Kulesi sihloko esimangalisayo sizokukhombisa ukuthi yini I-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, okungenye yezingoma ezifanekisela kakhulu uLudwig Van Beethoven.
I-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony: Ukuhlaziywa nomlando
Ngokuqondene nomlando we-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, noma i-symphony number 9, ungenye yezingcezu zomculo ezifanekisela kakhulu ka-Ludwin Van Bethoven, owalethela umphakathi phakathi kuka-1818 no-1824 ngekhomishini eyenziwe yiLondon Philharmonic Society. Lokhu I-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony Yamenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ngo-2002.
Lokhu kwenzeka eDolobheni laseVienna ngoMeyi 7, 1824, lapho wonke umuntu ehlala khona isethulo seBethoven ngokukhathazeka okukhulu nemizwelo. Ngokuba ngowokuqala ukubonakala emphakathini eminyakeni eyishumi nambili yomqambi odumile.
Isizathu sesethulo sasiyi-premiere e-Imperial Theatre ye-Ninth Symphony yakhe ka-Beethoven ku-D minor, op 125. Yonke i-Vienna ibheka u-Beethoven njengomunye wabaqambi abakhulu kakhulu, njengoba wayeyisithulu ngokuphelele. Umphakathi obuhambele le midlalo yeshashalazi ububukele njengoba uLudwin Van Beethoven emi ngemuva kuka-conductor futhi elandela umbukiso wokuqala wesiqephu somculo wakhe ekhophi yamaphuzu. Ecabanga lokho abanye ababekuzwa.
Abaculi bezinga lika-Beethoven abadingi ukuzwa imisindo ngokomzimba ngoba banayo emakhanda abo. Ekupheleni kwekhonsathi, izethameli zaqhuma ihlombe ngalokho ezikubonile kulesi siqeshana sobuciko esidalwe nguBeethoven.
I-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony iyisiqephu esivelele kakhulu salo mqambi. Njengoba ubude bayo kanye nobukhulu bezinsimbi buphakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuhambeni kokugcina kunokungenelela kwabacula yedwa abangu-4 kanye nekwaya ehumusha inkondlo ethi Ode ngenjabulo kaFriedrich Schiller.
Wayegxile kakhulu emaphuzwini akhe, kangangokuthi lapho kuqala ukuvungama komphakathi, akazange aqaphele futhi omunye wabacula yedwa wabamba ingalo yakhe ngobumnene, ukuze abone. Futhi wavele wakhothama wabingelela abalandeli bakhe okokugcina.
Ngemuva kwaleso sethulo esithinta inhliziyo u-Beethoven uhoxile empilweni yomphakathi. Ngaleso sikhathi umqambi we-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony wayeneminyaka engu-53 ubudala.
Lo mqambi odumile wazalelwa eBonn, eJalimane ngo-December 1770, lapho leli dolobha liyingxenye yoMbhishobhi Omkhulu waseCologne kanye noMbuso Ongcwele WaseRoma. Ubuntwana bakhe bebunzima kakhulu njengoba ephawulwe ngubaba womculi osezingeni eliphakathi nomlutha wotshwala, kodwa enekhono lokuguqula indodana yakhe ibe yi-prodigy njengoMozart.
U-Beethoven wayengeke agqame njengotolika waze wafinyelela ebusheni bakhe. Nokho kwakumele akhule ngokukhulu ukushesha kwazise impilo kayise yayiphazamiseka ngenxa yotshwala okwamenza waphelelwa umsebenzi. Wonke umndeni kaBeethoven wawungabaculi, njengomkhulu wakhe owamkhuthaza ukuba afunde umculo.
Lapho uLudwin Van Beethoven ethatha umndeni wakhe eneminyaka engu-17. Naye wayesezakhele udumo olukhulu ngobuchule bakhe bophiyano. Iphakeme kakhulu kunaleyo kaMozart emkhakheni wokwenza ngcono.
