Kunezifo ezithinta amahhashi abambalwa abazi ngazo. Enye yazo i-Equine Encephalitis, esakazwa igciwane elingaholela ebunzimeni obuhlukahlukene emahhashini nakubantu, ukukhiqiza kusuka kumkhuhlane kuya ekufeni ngenxa yokuvuvukala kobuchopho. Ngokuqhubeka nokufunda lesi sihloko uzokwazi ukufunda okwengeziwe nge-Equine Encephalitis. Ungaphuthelwa!
i-encephalitis ye-equine
I-Equine encephalitis iyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu segciwane esithinta amahhashi kanye nabantu. Izinyoni, naphezu kokuba zithelelekile, zibhekana nalesi sifo ngendlela engabonakali futhi ngaphandle kwe-sequelae. Kulezi zigaba ezilandelayo sizokwabelana ngemininingwane ethokozisayo ngalokho okwaziwayo ngaleli gciwane, okuthe endaweni yalo, okuyizwekazi laseMelika, sekuqede ukuphila kwamahhashi amaningi. Kamuva sizongena imininingwane yezimpawu zayo, ukwelashwa kwayo kanye nendlela yokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwayo.
Iyini i-Equine Encephalitis?
I-Equine encephalitis noma i-equine encephalomyelitis yisifo semvelaphi yegciwane amahhashi, izinyoni kanye nabantu abangase bahlupheke kuso, yingakho saziwa njenge-zoonotic pathology. Lesi sifo sinezinhlobo ezine, zonke ezibangelwa igciwane le-Alphavirus genus, lapho ezintathu zokuqala zikhona ezwenikazi laseMelika:
- I-Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
- I-Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
- I-Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE)
- I-West Nile Virus Encephalitis (WNV)
Izinhlobonhlobo zasempumalanga nasentshonalanga yizona ezithathelwanayo futhi eziyingozi emaqenjini amathathu ezilwane ezingalimaza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho i-Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis ivela, ihlukaniswa ibe yizigaba ezimbalwa, lezi zibhekwa njengezingenalo ubudlova futhi ambalwa kuphela alimaza amahhashi nabantu.
Izimbangela
Amagciwane abangela i-equine encephalitis ayingxenye yohlobo olufanayo, amelana kancane kakhulu endaweni engaphandle, ngakho angathathi isikhathi eside ukujikijela lapho engatheleli umzimba. Ekuqaleni, la magciwane aphila phakathi kwezinhlobo ezithile zomiyane abaqeda izinyoni zasendle nezifuywayo eziwumxhasi walesi sifo, ngokuvamile azibonakalisi izimpawu, ezingabalumi abantu noma ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo.
Inkinga iyavela lapho amazinga okushisa ekhuphuka endaweni ezihlala kuyo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomiyane ezingasindi emazingeni aphansi okushisa zivela. Le ngxube entsha yomiyane ingaluma kokubili izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo, isakaze lesi sifo phakathi kwazo.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-equine encephalitis zivela njenganoma iyiphi enye i-encephalitis. I-EEE, njalo, iyisifo esifushane futhi esibulalayo. Ukubonakaliswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpawu yizi:
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu
- Ihhashi alinaso
- Ukucindezeleka kubonakala esilwaneni
- Ikhanda lakhe libonisa indawo ewile maqondana nomzimba
- Amajwabu amehlo nezindebe zihlala zintekenteke
- Umbono wakho wokubona ushintshile
- Ihhashi libeka imilenze yalo ukuze iqhelelene
- Ukunyakaza okuzenzakalelayo kuqala lapho ubuchopho buqala ukuvuvukala
- Uhlushwa i-ataxia, i-paresxia futhi, ekugcineni, ukukhubazeka
- Isilwane silala phansi, sidlikize bese siyafa
Izinhlobo ze-Equine Encephalitis
Ngezansi sizobuyekeza izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-equine encephalitis ezikhona nokuthi, ngokwezinga elikhulu, zisungula indawo yazo noma izinga lobunzima bokutheleleka okungase kube khona:
I-Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
Igama layo libangelwa ukuthi indawo yayo eyinhloko yokutheleleka ngokuvamile itholakala empumalanga ye-United States, ikakhulukazi, eFlorida. Ukunqwabelana okukhulu kwamaxhaphozi, amachibi namaxhaphozi kuyenza ibe indawo yokutheleleka kalula, njengoba umiyane oyidluliselayo kuyiCulex Melanura, njengabanye njengeCuliseta noma i-Aedes, ejwayelekile kakhulu yokhuni oluqinile namaxhaphozi amanzi. Naphezu kwakho konke, selisakazekele kwezinye izizwe zaseCaribbean, kanye naseCanada nakwezinye izindawo zaseNingizimu Melika.
