Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi amaRoma endulo ayekhulekela onkulunkulu abaningi abahlukahlukene. Ngayinye yazo yayimelela izici ezithile zokuphila futhi yayinezici ezithile ezazizihlukanisa. Omunye wabo unkulunkulu uMercury, lokho cishe kuzwakala kujwayeleke kakhulu kuwe ngegama le-analog yalo yesiGreki.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalo nkulunkulu wamaRoma, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda. Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ngubani unkulunkulu uMercury, iyini isifaniso sakhe sesiGreki nokuthi wayevame ukumelwa kanjani. Uma uthanda izinganekwane zamaRoma, lolu lwazi alukwazi ukushoda.
Ubani unkulunkulu uMercury?
Ngokuqinisekile usuyazi kakade ukuthi, ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma, onkulunkulu abahlukahlukene banamagama amaplanethi. Ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi kukhona okuthiwa iMercury. Ungunkulunkulu wezohwebo futhi, ngokwezinganekwane nezinganekwane, uyindodana kaMaia Maistas futhi I-Jupiter. Igama likankulunkulu uMercury livela egameni lesiLatini i-merx, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "impahla". Ngaphandle kokuba unkulunkulu wamaRoma wezohwebo, futhi umele imiyalezo, ubugagu, ukuxhumana, ukubhula, imingcele, abahambi, inhlanhla, amasela namaqhinga.
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi amafomu amadala kakhulu ahambisana nalo nkulunkulu ahlobene nonkulunkulu wama-Etruscan okuthiwa uTurms, Iningi lezinganekwane nezici zeMercury zinomsuka wazo ku-analog yayo yesiGreki eyaziwa ngokuthi Hermes, esizokhuluma ngakho kamuva.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi unkulunkulu iMercury uye wasebenza njengogqozi lokuqamba izinto ezahlukene emhlabeni wesayensi, njengeplanethi iMercury, isitshalo se-mercurial kanye ne-element mercury. Futhi, Igama elithi "mercurial" ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukubhekisela kumuntu noma into engazinzile, eguquguqukayo, noma eguquguqukayo. Le ndlela yokuzibonakalisa isuka ezindizeni ezisheshayo ezenziwa unkulunkulu uMercury ukusuka endaweni eyodwa ukuya kwenye. Eqinisweni, uyisithunywa sonkulunkulu.
Imuphi unkulunkulu wamaGreki iMercury imelela?
Onkulunkulu bezinganekwane zamaRoma namaGreki bahlobene eduze. Ngamunye une-analogue yawo kwelinye isiko. Njengoba sesishilo ngenhla, unkulunkulu uMercury ubizwa ngokuthi uHermes ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, lapho futhi edlala indima yakhe njengesithunywa nonkulunkulu wohwebo. Iphinde imele okufanayo ne-Mercury: Abahambi, imingcele, ubuqili, abaqambimanga, amasela, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nguyena ophethe ukuqondisa imiphefumulo yabangasekho emhlabeni.
Ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, uHermes uyindodana kaZeus (olingana nonkulunkulu uJupiter) kanye noPleiad Maya. Nakuba engeyena omunye wezithixo eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-Olympus, uvela ezinganekwaneni eziningi nasezinganekwaneni, ngokuba ngomunye owaziwa kakhulu okhuluma ngokushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka. Litshela ukuthi unkulunkulu wendawo yabaphansi, iHayidesi, uthumba uPersephone ukuze amenze umkakhe. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo, unina wesisulu, onguDemeter, unkulunkulukazi womhlaba ovundile nezinkathi zonyaka, wayedabuke kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho wathuka uMhlaba waze wathola indodakazi yakhe. Ngale ndlela kwaqala isikhathi sosizi kubantu.
Ngemva kwalowo mcimbi, UZeus unquma ukuthumela uHermes endaweni engaphansi ukuze akwazi ukuxoxisana neHayidese ukuze kukhululwe iPersephone. Ekugcineni bakwazi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni: Kuzodingeka achithe izinyanga eziyisithupha neHayidesi endaweni engaphansi komhlaba, kanti ezinye izinyanga eziyisithupha angahlala nonina uDemeter Emhlabeni. Unkulunkulukazi wezinkathi zonyaka kanye nomhlaba ovundile uyadabuka ngesikhathi sokungabikho kwendodakazi yakhe ethandekayo, ebonakala ezikhathini ezibandayo zonyaka: Ikwindla nobusika. Esikhundleni salokho, lapho i-Persephone ibuyela kuye, ujabula kakhulu, engenisa izinkathi zentwasahlobo nehlobo.
Imelelwa kanjani iMercury?
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, unkulunkulu uMercury akayena unkulunkulu wokuqala owadalwa amaRoma, uma kungenjalo ukuthi yashintshwa ngokulandela isibonelo sikankulunkulu wamaGreki uHermes lapho zombili izinkolo zihlanganiswa ngekhulu lesithathu BC. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma kwakukhona okuthiwa Dei Lucrii, ababengonkulunkulu bemisebenzi yezomnotho, kodwa laba bathathelwa indawo yiMercury.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lo nkulunkulu wamaRoma ufana kakhulu nonkulunkulu wamaGreki uHermes. Uma kuziwa ekubameleni, kungaba ngemibhalo, imidwebo noma imifanekiso eqoshiwe, Babevame ukugqoka uhlobo lwesigqoko olubizwa ngokuthi i-pétaso nezimbadada ezinamaphiko ezibizwa ngokuthi i-talarias. Ngezinye izikhathi babeze bengeze amaphiko ngokuqondile emaqakaleni kankulunkulu. Futhi, cishe kuzo zonke izethulo zabo babambe i-caduceus. Yinduku ye-herald ehlukaniswa izinyoka ezimbili ezihlangene. Kuwuphawu lwezikhungo zezohwebo nezomnotho. Kwakuyisipho amnika sona Apollo kuHermes.
Kuvame kakhulu ukuhlobanisa onkulunkulu nezilwane ezahlukene, ngoba lezi zimelela izinto ezitshiyeneyo njengonkulunkulu. Endabeni yeMercury noma uHermes, lezi zazivame ukuvela kanye nesinye salezi zilwane ezilandelayo:
- iqhude: Yisimemezelo esimemezela usuku olusha.
- Imbuzi noma iwundlu: Bamele inzalo.
- Ufudu: Ngokwezinganekwane zamaGreki, uHermes wadala ihabhu lokuqala esebenzisa igobolondo lofudu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kuhlotshaniswa nalesi silwane.
Njengoba unkulunkulu uMercury engeyena omunye wonkulunkulu bakudala abasinda esikhathini sokuqala soMbuso WaseRoma, owaziwa nangokuthi "ubukhosi baseRoma," wayengenalo ilangabi elabelwe. Amalangabi ayengabapristi abahlonishwa kakhulu eRoma Lasendulo, bekwazi ngisho ukulinganisa nopapa. Noma kunjalo, Unkulunkulu oyisithunywa samaRoma wayeba nomkhosi obalulekile egameni lakhe njalo ngoMeyi 15. Yayibizwa ngokuthi "i-Mercuralia" futhi phakathi nalo mkhosi, abathengisi bathatha amanzi emthonjeni wabo ongcwele ukuze bawafafaze emakhanda abo.
Nakuba ingasekho inkolelo esabalele ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma, izinganekwane zayo kanye nabalingiswa bayo bathakazelisa kakhulu. Amasiko asendulo enkolo yonkulunkulu abaningi agcwele izinganekwane ezifuna ukwazi nezijabulisayo ezikhuthaze amanoveli nezindaba eziningi.