Sula izimali Kuyindlela ezovumela ukuvikelwa kwezimali, kuyadingeka ukwazi amaphuzu ahlobene endaweni futhi okufanele acatshangelwe ukuze asetshenziswe ngendlela efanele. Lolu lwazi luzochaza izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuhlukahluka.
Gwema zonke izingozi eziqhutshwa ukutshalwa kwezimali
Sula izimali
Ukuhlukahluka kuyinqubo yokuhlukahluka ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zezinto ezisesimweni esifanayo, okungukuthi, ezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo zifunwa ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lengozi lapho isici sibhekana nomonakalo othile. Lokhu kuyindlela esebenzayo yabantu, njengoba ibavumela ukuthi baqinisekise ukuthi bayaqhubeka nesenzo naphezu kwezimo ezivelayo, okuholela ekungabonisi ukuncika ngenketho eyodwa kuphela.
Uma ngabe igama elithi diversification lingakacaci, ezinye izibonelo ziyagqanyiswa. Endabeni yokuba nemoto futhi ibhekana nomonakalo othile, khona-ke kukhona ithuba lokungasenandlela yokuthutha, kodwa uma umuntu engenalo imoto kuphela kodwa futhi enesithuthuthu, khona-ke lokhu kungaba inketho yesibili. ukuze ikwazi ukwenza ukudluliswa kwayo, igweme ingozi eshiwo ngenhla.
Elinye icala elingachaza ukuhlukahluka yilapho kuthengwa inani elikhulu lezithelo futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi azidliwa, ngakho-ke kunengozi yokuthi zizolimala. Kodwa uma esikhundleni sokuthenga inani elikhulu, ukuthengwa kusakazwa ezimbili noma ezintathu zazo njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa lapho zizodliwa khona ngempela, khona-ke ngeke kube khona ingozi yokulahlekelwa isithelo.
Lezi zibonelo zikhomba ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kubandakanyani, inhloso wukuqeda zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga noma izingozi ezingase ziphakame. Ngakho-ke, kuyisenzo esinconywayo okufanele usisebenzise lapho ufuna ukutshala izimali, ngoba kuzovumela uhlobo oluthile lokulahlekelwa kwezimali ukuba luncishiswe, kube iphuzu elibalulekile kulezi zenzo. Kulokhu, ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlukahluka ezibaluleke kakhulu kufanele zicatshangelwe.
Okwesikhashana
Ukuhlukahluka kokutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhashana kumayelana nokuthenga njalo, lokhu kusekelwe ekutholeni amanani amancane ngezikhathi ezihlukene esikhundleni sokuthenga okukhulu okudinga inani elikhulu lemali. Okuvumela ukuthi izimali zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, njengoba ngezikhathi ezithile indawo ifinyelelwa ngesamba semali futhi mhlawumbe akusona isikhathi esingcono kakhulu.
Ngale nqubo yokuhlukanisa ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukufezeka kwesilinganiso senani lentengo eligqamisa ukuthengwa okufanele kwenziwe kuyaboniswa, kwezinye izikhathi kungase kube nenani eliphezulu kanti kwezinye lingase libe phansi, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso inani eliwumphumela liyamukeleka. Njengoba izinhlobonhlobo zamanani zivezwa emnothweni, akulula ukwazi ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi esifanele sokuthenga.
Ngalesi sizathu kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi ukuthenga kwesikhashana kuholela ekugcwalisekeni kwesilinganiso samanani. Isibonelo, isifiso sokuthenga ama-apula angama-50, esikhundleni sokuthenga ngesenzo esisodwa, ukuthengwa kwama-apula angu-10 kungenziwa masonto onke, kusukela phakathi kwalesi sikhathi kukhona ithuba lokuhlukahluka kwentengo okungenzeka kamuva kube ishibhile kunangaphambili. ukuthenga.
Ngokufanayo, kufanele kukhulunywe ukuthi lezi yizimo ezingalindelekile, kodwa kuyindlela elinganiselayo futhi engaholeli emiphumeleni emibi ngokuqondile. Ngokuvamile inikeza usizo olwengeziwe ngezikhathi ezithile ezingalungile, okwenza ukusatshalaliswa kwemali kufinyeleleke kalula mayelana nokuthola izinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo, kunikeze ukuvikeleka okukhulu mayelana nenhlangano yezimali eziphethwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphuzu eliphawulekayo kulolu hlobo lwezenzo ukuthi zicatshangelwa ukufezekiswa kwezimali. Kunconywa ukuthi kulawa macala kufakwe imali kanye ngenyanga futhi kutholakale inani elizokhishwa.
