UMbuso WaseRoma uyinkomba ecacile emlandweni wendawo yonke, ekubeni idolobha IRoma yaseTarraco iphuzu elibalulekile okufanele kuxoxwe ngalo. Imele idolobha elibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwe-Hispania Citerior noma i-Tarraconensis. Zitholele yonke imvelaphi yakhe ngosizo lwalokhu okuthunyelwe.
Roman of Tarraco, prehistory kanye Second Punic War
Idolobha laseRoma iTarraco lalihlala abantu base-Iberia bangaphambi kweRoma, iqembu elalilondoloza ubuhlobo obuhle bezentengiselwano nomphakathi wamaGreki. Kamuva, abaseFenike ngokwabo bazinza kuleyo ndawo ukuze balethe impatho enhle eyayiyozuzisa wonke umuntu. Kamuva, ubuzwe base-Iberia basungulwa e-Ebro Valley.
Kumasipala waseTarragona kunobufakazi bezakhamuzi ezitholakala kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC Njengoba ungase ucabange, ucwaningo lokunquma umsuka wabahlali balo bokuqala luyinkimbinkimbi. UTito Livio ukhuluma ngokuba khona kweCissis, iqembu noma inqaba encane eyayisebenzela imihlangano yabantu. Kuwuhlobo lwendawo lapho ngamunye wabo ezizwa ephephile ekuhlaselweni izakhamuzi ezingomakhelwane. UPolibio ujoyina lo mbono, kodwa ngegama likaKissa.
I-Second Punic War yaqala ngokufika kosopolitiki omkhulu uGnaeus Cornelio Escipión Calvo e-Emporiae ngo-218 BC Kusuka kulesi siqephu somlando lapho iRomana de Tarraco ibonakala okokuqala kuzo zonke izincwadi ezichaza umlando wamaRoma. Ngokwengxenye yayo, i izakhiwo zaseGibhithe ingaphezu kwemvelo ocwaningweni lwakho. Ingabe ujabulile ukuhlangana naye?
U-Tito Livio uqhubeka nendaba yakhe ngokuthi ibutho lamaRoma lalinqobe zonke izinto zePunic ezaziyalwe uHannibal, kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokufinyelela eCissis. Nokho, leli joka alizange lihlale isikhathi eside, ngoba amaRoma ahlaselwa emiphakathini eseduze eRomana de Tarraco. Manje, okungaziwa okungakacutshungulwa ukuthi i-Cissis ne-Tarraco yidolobha elifanayo yini noma ingeyezindawo ezahlukene.
Kamuva, kwatholakala uhlamvu lwemali e-Ampurias nombhalo othi ubukhona base-Iberia njengengxenye yomnotho e-Roman Tarraco. Indawo yomhlangano kuze kube manje ayaziwa nhlobo, kodwa akungabazeki ukuthi isiliva. Uhlamvu lwemali lwangonyaka wama-250 BC noma ngaphambi kwalokho. Ngokungangabazeki, imali iyiqiniso elingakaze libonwe ukuthi amaRoma ayengakazinqobi lezi zindawo.
Ngonyaka ka-217 BC, u-Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus omkhulu wafika eTarraco okokuqala. I-La Romana de Tarraco iyindawo ekahle yokukhosela ezinkingeni zasebusika. U-El Africano wenza into efanayo ngezizwe ezinkulu zaseHispania. U-Tito Livio uchaza ukuthi lezi zizwe zazingabambisene abakhulu bosopolitiki kanye namaRoma noma abadobi baseTarraco. Ungafunda futhi mayelana nezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ze- Izakhiwo zaseRoma ukufunda okuningi.
Umlando weTarragona uhlale uxhunyaniswa namandla ezombusazwe asetshenziswa amaScipios, kusukela ekuqaleni kuya kokugcina. UPliny Omdala uchaza ukuthi i-raison d'être ye-Tarragona ne-Cártago iyizo zonke izenzo zalaba bantu abakhulu bezombusazwe emphakathini ngamunye.
