Umkhathi ugcwele izenzakalo ezimangalisayo, ngenhlanhla, ezithathwe izibonakude eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo kukhona i-quasar noma i-quasars, imicimbi ye-cosmic enesizinda esihle. Eqinisweni, bachaza ubuhlobo obuseduze nezimbobo ezimnyama ezinhle kakhulu kodwa ezesabekayo. Ziyizici ezinentshisekelo enkulu yesayensi.
Njengoba kuye kwenziwa inqubekelaphambili kusayensi yezinkanyezi, kuye kwaba nokwenzeka ukubona izimo ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo. Ngokubonakala kwe-quasar, kuqondwe okwengeziwe mayelana nemishini ye-cosmic. Ukuba enye yezinto ezikhanya kakhulu emkhathini, kubonakala kunesithakazelo esikhulu ukwazi yonke into ngazo. Zibaluleke kakhulu kunalokho ucabanga!
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo esihlokweni sethu: 3 amanyuvesi omhlaba ukutadisha isayensi yezinkanyezi!
Iyini i-quasar? Impendulo ewusizo kakhulu engenzeka ilapha!
Kuwo wonke umkhathi wendawo yonke, kunezinto ezikhanya kakhulu ezikhipha imisebe nezinye izingxenye. Isibonelo esicacile salokhu amaplanethi ngokwawo, izinkanyezi kanye ne-supernovae ekhanyayo.
Noma kunjalo, kunobufakazi besinye isici esikhazimula kakhulu esikhipha ngisho nohlobo oluthile lwamandla. Igama lale nto eyaziwayo ayilutho futhi ayikho ngaphansi kwe-quasar noma i-quasar.
Umthombo: Google
Ukuze uqonde kahle ukuthi i-quasar iyini, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekuziphatheni kwemigodi emnyama. Kuyaziwa noma kucatshangwa ukuthi cishe kuyo yonke imithala emikhulu umgodi omnyama omkhulu kakhulu uthatha indawo emaphakathi yemithala.
Lapho ukushuba komsebenzi wembobo emnyama kukhula noma kukhula, zonke izinto ezizungezile zimuncwa ngenani eliphezulu. Okwesibili kumphumela wokuzungezisa kwembobo emnyama kanye nezakhiwo zayo, lesi senzo sithola ukuqoqwa okukhulu kwamandla e-cosmic.
Ukuba inani elingenangqondo lamandla aqoqiwe, iqala ukukhishwa imisebe noma ikhishwe emkhathini. Uma ibhekwa kude, yenza esinye sezehlakalo ezikhanya kakhulu noma ezigqama kakhulu endaweni yonke.
Cishe impendulo yokuthi iyini i-quasar ingafingqwa ngemuva kokwanda komsebenzi wembobo emnyama. Konke ukukhishwa kwalawo mandla (amaza omsakazo, ukukhanya, infrared, X-ray kanye ne-UV) yilokho ekugcineni okuchazwa ngokuthi i-quasar.
Empeleni, ngenxa yokuqonda kwakho kwenzeke ngamaphesenti amakhulu, khomba umsebenzi ophakeme womgodi omnyama. Ikakhulukazi, ivumele ukujwayelana nalezi zinto zasezulwini.
Ukuhlola ngemuva ngemuva kwe-quasar. Yini eyenza lezi zenzakalo ezikude zibe mnandi kangaka?
I-quasar bekulokhu, kusukela ekutholweni kwayo, enye yezinto ezifundwe kakhulu ngemvelo yesayensi. Njengoba zifakwe ohlwini njengezinto ezinkulu ezikhipha amandla nokukhanya emkhathini, zinesikhundla esihle phezulu.
ama-quasars Zihlobene eduze nezimbobo ezimnyama ezinkulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nobufakazi beminye imininingwane eyenza lezi zinto zitholwe kahle.
