nini noma kuphi. Kodwa, emadolobheni amaningi aseduze noLwandlekazi i-Pacific banama-alamu athile nohlelo lokuphuma uma kwenzeka kuba nezingozi zalolu hlobo.
Kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola izimpawu zangaphambilini ezibonakala ngaphambi kwe-tsunami engase ibe khona. Ungakhohlwa ukulandela izincomo zeziphathimandla, futhi uhlale uzolile. Ukulandela imithetho yezokuphepha eshiwo ngochwepheshe, eminye yayo esike sayisho ephuzwini eledlule, kubaluleke kakhulu. Kumele uqaphele ubungozi obungadalwa yilolu hlobo lwesimo semvelo, hhayi kuwena kuphela kodwa nalabo abaseduze kwakho ngokusekelwe ezinqumweni ozenzayo.