Ngonyaka we-1792 waya eVienna, ngenxa yesimemo somqambi wase-Austria uJoseph Haydn. Enhloko-dolobha yomculo yaseYurophu, i-Vienna yaba umqambi owaziwayo, ngokusekelwa abaxhasi abaphanayo futhi lapho imisebenzi yakhe yaqalwa khona ngaphandle kobunzima.
UBethoven, eminyakeni eyishumi ngemva kokushicilelwa kwe-Ode to Joy nguFriedrich Schiller onothando, wathinteka kakhulu futhi waba nomdlandla ngezingoma zalo mculi, emnika imibono ekhululekile, kangangokuthi wayecabanga ngephrojekthi yokuzivumelanisa nomculo.
Umqambi we-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, wayengumuntu othanda ukuzizwa ekhululekile futhi engenangqondo, wayengeyena umuntu olula. Kodwa ngo-October 6, 1802, wakhuluma ngencwadi eya kubafowabo: uKaspar Anton Karl Van Bethoven noNikolaus Johann Van Bethoven, lapho eneminyaka engu-32 ubudala, ebazisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwakhe kwakunesixazululo.
Okwadala ukuthi umbhali acindezeleke, okubonakale encwadini ayibhalele abafowabo. Lapho ezwakalisa usizi lwakhe ngombono wempilo yokuba nesifo esingamahlalakhona. Okuyinto kuyena ukuhlukumezeka ngokuba ngumculi wezinga lakhe. Ukuze embule ukugula kwakhe kwabonakala kuyihlazo, kakade ngemva kokuba esefinyelele izinga lokuphelela.
Emqulwini owaziwa ngokuthi i-Heiligenstandt testament, okuyincwadi ayibhalela abafowabo, lapho evuma khona ukuthi ucabanga ukuzibulala, okwathi ekugcineni wayeka ngalo mcabango.
Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony
La I-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony ineziqephu ezingagcini nje ngokuhlukana nezinkoleloze zangaleso sikhathi futhi kunalokho ziyibeka esikhathini esizayo. Imisebenzi yakhe yayiyoba ingxenye yobuciko bomuntu obuhlakaniphe kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngo-2001, i-Bethoven's Ninth Symphony yamenyezelwa i-UNESCO njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba.
Ku-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony iyingoma esezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu eyibeka ku-Olympus yomculo wakudala. Kungumsebenzi oye wasetshenziswa imibono ehlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Le symphony yaqedwa ngo-1824 lapho uBethoven enquma ukusebenzisa inkondlo kaSchiller wakhe othandwayo ku-symphony enkulu.
Ngo-1817 wathola umfutho lapho iLondon Philharmonic Society ithuma umqambi wezingoma ezimbili ezintsha zalolu hlobo. Inqubo yokubhala yayihamba kancane ngezinguqulo ezihlukene ezingu-200, lapho esebenzisa khona i-The Ode to Joy, efakwe umnyakazo wesine nowokugcina, futhi ngokufakwa kwamaphimbo kwakuyinto eqinile futhi entsha.
Lona I-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, Lesi siqeshana sasixubene ne-elegy, i-cantata, i-Opera yase-Italy neyaseJalimane, ngisho nakuma-fanfares ezempi kanye ne-requiem.
I-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony iwumsebenzi wobuciko owasuka kude nowesiko. Okwenze wasungula izinto ezintsha uma eqhathaniswa nabanye abaqambi. Lolu hlobo lomculo lube nomthelela emlandweni womculo futhi lusaqhubeka nokumangaza nanamuhla.
Curiosities
- Umsunguli wesifunda saseJalimane u-Otto Von Bismarck (isikhulu sombuso nosopolitiki) wasisebenzisa ukuze aqinise umoya wamasosha akhe.