Ngesikhathi seRiphabhulikhi yaseRoma
Njengoba nje esinye sezigaba ezedlule sichaza, iRomana de Tarraco yayiyindawo yokuvikela izakhamuzi ebusika. Impi namaCeltiberian imele esinye sezizathu ezibalulekile zokuguqula iTarraco ibe yinqaba evikelayo. Ngenxa yalesi siqephu, indaba ichaza iqiniso lezempi lesifunda.
Ngonyaka ka-197 BC, ngemva kokunqotshwa kwamaRoma, kwakunezifunda ezimbili ezakhiwa yilezi zindawo ezihloliwe: i-Hispania Citerior ne-Ulterior. Ngamunye wabo wagudla ugu lwaseSpain. Inhloko-dolobha yedolobha lokuqala iCartago de Nova. UStrabo akazange acabange ngendlela efanayo, ethi iTarraco nayo iyidolobha elibalulekile e-Hispania Citerior.
Ukukhuluma ngomthetho noma izindaba zomthetho we-Romana de Tarraco kunzima kakhulu, ngoba abukho ubufakazi obuqondile bokuthi uCissis noTarraco benze kanjani njengenhlangano eyodwa. Okuthile okungokoqobo okuye kwaqinisekiswa izazi-mlando umsebenzi wesigodlo (noma umhlangano wezakhamuzi zaseRoma). Ngolimi lwesiLatini kubhekwa njenge-conventus civium Romanorum.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iziphathimandla eziphakeme kakhulu zalezi zindawo zizibheka njenge "magistri" njengasendabeni yeCayo Porcio Catón enkulu, omunye wama-consuls owaziwa kakhulu owabamba isikhundla ngo-114 BC Wayedingisiwe ngaphambili, ekhetha i-Romana de Tarraco njengendawo yokuvakashela. sinda . Lokhu kwenza kucace ukuthi insimu yayikhululekile.
Izimpi azizange zime endaweni yaseTarraco, lapho uJulius Caesar eyala ukuba kuhlaselwe ngamandla bonke abalandeli bakaGnaeus Pompey the Great. Umphakathi weseka abanesibindi ngokudla noma ngokuziphilisa ngenkathi kusala umoya wokulwa. Ngalezi zenzakalo, i-Tarraco yathola igama lekoloni, ibona inkinga enkulu lapho ihlanganisa leli gama, ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi uKhesari wakwenza ngaleso sikhathi noma u-Augustus.
Isikhathi sikaKhesari Awugustu
Umbusi waseRoma u-Augustus waba neqhaza elikhulu emikhankasweni yaseCantabria yokubuka ukunyakaza kwesitha esivela ku-Hispania. Nokho, njengoba impilo yakhe iba yimbi, wancamela ukuhlala eTarraco aze alulame ngokugcwele.
Phakathi kwezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zomlando wamaRoma waseTarraco ukwakhiwa kwe-altare maphakathi nedolobha. Njengoba u-Augustus ehlala enempilo ebuthaka isikhathi eside, isitshalo (esifana nesundu) sakhula phakathi nengqalasizinda, okwenza kucace ukuthi leli altare alizange lisetshenziswe kanzima ngabantu.
Esinye isenzakalo esibalulekile ngesikhathi sokuphatha kuka-Augustus inhlangano yezifundazwe zaseSpain. Isibonelo sazo ukusatshalaliswa kwamazwe ase-Hispania Ulterior emiphakathini yaseBética naseLusitania. Kusukela kulesi sibonelo yilapho i-Tarraco iba yingxenye yenhloko-dolobha yase-Hispania Citerior.
UPomponio Mela uchaza iTarraco njengelinye lamadolobha anekusasa elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Hispania, elinomnotho ongenakucatshangwa. U-Awugustu noTiberiyu basungula isimiso sabo sezimali, ngokuvela kwemikhosi ehlukahlukene yamahlelo njengengxenye yefa elitholwa kuleyo ndawo.
Ngemva kokulwa iminyaka eminingi nokugula kwakhe, u-Augustus uyafa ngekhulu le-14 AD, izikhonzi zakhe zahlehlisa isithunzi sakhe. Ngenxa yakho konke okwafinyelelwa ngesikhathi sokuthunywa kwabo, bakhipha umyalo wokuba kwakhiwe ithempeli lokukhulekela kwabo.