Ngezinkampani
Emkhakheni webhizinisi, ukuhlukahluka kumayelana nokuthenga amasheya avela kwezinye izinkampani. Kulokhu, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ezinhlakeni ezehlukene ukuze ukutshalwa kwezimali kuphephe, ngoba ukuzinza akuphephile neze. Ngakho-ke, uma utshala imali enkampanini eyodwa kuphela bese iqothuka, lapho-ke ngeke ukwazi ukukhokha amanani okuvunyelwene ngawo, wethule ukulahlekelwa okukhulu okungenakugwenywa ngoba ayikho enye indlela.
Ukuze ugweme lolu hlobo lwengozi, ukutshalwa kwezimali kufanele kube ngezinketho ezahlukene futhi phakathi kwalokhu, ukubaluleka kokwazi ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yisiphi isenzo esenziwayo esiboniswayo, ukuze kube nokuvikeleka nokuqiniseka kuso. Ngokufanayo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lesi yisinqumo somuntu siqu okumelwe sihlaziywe. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi inani elikhulu lezinketho, ukuhlukahluka kuzokwanda.
Ngemikhakha
Njengoba kuqokonyiswe ngenhla, ukutshalwa kwezimali kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ezinkampanini kumele kubhekwe imininingwane ehlobene nazo kanye nomkhakha ezisebenza kuwo okungaba ezokuxhumana, amabhange, umshwalense, ezemithi, ukudla nokunye. Kunezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo ezivela emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuyiphuzu elifanele okufanele licatshangelwe.
Njengoba uma umuntu enza utshalomali ezinkampanini ezahlukene kodwa zonke zizinikele emkhakheni wokudla futhi ngesikhathi esithile le ndawo ibhekana nenkinga, khona-ke bayolimala ngokujwayelekile, ngoba bazinikele kulokhu kuphela. Ngakho-ke, iphuzu elibalulekile lokwenza ukutshalwa kwezimali ukuthi izinketho ezitholiwe azinikezelwe into efanayo, kuyilapho enye yazo iveza uhlobo oluthile lokungazinzi, kuyoba nokuphepha kwezinye izinketho.
Ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwamasu, ukuhlukahluka okuhle kuzoboniswa, kudala ukumelana kuwo, okwamanje lapho kukhona ukuguquguquka okuthile kokunye kwezinketho, khona-ke izinzuzo zizotholakala kwenye, ngaphandle kokufinyelela ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, kuthiwa kunezinye izindlela ezinikezelwe emkhakheni wokwakha, kodwa futhi ezinye ezisekelwe ekuhwebeni kwezingubo noma zokudla.
Indawo
Amazwe anezici eziwahlukanisayo, okuhlanganisa nomnotho wawo, kubhekwa ukuthi awafani wonke. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ezinye zingase zibe ngcono kunezinye noma ukuthi zisebenzisa izindlela ezivumayo, okubuye kugqanyiswe ezinkampanini ezingakhiqiza umphumela womthelela omkhulu.
Ukwehlukahlukana ezinkampanini kuhlobene ngqo nalokhu, ngoba kusho ukuthi izimali zakho azihlobene nenketho eyodwa kuphela, kuyanconywa ukuthi kubhekwe nezinye izindawo noma izindawo, ngoba ukuguquguquka kungenzeka ezweni elithile, futhi uma kwenzeka izimali zakho ezitshaliwe zitholakala kulelo zwe kuphela, khona-ke zizothinteka ngokuphelele.
Izimali ngokujwayelekile zihlala zisengozini futhi konke kuzoncika ezenzweni ezithathiwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukubaluleka kokutshala imali hhayi kuphela enkampanini eyodwa kodwa eziningi zazo kuyashiwo, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi awekho endaweni efanayo futhi njengesici esengeziwe sokuthi akukhona kuphela ezweni elilodwa, ukutshalwa kwezimali kuyatholakala. futhi yenziwa emazweni omhlaba, ibe yinketho.