- Ekhulwini elidlule lalisetshenziswa yiCellist Pau Casals, wasebenzisa lesi siqeshana ezenzweni zokumemezela i-Second Spanish Republic ngo-1931.
- Ngo-April 1937, ngosuku lokuzalwa Fuhrer, yena (Adolf Hitler) waqanjwa omunye abenzi bobugebengu ezimbi kakhulu esintwini. Kuthiwa wathinteka kakhulu ekulaleleni.
- Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II lena kwakuyisiqephu se-symphonic esidlalwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili.
- U-Pietro Mascagni ongumculi osemthethweni ka-Benito Mussolini (usopolitiki, wezempi kanye nomashiqela) wayiqondisa emakhonsathini amakhulu.
- UHerbert Von Karajan, umqondisi ovelele weBerlin Philharmonic futhi eyilungu leqembu lamaNazi, naye wayisebenzisa.
- Ukuze bamemezele ukuzibulala kuka-Adolf Hitler ngo-1945 emsakazweni waseJalimane, bakhetha lesi siqeshana.
- Yaqala ukusetshenziswa njengehubo laseYurophu.
Lo mculo omuhle waqhubeka usetshenziswa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-1974. Ngo-1965 leli culo lasebenza njengesisekelo seculo lesizwe laseRhodesia, okwakuyizwe lase-Afrika elalingaziwa, elalikhona phakathi kweminyaka ka-1979 no-XNUMX.
Lesi siqeshana besibalulekile ukugubha imicimbi emikhulu efana namakhonsathi kaNcibijane eJapan, emcimbini weMidlalo Yama-Olympic, phakathi kuka-1956 no-1964 yadlalwa amaqembu amabili avela kumariphabhulikhi amabili aseJalimane.
Kodwa esinye sezenzakalo eziphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi i-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony yenziwa ngoKhisimusi 1989, amasonto ambalwa ngemva kokuwa koDonga LwaseBerlin.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-symphony yalo msebenzi yayinjani ngaphambili, kufanele sichaze ukuthi ikhulelwe ukuze i-orchestra ngendlela yayo ye-classic iqukethe ukunyakaza okune. Ngayinye yalokhu kunyakaza inezici zayo.
Incazelo
Kule ngxenye sizokunikeza izincazelo mayelana nesakhiwo se-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony kanye nencazelo yomnyakazo wayo ngamunye.
Isakhiwo
Ukunyakaza kokuqala: Allegro
Umnyakazo wesibili: Sherzo
Umnyakazo wesithathu: Adagio
Ukunyakaza kwesine: Allegro.
Lezi zakhiwo zivame ukukhula esikhathini esingangemizuzu engamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu. U-Ludwig Van Bethoven uthuthukisa le-symphony yesishiyagalolunye elandela lesi sakhiwo kodwa wenza ezinye izinhlelo ezidale uguquko ekuhambeni kwayo, okudale ukuthi ubude bayo bunwetshwe cishe imizuzu engamashumi ayisikhombisa.
Ukunyakaza kokuqala kwe-Ninth Symphony kuqala ngezikhawu zesihlanu ezingathathi hlangothi, okusenza siqonde ukuthi asazi ukuthi kuzokwenzekani, kufana nokuqala kokuphila kwanoma yimuphi umuntu. Ngokungazelelwe i-chord ye-R minor iqhuma, okusho ukuthi into efana nokubonakala kokuthintana kokuqala nobuhlungu, okubuhlungu. Bese kulandela indikimba yesifazane eculwa izinsimbi ezishaywa umoya, emnandi kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, kule nhlangano yokuqala sinekhwalithi emangalisayo ekuqanjweni kwayo.
In the second movement of the I-Ninth Symphony I-Sherzo okuyinhlangano enomlingisi oqinile osimema ukuthi sidanse futhi siye phambili sijabulele izinto ezinhle empilweni.