Idolobha ngesikhathi soMbuso Ophakeme
Amakhosi amasha athathe izintambo zokuthatha izitolo eRomana de Tarraco, njengoba kwenzeka eGaiba. Njengoba ingqikithi yeminyaka engu-8 yokuphatha, wakwazi ukubuyisela igebe elibalulekile umnotho wendawo owawusuphenduke waba.
Ngosizo lukaVespasiano, lokhu kuthola kabusha kwenziwa ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokunikeza ubuzwe base-Hispania kuzo zonke izivakashi zesiLatini ezazifuna ukuhlala kulelo dolobha. Amadolobha aseduze ahlangana neSpain athola lelo thonya lasemadolobheni lezikhungo ezinkulu zokukhosela abantu abaningi. Kamuva lezi zingxenye zomhlaba zalandela okufanayo ukuze zihlukaniseke zibe yizindawo ezinkulu zasemadolobheni.
Njengoba izindawo zasemadolobheni zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo, amaqoqo okubuyisela umnotho waseTarraco afike ngesikhathi esingalindelekile. Lesi senzakalo sinika isizathu emazwini kaPomponius Mela ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi leli dolobha laseRoma lalicebe kakhulu kule nkathi kahulumeni phakathi kweGaiba neVespasian. Ngomnotho ophumelelayo bakwazi ukuqedela umsebenzi wokwakha wenkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi kanye nesithangami sesifundazwe.
U-Trajan uthathe indima yokuba umbusi esikhundleni emsebenzini we-Tarraco. Umthetho wokuqala wawuhlanganisa ukuqoka uLucio Licinio Sura njengomvikeli omusha womphakathi. Evela eTarraconensis, wakwazi ukuphakamisa isikhundla esihle eSifundazweni sakhe ngezenzo ezinhle kubo bonke abakhileyo. Lapho uHadrian evakashela lelizwe ebusika, ubamba indlu yezindela ukuze akhe kabusha ithempeli ngokuhlonipha u-Augustus.
Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX lezo zipoki zezimali uTarraco ayecabanga ukuthi uzinqobile zabuya. Impela le mali yachithwa ngenxa yokungaphathwa kahle, ngisho nokwakhiwa kwezithombe ezimbalwa zokuhlobisa edolobheni. UClodio Albino wayefuna ukulwa nohulumeni wangaleso sikhathi, ewunqoba kalula, njengoba wayengenayo ingcebo edingekayo ukuze anqobe lo mshicileli.
Yonke imibhalo ebhaliwe ehlobene noMkhandlu Wezinsiza iqala ukunyamalala ukuze ivule indawo yesifunda sezempi. Izikhangiso ezizimele zanyamalala eTarraco, zashiya umnotho wakulesi sifunda uwohloka kakhulu, nokho, abanikazi bomhlaba bathatha izintambo zokulawula imali, njengoba kwenza izikhulu eziphezulu zesifunda.
Nokushushiswa kwamaKristu akuzange kulinde isikhathi eside. Umbhishobhi uFructuoso kanye nabalingani bakhe u-Augurio no-Elogio babulawa enkundleni yemidlalo yaseTarraco, njengophawu lwamandla amakhulu asetshenziswa uMbuso WaseRoma. Ekhuluma ngalesi sihloko, zikhona izinganekwane zamaRoma kuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuthola. Uyazi ukuthi ziyini izidalwa zayo eziyinhloko?
ngaphansi kombuso
Iziqephu eziningi zenzeka ngemva kokubulawa kwabantu okwasungulwa esontweni lamaRoma laseTarraco, ikakhulukazi enkundleni yalo yemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Esikhathini sikahulumeni esisetshenziswa uDiocletian, uphinde wahlukanisa inhloko-dolobha yaba ama-diocese ayisithupha, nomhlaba omncane kunokuvamile. Zonke izakhiwo ezadilizwa amaFrank zakhiwa kabusha ekuphathweni kwawo.