Njengamanje lena ngenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswayo, amabhizinisi anobudlelwano namazwe ngamazwe ukuze abe nezinketho ezingcono kakhulu zokuzinza kwezezimali. Iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi uma ukutshalwa kwezimali kwenziwa ngamasheya enkampani, ukuhlukahluka kwendawo sekuvele kwenziwa, ngoba le nkampani ingaba nobudlelwano bezezimali namazwe ngamazwe.
Kubalulekile ukucabangela imininingwane yokutshalwa kwezimali yamazwe, ukwaziswa okuyiyona elula ukucatshangelwa, ngoba lokhu kunomthelela ngqo emnothweni wezwe njengoba zingahluka futhi zibe nomthelela ezenzweni zenkampani. Ngakho-ke, kunamaphuzu amaningi umuntu okufanele awacabangele ukuze ahlukanise ukutshalwa kwezimali.
Ngezimali
Uma kucatshangelwa iphuzu ngalinye eliye lachazwa kabanzi, lapho ukutshalwa kwezimali kwenziwa emazweni ahlukene kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi bangasebenzisa imali ehlukene ngakho-ke izinkampani ezitholakala ezweni zikhiqiza ngokusekelwe kuyo. Isibonelo, ukugqamisa idola laseMelika, ukuhluka okwethulwa yile mali kuthinta ngqo izinkampani zezwe njengoba umnotho uzodala ushintsho ekuthengeni kwayo ngaphandle.
Ngakho ukuhlukahluka ngezinhlobo zemali kumayelana nokuthenga amasheya ezinkampani ezisebenzisa uhlobo lwemali oluhlukile, nalo oluhlobene nephuzu langaphambilini. Uma kwenziwa ukuhlukahluka kwezindawo, kuphinde kusetshenziswe ngokushesha ngemali, ngoba lapho kusebenzisana nezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe kuhlobene nemali eziyisebenzisayo.
Kodwa-ke, ngendlela efanayo, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi kukhona amazwe asebenzisa uhlobo lwemali olufanayo, ngakho-ke uma kuhlobene ngokwezezimali nezinkampani ezisebenzisa leyo mali, khona-ke ukuhlukahluka kohlobo lwemali ngeke kusetshenziswe, lena imininingwane okufanele ibe khona. kucatshangelwa. Okusho ukuthi ukusebenzisa indawo yendawo kungaholela ngokungaqondile kuleyo ngokwemali.
Emkhakheni wezomnotho, kubalulekile ukucabangela izenzo ezihlukene nezindlela ezivumela ukufinyelela ukuzinza, phakathi kwazo ukuhlukahluka, ukuze izimali zivikeleke ngendlela enhle, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezindlela ezigqamisa ukusebenza kahle, sincoma ukuthi funda nge amortization
amabhizinisi ahlobene
Izinkampani zisebenzisa ukuhlukahluka namabhizinisi ahlobene ngokuqondile nalokho ezisekelwe kukho, ezikusebenzisayo ukuze zithole inzuzo noma inzuzo ekukhiqizweni kwemakethe, futhi lokhu kuholela ekwethuleni ukuhlanganiswa okubalulekile okuqondile noma okuvundlile.
Endabeni yokuhlanganiswa okuqondile, kubhekisela enkampanini eyenza izinqubo ezidingekayo zokunciphisa izindleko zayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukusebenza kahle kwayo kungakhula, kodwa kungaba inketho enobungozi obuningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlanganiswa okuvundlile kuvelele, okusekelwe ekwandeni kwemikhiqizo yenkampani evumela ukukhiqizwa kwayo ukuthi kuphumelele kakhulu.
ibhizinisi elingahlobene
Kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu njengoba iveza izingozi kalula, ngoba yilapho kwenzeka khona uguquko lwebhizinisi lilonke, okungasekelwe ngempela emgomweni walo. Ngakho-ke, ukuphepha akusebenzi kangako, kuyisenzo esiqinile ukuthi ezimeni ezithile zidingekile. Isibonelo, umthengisi wobucwebe owenza izinto ezihlukahlukene emakethe yezimoto.