Ekunyakazeni kwesithathu kwe-Symphony Yesishiyagalolunye yi-Adagio okuwukunyakaza okuhamba kancane, kulesi sikhathi ukuguqulwa kwenzeka ku-symphony. Lo mculo omude, nowomoya ngokuphelele ongasho lutho, kodwa uyangena futhi usixhumanise nathi. Futhi iveza isandulelo somnyakazo wesine.
Ukunyakaza kwesine kwe-Ninth Symphony yi-Allegro, kufana nokuqhuma kokugcina lapho kufakwe khona inkondlo kaFriedrich Schiller ebizwa ngokuthi i-Ode to Joy, okunikeza lokhu kuthinta okumangalisayo kulokhu kuqamba, ngoba ingoma yenkululeko emema amadoda. weplanethi ukuhlangana njengabazalwane.
Futhi, kuyindlela ehlaba umxhwele ukuthi ngomzuzu wokugcina izwi lomuntu liqhuma ngokuphelele okokuqala. Njengoba ngezinye izikhathi umculo ungenele ukudlulisa umlayezo ofuna ukuwufinyelela futhi ukufakwa kwamazwi kunikeza lokho kuthinta okuphelele kulo msebenzi omuhle kakhulu.
Ukuqamba i I-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony Ngaphandle kokuhlela i-sonata, wenza izinguquko ekucushweni kwe-orchestra, okungukuthi, yezinsimbi ezibambe iqhaza kulo msebenzi.
Lokhu kulungiselelwa kungokulandelayo:
Isigaba somoya:
- I-Piccolo
- 2 imitshingo
- 2 obo
- 2 Clarinets
- 2 Bassoon
- 1 contrabassoon
Isigaba sethusi:
- 4 izimpondo
- 2 Amacilongo
- 3 ama-trombones
Isigaba Sochungechunge:
- amaviyolini
- Violas
- Ama-Cellos
- amabhasi amabili
Isigaba sokushaywayo:
- I-Timbales
- Isigubhu se-Bass
- Amasimbali
- Unxantathu
Amazwi:
- choir
- I-Soprano, i-tenor kanye ne-bass soloists
UBethoven ukwazile ukwethula ku I-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony i-percussion ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni we-symphony, njengoba ukushaywa ngaphambilini bekungabhekwa njengengxenye evamile kuma-orchestra. Futhi lokhu kufakwa kwanikeza umlingiswa womzwelo esiqeshini sakhe. Ufake amandla engeziwe nokuzwakalayo emisindweni yayo yonke i-orchestra futhi ngaleyo ndlela wazuza imiphumela emangalisayo kulwazi lokulalela.
Okunye okubalulekile okufakiwe bekuyikhwaya nabacula ngabodwana abangena ngobuchule embuthweni wesine enikeza ukuthintana okumangalisayo emsebenzini wabo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi i- I-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, yaqanjwa engakaze ezwe ngisho nelilodwa izwi layo, ngoba wayengasezwa nhlobo. UBethoven wakuqopha konke engqondweni yakhe, wayezazi izinsimbi zomculo ngamunye futhi ngaleyo ndlela wayehlanganisa amaphuzu ensimbi ngayinye futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wayewavumelanisa futhi enikeza imibala, ama-nuances kanye nokwahlukana kwento ngayinye, bese ezwakala iqembu le-orchestra.
Lo mqambi ovelele, umqhubi wepiyano nomculi we-virtuoso we I-Beethoven's Ninth Symphony Wafa ngo-March 26, 1827 eVienna, e-Austria eneminyaka engu-56. Umngcwabo wakhe wenziwa ezinsukwini ezintathu ngemuva kokushona kwakhe. Bekugujwa e-Iglesia La Santísima Trinidad eduze nekhaya lakhe. ungase ube nesithakazelo Izinguquko zeGoldberg.
U-Beethoven ngokungangabazeki umele uphawu empilweni yabaqambi, uphawu olungacimeki oluphawula ingqopha-mlando.