Ngonyaka ka-476, uMbuso WaseRoma waba nenhlekelele lapho ungazange ululame, okwavumela amaVisigoth ukuba achithe ubusuku eTarraco kanye neNkosi u-Euric. Ngalesi sikhathi, abukho ubufakazi obuphathekayo mayelana nokunye ukucekelwa phansi kwenhloko-dolobha, okwenza kucace ukuthi le nkosi yayibukeka izolile ngesikhathi ise-Hispania.
Iqiniso elibalulekile liyimpande yezakhamuzi ezimbalwa zamaVisigothic eziyingxenye yesigaba esiphezulu. Ngokuthola amanye amathuna obuKristu, kukhombisa umlando ukuthi asendleleni efanele ukukhombisa umphakathi ophakeme ngalesi sikhathi. Nokho, ukuwohloka komnotho kwaqhubeka kangangokuthi izifiki eziningi zaphoqeleka ukuba zihambe ziye kwamanye amadolobha.
Phakathi kweminyaka engu-713 no-714, ukuhlasela kwamaSulumane eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia kwenzeka, okuvumela ukufinyelela komphakathi wama-Arab-Muslim eTarraco, ukuba afanele izindawo zawo. Akukho okukhombisa ukuthi bafike kanjani lapho, noma izinhloso zabo. Amaqiniso ayazikhulumela, eshiya iTarraco iyincithakalo.
Umbhishobhi uProspero, ophethe izindaba zezenkolo eTarraco, waphoqa ukuthi abaleke aye e-Italy ngaphambi kokuba yisisulu sala maqembu anqobile. Ngalokhu kuphunyuka, alikho ithuba lomholi ovikela izintshisekelo ze-Romana de Tarraco.
Isethi yemivubukulo
Ingenye yezibonakaliso ezinkulu zemivubukulo eziyingxenye ye-Roman Hispania, noma ehluleka lokho, yezindawo ezivalekile iSpain ezigcina kudala. Ngo-2000 yathathwa njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba yi-UNESCO. Kuze kube manje, idolobha laseRoma iTarraco liyindawo enhle yokuhlala eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia, lapho bakha khona izindlu zezindelakazi eziningi ukuze bazivikele ebusika futhi bavikele izithakazelo zabo.
Ngosuku kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa uchungechunge lwamanxiwa aseRoma eTarragona njengeqiniso eliyisisekelo lomlando walo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izindonga zimi eduze kakhulu nalapho uPilatu ayehlala khona ethempelini lakhe elikhulu. Ngokufanayo, ijele ebelilokhu lilele kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX kungenzeka laliyithempeli lasendulo lokuhlonipha u-Augustus.
Nakuba iTarraco yabhekana nokucekelwa phansi okuningi enkathini ngayinye, okwamanje ihlala imindeni eminingana. Ngenxa yamathempeli adiliziwe, kanye nezinqaba zasendulo, banikela njengempahla yokwakha izindlu zabo. Ngokwengxenye yayo, inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini manje isisebenza njengendawo yekwali, ngenhloso yokukhipha amatshe ezimboni noma ukukhetha imisebenzi yezimayini.
Okunye okukhangayo kusesematsheni ahlakazeke kuyo yonke iTarraco, njengoba kuvela imibhalo ethile ebhalwe ngesiLatini noma ngesiFenike. Izinsalela ezisindisiwe zisebenze ekucaciseni ukungabaza okuningi ngomlando wale nhloko-dolobha e-Hispania Citerior.
Ukuze sikhulume ngezinye izingqalasizinda ezisamile, sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma ngomsele wamanzi waseTarraco, ongamamitha angu-217 ubude, ngaphezu kweTorre de los Escipiones. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ababusi abaningi ababephila eminyakeni yokuqala edolobheni laseRoma bangcwatshwa lapho.
Izindlela
I-UNESCO ayizange iyale ukuthi ifake idolobha laseRoma iTarraco ohlwini lwalo njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ngenhlanhla, ngoba ngokwenza lokho, babeqondiswa izindlela ezimbalwa ezibalulekile okufanele zibalule:
- Izinsalela zamaRoma zaseTarraco ziyindawo okubhekiselwa kuyo ekuphakamiseni imibono yokuqala yasemadolobheni yaseSpain. Ekugcineni, yasebenza njengesibonelo ukukhulisa ezinye izifundazwe emhlabeni wonke.