I-quasar ibonakala eMhlabeni ngenxa yamathuluzi okubuka akhethekile ale njongo. Ngenxa yokukhanya kwalezi zenzakalo ezingazodwa endaweni yonke, ukuthwebula kwazo kulula ngomqondo othile. Ngenxa yalokhu, kucatshangwa ukuthi imisebe, ukukhanya namandla abawakhiphayo kuyisamba senani elingenangqondo lamalanga.
Amandla e-quasar
Kuya ngenani lendaba noma ubukhulu bomsebenzi wembobo emnyama, i-quasar ewumphumela ikhipha izinga elithile lamandla. Ngalowo mqondo, amandla akhiphayo e- quasar afana nokukhanya okuvela emithaleni engaphezu kweyikhulu uwonke.
Ngokufanayo, amandla anjalo akhiqiza ukuhlakazeka kokukhanya okuthi, uma kulinganiswa, kube kukhulu kunokukhanya okuhlanganisiwe kwezinkulungwane zamalanga. Akukhona nje ukuthi zibalwa njengezigigaba ezinamandla kakhulu nezingama-incandescent endaweni yonke.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-quasar
Njengoba kwakhiwa intuthuko yesayensi kanye nezinsimbi zokulinganisa ezintsha, izakhi ziye zatholwa ku-quasar. Nakuba zingakahlonzwa njengezinjalo, kuphethwa ngokuthi eziningi zazo zisinda kakhulu kune-helium. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuhlangana kwezingxenye ngaphakathi kwe-quasar kunobukhulu obungaphezu kokuqonda kwamanje.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezo zakhi ezisinda kune-helium zikhona, kusho ukuthi i-quasar ingase ibe umphumela wokwakheka kwenkanyezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-quasars akhona phakathi nesikhathi sika- Big Bang kanye nenkathi yokwakheka kwenkanyezi.
Ukutholwa kwe-quasar
Umthombo: Google
U-Allan R. Schmidt wayengomunye wabantu bokuqala ukuhlangana ne-quasar. Kubonakala kungakholeki ukuthi eminyakeni eyisigamu nje edlule lezi zinto zasemkhathini zaqala ukucatshangelwa.
Phakathi neminyaka yawo-50 kanye nokufika kwakamuva kwezibonakude zomsakazo, ukukhishwa komsakazo wokuqala noma amandla angenawo umthombo osobala wabanjwa. Lolu hlobo lwemisebe kamuva lwahlotshaniswa nama- quasars. Ibhizinisi elikwazi ukudubula "amajethi" okukhanya namandla akwazi ukubonakala kude kangaka endaweni yomhlaba.
Umsuka wegama le-quasar
Ngesikhathi sama-50s, Bekungakafiki nomncane umbono ngalezi zigigaba. Njengeqiniso lokuthwebula amandla ngaphandle komthombo obonakalayo noma isihlabani sophromotha, kunqunywe ukuthi kuqanjwe lokhu okutholiwe.
Kusetshenziswa isidlaliso esithi "quasi-stellar radio fources" elihunyushwe olimini lwesi-Spanish ngokuthi "quasi-stellar radio sources", igama elithi quasar noma i-quasar lazalwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, leli gama laqanjwa, lanweba ukufundwa kwalezi zinto zemilingo.
Okutholwe yisayensi kwenze kwaba lula ukuvela kwe-quasar eseduze kakhulu emhlabeni
I-quasar eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba Ikhonjwe ngemuva komsebenzi onzima wokutholwa. Lezi zakhi, naphezu kokukhanya kwazo okukhulu, ziyizigidigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni.
Ngakho-ke, ukukhanya kuthatha isikhathi ukuze kubonakale ebusweni bomhlaba. Uma kubukwa, okuthwebulayo empeleni wukweqa ukukhanya ku-quasar eyake yaba khona ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule.
Ngenxa yalokho, i-quasar evela endaweni yonke yakuqala cishe iyabonwa. Njengamanje, i-quasar eseduze kakhulu noMhlaba itholakala eminyakeni yokukhanya engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-750. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi wakubona ukuntwela kwesikhathi?