Ukubaluleka
Sula izimali kuyinqubo ehlobene nenani elibalulekile lezimpahla eziye zasetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe izinzuzo, ngendlela yokuthi amathuba okubonisa ukuthuthukiswa angakhula. Phakathi kwalokhu, ukugwema ubungozi obuphezulu obuqhutshwa yizimali kuyagqanyiswa, okumele kucatshangelwe ngazo izici ezifana nesikhathi, indawo, ubuningi, nokunye.
Kusukela kulokhu, imisebenzi yokutshala izimali enamanani athile ivezwa ngezinketho ezahlukene, ezihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okukhulu kubo, njengoba ngenkathi zivezwa, okungukuthi, zisetshenziselwa ukuthola umphumela, khona-ke ukushintshashintsha okwenzeka ezindaweni ezahlukene kungabathinta ngokuqondile. . Kodwa uma nje uhlukanisa ngendlela efanele lezi zingozi zizoncipha kakhulu.
Ukuncika kuyisici esibalulekile kule nqubo, njengoba ukuhlukahluka kusekelwe ekungathembeni inketho, ngoba lapho behlushwa umphumela omubi bazobonakala bephelele, kuyilapho uma behlobene nezinketho ezahlukene ngeke bathinteke. gqamisa ukwehla okuphelele. Nakuba kwenzeka kuphela komunye wabo, khona-ke kungalinganiswa futhi kuqhubeke ngenxa yokuthi kunezinye izindlela eziningi.
Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi umuntu abe nesiyalo, ahlele ukutshalwa kwezimali ngakunye okwenziwe, kucatshangelwa izithiyo ezingase zibe khona kanye nezingozi ezingase ziholele kumphumela omubi. Kodwa-ke, uma kuziwa ekutshalweni kwezimali emakethe, lezi zingaxazululwa esikhathini eside, ngoba izinkathi eziphansi zisiza kakhulu ukuzinza, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kwesikhathi nemiphumela yaso.
Umuntu kufanele acabangele izinjongo anazo ngezimali zakhe, asebenzise uhlelo lokusebenza ngokuphathelene nokutshala izimali ezihlukahlukene, njengoba luzohlinzeka ngosizo oluqondile ezimpahleni zakhe, okumvumela ukuba abe nokulawula okwanele kwazo futhi akwazi ukonga.
Iziphetho
Ukuhlukahluka kuyindlela engcono kakhulu ekuvumela ukuthi ube nokuvikeleka kwezimali zakho ezitshaliwe, kuzoba nesivikelo esisetshenziswa ezenzweni ezithathiwe. Uma umuntu esebenzisa izinqubo zokwehlukanisa ukutshalwa kwezimali, uzobe eqinisekisa impumelelo, kuphela uma ekwenza ngendlela efanele, ecabangela amaphuzu adlule njengolwazi olubalulekile lokusebenzisa ukuhlukahluka ngendlela efanele.
Kuyo, imiqondo ehlukahlukene yokubaluleka yachazwa kabanzi futhi amaphuzu abalulekile okushintshanisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo kungagqanyiswa, okuyilawa: Ukuthenga ngezikhathi ezithile usebenzisa amanani angekho phezulu kakhulu ukuze wenze isilinganiso; ukutshalwa kwezimali kumele kusetshenziswe ezinkampanini ezizinikele ezindaweni ezahlukene; imikhakha ezikuyo kumele ihluke, kanye nemali eyisebenzisayo, ukuze kuvikelwe izimali.
Uma nje la maphuzu ecatshangelwa, khona-ke iphothifoliyo yokutshala imali ehlukahlukene yethulwa ngendlela efanele, enozinzo nokuqina okukuvumela ukuthi uphephe futhi uqiniseke. Ziningi izindlela ezingakhiqizwa ngazo utshalomali, futhi kulokhu kudingwa amasu noma amasu ahlukene futhi ukuhlukahluka kuvezwa phakathi kwazo, okungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu.
Ukutshala izimali ezihlukene kungenye yezindlela ezinconyiwe kakhulu endaweni yezomnotho. Ukuze le ndlela isetshenziswe ngendlela efanele, amaphuzu ahlukene ahlobene ngokuqondile kufanele acatshangelwe, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho kungase kube nezinye izinhlobo zezinketho, sincoma ukufunda mayelana izindlela ezisheshayo.