- I-Tarraco iyindawo okubhekiselwa kuyo ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi umlando wenzeka kanjani kuzo zonke izindawo eziseduze neMedithera.
izindawo ezivikelwe
Ngezansi ukubuyekezwa okufushane kwezinye izindawo ezivikelwe uMbuso, okwake kwaba iphuzu elibalulekile lokuqonda ukubaluleka kwedolobha laseRoma iTarraco.
Izindonga zeTarragona
Kuwuthango olubalulekile oluzungeza lonke idolobha elimaphakathi neTarragona, ngesikhathi esifanayo elingelaCatalonia, eSpain. Kubhekwa njengenye yezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu eTarraco, njengoba yaqala nje ngodonga lwamapulangwe yaze yaba udonga olukhulu.
Abacwaningi abakafinyeleli esivumelwaneni uma iMpi Yesibili Yama-Punic iwumongo ofanele wokubiyela ukuzalwa kwalolu donga. Okungangabazeki ukuthi ngekhulu leminyaka (III BC) lapho kwaqala ukwakhiwa.
Lapho ukuhlasela kwamaSulumane kukhona, iTarraco yaqala ukulahlekelwa izakhamuzi ngokushesha, ukuze ingahlupheki imiphumela yokunqotshwa okusha. Imbubhiso yayiseduze, yahlala kunjalo kwaze kwaba yilapho igunya likaRamón Berenguer IV, owayala ukuba kwakhiwe kabusha ngekhulu leshumi nambili. Ngemva kwesikhathi kwafika izinguquko esigabeni seNapoleon.
i-imperial cult evalekile
Ithathwa njengeSigungu Sesifundazwe saseTarraco, ingqalasizinda enkulukazi eyenzelwe izinjongo ezahlukahlukene: ezokuphatha, ezamasiko nezenkolo. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, esinye sezakhiwo ezibaluleke kakhulu e-Hispania Citerior. U-Vespasian waqopha itshe lokuqala kanye nezikhonzi zakhe zamaRoma ngo-73 BC ukuze akhe indawo yokuhlala eguquguqukayo ngokwanele ukuba ithathe izindawo ezimbalwa edolobheni laseRoma.
Isekisi yamaRoma yaseTarraco
Ngenye indawo ebalulekile emlandweni waleli dolobha, okwamanje ingeyesifundazwe saseTarragona eSpain. Inhloso yayo yokuqala kwakuwukufezeka kwezindelakazi eziningana zesikhathi sonyaka ukuze sikhulume ngemininingwane ethinta i-Hispania Citerior.
Ngekhulu lokuqala, ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqedwa, ukuze kuphakanyiswe ithuba lokuhlela imijaho yamahhashi neminye imicimbi yokuzijabulisa yomphakathi. Isekisi lasebenza ngale ndlela kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lesi-XNUMX, lapho kwaba nesidingo sokwandisa izakhiwo zalo ukuze kwakhiwe indawo yokuhlala entsha, ngenxa yezindawo ezihlukene zase-Hispania (ezanciphisa kakhulu indawo yayo). Kafushane, ukungabaza koMbuso WaseRoma kwaguqula ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sikhala.
Okuthile okugqama kakhulu ngale sekisi yaseRoma ubuhle bayo bezakhiwo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, uhulumeni wasebenzisa ithuba lokunweba lezi zakhiwo enhloko-dolobha yaseTarragona. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuye kwahlukahluka, ngenhloso yokubuyisela ingqikithi yayo eyinhloko ngemijaho yezinqola (umgibeli odonsa inqola enamahhashi amane), izigcawu zaseshashalazini nezindlela ezihambisana nesekisi elivamile. Akungabazeki ukuthi iphinda idale indawo enhle kakhulu edinga ukuzijabulisa, ukuphumula kanye nokubalekela indawo yokunethezeka.