I-Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
I-Western equine encephalitis ingenye inhlobo yalesi sifo esivame ukukhiqizwa omiyane, njenge-Culex noma i-Culiseta. Endabeni yakhe, ubonisa amazinga ahlukene okugula nokufa. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ilimaza kancane abantu, kuyilapho iyingozi kakhulu kumahhashi, futhi izigameko eziwumqedazwe zivame ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezifana neNyakatho Melika, i-Argentina, iBrazil noma i-Uruguay.
I-Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE)
I-Venezuelan equine encephalitis ithole leli hlelo ngokuba ngesinye sezifunda okujwayelekile kuzo, kanye nezinye izizwe ezizungezile zaseMelika njenge-Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Ecuador noma Trinidad, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasehlathini. Kodwa-ke, inqubo yokudlulisela ifana neye-eastern equine encephalitis, kanye nezimpawu zayo. Omiyane abavame ukudlulisa leli gciwane i-Aedes, Culex Portesi kanye ne-Psorophora ferox.
I-West Nile Virus Encephalitis (WNV)
Ngokuphambene nezinye izinhlobo ze-equine encephalitis, i-West Nile Virus izibonakalisa nezinye izimpawu noma izinhlobo zokutheleleka ngaphezu kokuziluma komiyane ngokwayo, okwenzeka ngokumpontshelwa igazi, ukuncelisa ibele noma ukufakelwa ngisho nangokuhlangana nezinkomo. Ukwengeza kulokhu, inokufinyelela okukhulu ngenxa yokufuduka kwezinyoni, ikwazi ukufinyelela cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi omhlaba kanye nazo zonke izizwe. Isakazwa ngomiyane abanjengoCulex, Ochlerotatus noma Psorophora.
Ukuxilongwa
Ngemva kokubona izimpawu ezivezwa ihhashi elingenwe yileli gciwane, udokotela wezilwane angase ahlole uhlobo oluthile lokutheleleka olulimaza isimiso sezinzwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi igciwane futhi, ikakhulukazi, igciwane elibangela i-equine encephalitis, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuhlukaniswa kwegciwane emigqeni ehlukahlukene yamaseli noma kumagundane ancela.
Amasampula athathwa ngokuqondile ku-cerebrospinal fluid yezilwane ezithelelekile, nakuba amasampula ezicubu zezinzwa angathathwa uma isilwane sesivele sibhubhile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-ELISA noma ukukhulisa i-RNA nge-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) izindlela zokuxilonga ngokushesha, ezivame ukusetshenziswa kumalabhorethri amaningi.
Ukwelapha
Okubaluleke kakhulu ezinkingeni ze-equine encephalitis ukuthi akukho ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kokuqeda igciwane, ngakho-ke indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lesi sifo ukuvimbela. Ngendlela yokuthi, uma kwenzeka icala eliqinisekisiwe le-equine encephalitis, kuhle ukuhlukanisa isilwane nokuhlanza indawo, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi omiyane bajikeleze lapho abangase basakaze lesi sifo.
Ama-antibiotics awasebenzi ngokumelene namagciwane futhi awukho umuthi owaziwa ngokuthi usebenza njenge-antiviral yalesi sifo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kusetshenziswa ukwelashwa kokunciphisa kanye nokweseka, njengokulaliswa kwehhashi esibhedlela, ukwesekwa kokuphefumula, ukwelapha uketshezi kanye nokuvimbela izifo ezibambisanayo.
I-Equine Encephalitis kanye Nomgomo wayo
Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-equine encephalitis kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezitholakalayo:
- Ukugonywa ngokwendlela kwawo wonke amahhashi anemithi yokugoma ethwala igciwane elibuthaka noma amanye anegciwane le-passive. Uma unokungabaza, kufanele uthintane nodokotela wezilwane iziphakamiso zohlelo lokugomela ama-equines. Ngokunjalo, imithi yokugoma emibili ezosetshenziswa kubantu ingathengwa emakethe.
- Ukulawula izinambuzane zomiyane ngokufaka umoya endaweni, okungafanelekile ngoba kuthinta ezinye izinhlobo ze-arthropods nezinye ezingahlobene nakancane nesifo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa izixosha zendawo kodwa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwamanethi omiyane, ukufutha kanye nenhlanzeko ezitebeleni. Vimbela amanzi ukuthi angami emachibini noma ezigubhu lapho omiyane bengazala khona.
Ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwazo zonke lezi zindlela zokuvimbela kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuqubuka kwesifo esiwumqedazwe phakathi kwama-equines.
Ezinye izindatshana ongazithakasela ngokuqinisekile yilezi:
- Ukuthi amahhashi adlayo?
- izinyamazane
- Izilwane ezincelisayo