Ithiyetha yaseRoma noma inkundla yamakholoni
Uma isivakashi sibuza mayelana nokuqokwa, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi yindawo efanayo. Ibhekwa yi-UNESCO njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba. Itiyetha yakhiwa ngesikhathi sika-Augustus ngekhulu lokuqala BC ukuze kuphakanyiswe amatshe esikhumbuzo ambalwa eTarraco ukuze adonse ukunaka kwamadolobha angomakhelwane.
Kuze kube ikhulunyaka elilandelayo lalisetshenziswa njengenkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, ngoba lesi sakhiwo sasihloselwe eminye imisebenzi ngokwezimfuno zikahulumeni. Umlilo owaqubuka ekhulwini lesithathu leminyaka wawuyisiqalo sale nkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, wasebenza njengezinto zokusekela izakhamuzi ezalahlekelwa yikho konke ukuze zakhe kabusha izindlu zazo ngosizo lwaleyo nhlekelele.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukwakhiwa njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba, isimo sokulahlwa lapho ithiyetha itholakala khona singokoqobo. Kodwa-ke, ukumiswa kombono kube nomthelela ekuboneni indawo isebangeni elithile njengendawo ekhangayo entsha, kuyilapho besebenzela ukuyilungisa.
Isakhiwo esisha sale midlalo yeshashalazi sihlanganisa ukusebenzisa umthambeko wenkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi endala ukuze kubuyiselwe izitendi.
Uma izivakashi zivakashela le thiyetha yasendulo yaseRoma, zizobona ukuba khona kwezitebhisi ezi-5 kuphela. Ngeshwa bonke abanye basesimweni sokuwohloka okuqhubekayo. Iphuzu elihle ukutholakala kwamathonya asendulo ezakhiwo kuma-capital, amakholomu namafriezes.
Inkundla yezemidlalo
Uma imayelana nezinye izikhala ezivikelwe, i-amphitheatre ingenye ekhunjulwa kakhulu e-Hispania Citerior. Lesi sikhumbuzo esakhiwe eduze nolwandle, sasihlanganisa ukugubha amasiko omngcwabo noma ukungcwaba abantu abavelele emlandweni weTarraco.
UJanuwari wonyaka ka-259 wawudabukisa ngokwanele ukuba isakhamuzi sobuKristu, uhileleke ekushushisweni okuhlukahlukene okwaqeda ukuphila kwabo. Umbhishobhi uFructuoso nabasizi bakhe babulawa enkundleni yemidlalo njengolunye uphawu lweshwa kubavikeli abangamaKristu.
Ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX, kuncane okwasala kwemisebenzi yokuqala lesi sikhala esakhiwa ngayo, njengoba nje kwenzeka ngeshashalazi yaseRoma echazwe ngenhla.
Ngokunqoba kobuKristu ngemva komzabalazo ongakhathali, nokuchitheka kwegazi eliningi, kwazalwa isonto elibalulekile lobuKristu kuleyo nkundla yemidlalo ukuze lidumise izimfundiso ezifundiswa kusukela ekufikeni kukaJesu Kristu.
Lapho, ukubulawa kwabalingiswa abathathu abavelele kakhulu baseTarraco kwenzeka, kanye nokunqoba kweSonto Elingcwele phezu kwabahlaseli balo.
Ukuhlasela kwamaSulumane kwakusho ukubambezeleka kulo lonke izwe elitholwe yi-basilica, ngoba bebhekene nosongo olusha lokunqoba, basishiya lesi sikhala kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-XNUMX.
Inomsebenzi ofana nesekisi yamaRoma, nengxabano phakathi kwama-gladiators, ama-gladiators vs. izilwane zasendle, imibukiso yokuzingela noma imicimbi yezemidlalo efana nama-Olympics.
Isu lokwakha inkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi ngasolwandle lisho ukufika kwezivakashi ezizimisele ukujabulela imikhosi emikhulu yezenkolo noma ukuzijabulisa.
Itshe elisemthambekeni livumele isiteji se-amphitheatre ukuthi sihlukaniswe ukuze kukhiqizwe imikhosi emibili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokungangabazeki, indawo enhle kakhulu evikelwe e-Romana de Tarraco.