Ukukhulelwa kweSolar System kwashintsha ngokuphelele lapho kutholwa amaplanethi amancane ngale kwePluto. Omunye wabo, iyiplanethi encane edumile futhi eyisici ebizwa ngokuthi i-Haumea, isibonelo esicacile sokwandiswa kwendawo yonke. I-Haumea iyingxenye yeqembu elikhethiwe lamaplanethi amancane athakaselwayo, yingakho ibaluleke kakhulu ngokwesayensi.
I-Haumea yaziwa nangokuthi ifakwe ohlwini lwezinto ezivelele kakhulu ze-trans-Neptunian. Ngokufanayo, inendawo yayo yokuhlala egxile ebhandeni leKuiper elimangalisayo ngale kwePluto. Ngokujwayelekile, iyiplanethi ethile, ejikelezayo ngokushesha kanye nesimo esiyisicaba. Akungabazeki ukuthi kuyinto ethokozisayo emikhawulweni yeSolar System.
Ungase futhi ube nentshisekelo esihlokweni sethu:Kwaqala nini ukutholakala kwamaplanethi? Yayiyini eyokuqala?
Ukwembula konke okuzungeze iHaumea. Kungani le planethi encane ithakazelelwa kangaka ngokwesayensi?
Ngaphakathi kwesigaba samaplanethi amancane, I-Pluto iyona eyagqama kakhulu kwaze kwaba yilapho kutholwa abanye. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho uHaumea aqala khona ukubonakala ebalazweni njengenye i-planetoid edumile.
Iqanjwe kanjalo yi-MPC (Minor Planets Center ngeSpanishi), yatholwa ngo-March 7, 2003. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, yafakwa ohlwini lwezigaba ezihlukene ukuze ihlukaniseke ngokwesayensi. Lezi azilutho futhi azilutho ngaphansi kwezinto ze-trans-Neptunian, iplanethi encane kanye ne-plutoid.
Umthombo: Google
Kwake kwatholakala izifundo zaqala ngesakhiwo nokuhambisana kwayo. Namuhla, i-Haumea yaziwa ngokuba ne-flat ethize noma i-ellipsoidal shape ethile ebizwa ngokwesayensi.
Lesi siphetho sibangelwa ukubhekwa njalo kokukhanya kwayo, lapho kwaphetha ngokuthi inomgoqo. Ngalowo mqondo, i-eksisi yayo enkulu yinde uma iqhathaniswa nokuphambene nayo, i-eksisi encane yeplanethi.
Mayelana nezici zayo ezijwayelekile, Ukuminyana kwawo akuwona neze ingxenye yesithathu yePluto. uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngokwengxenye yayo, ubuso bunekhwalithi eyingqayizivele: iphelele, cishe ngokuphelele, ngeqhwa.
Ngokufanayo, i-Haumea ibhekwa njengenye yamaplanethi akhipha ukukhanya okuningi lapho ebonwa. Enye yezindawo zayo ihlukaniswa ngisho ngenxa yalokhu okungavamile njengendawo ebomvu eminyene, efana nendawo enkulu.
Ngokuhlukile, i-Haumea iyi-planetoid enesici esihlukaniseka kakhulu phakathi kwezinye. Isakhiwo sawo sakhiwe indandatho yamatshe futhi, nxazonke, izinyanga ezimbili zizungeza njengesathelayithi.
I-Haumea, iplanethi encane eyatholwa cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule. Kwakungenzeka kanjani ukutholakala?
Ukutholakala kweHaumea, iplanethi encane engalé kwePluto, kwaba nempikiswano isikhashana. Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ukhona, kwenzeka izenzakalo ezimbalwa ezabonisa indlela eya kulokho okwaziwayo namuhla.
Abalingiswa bale micimbi bekungamaqembu amabili aqhamuka ezindaweni ezihlukaniswe ngamakhilomitha. Eyokuqala, evela eSpain, yakhiwe uPablo Santos Sanz noJosé Luis Ortiz, kusukela ku-Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba, bekuyiqembu lesibili elakhiwe uMike Brown noChad Trujillo ngokulandelana. Babengabomdabu ngaleso sikhathi I-CALTECH, ukuncintisana ngelungelo lobunikazi likaHaumea.
Isici esihlobene nalokhu kutholwa futhi okufanayo kuzo zombili izimo, ukuthi amaqembu asebenzise izithombe ukuzivikela ukubona iplanethi. Nokho, ithimba eliholwa uSantos Sanz no-Ortiz lahlonza iplanethi kusukela ngo-March 7 kuya ku-10, 2003. Iqembu lesibili lalizoqinisekisa imiphumela ngemva konyaka, ngo-December 2004.
Kwavela kanjalo ukuzalwa kukaHaumea, iplanethi encane enezici ezifana nePluto. Kwakungaleso sikhathi lapho kwanikelwa khona isisekelo sokuqinisekisa ubukhona bezinto ze-trans-Neptunian nokwandisa ukubaluleka kwebhande le-Kuiper.
Nokho, ingxabano yaphakama ngoba ithimba likaBrown, Uncamele ukulinda ukuze azi kabanzi ngokutholakele. Umbuzo iqembu laseYurophu eliholwa nguSantos Sanz y Ortiz elingazange liwucabangele.
Ngemva kokwethula abakutholile ku-MPC, igama elicishe libe yisikhashana lanikezwa iplanethi entsha. NgoJulayi 2005, yamenyezelwa njengeHaumea, iplanethi yeshumi yeSolar System ngokulandelana.
Iplanethi iHaumea nakho konke okwaziwayo ngayo. Kunjani ngempela?
Umthombo: Google
Iplanethi iHaumea yayingenye yezinto ezinhle ezatholwa ngaleso sikhathi. Ngokuyisisekelo, kwasebenza ukuqinisa umbono wokuthi ngale kweNeptune nePluto, kwakusenezinto zasemkhathini okwakumelwe zaziwe.
Ngokuvamile, i-Haumea ingenye yamaplanethi amancane amahlanu abaluleke kakhulu ku-Solar System. Ngokwalokhu okukhethekile, ikleliswe endaweni yesihlanu kulokho kuhlukaniswa, ngemuva kukaPluto, u-Eris, uCeres noMakemake.
Iningi lomphakathi wesayensi liye laba nezinkinga ukufinyelela ukuvumelana ngezakhiwo zeplanethi i-Haumea. Nokho, okuye kwafinyelelwa esiphethweni ukuthi iyiplanethi enamatshe, ewumhlaba eneqhwa elikhulu endaweni yayo.
Ukubunjwa kanye nesimo
Iplanethi i-Haumea yaziwa ngesimo sayo esithile, okwesibili kumthelela omkhulu ngenye into enkulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukubukeka kwayo kwe-ellipsoidal noma i-3D ellipse sekuthole ukuduma nokuthakasela emphakathini wesayensi.
Mayelana nokwakheka kwayo, I-Haumea yaziwa ngokuthi imbozwe ungqimba oluncane lweqhwa. Ngaphansi kwayo, kulele ungqimba olunamadwala lwezinto ezahlukene, kuze kube manje, ezingakadalulwa.
Le yindawo ka Haumea
Ukubala indawo ye-Haumea's albedo akusizanga nje kuphela ukuthi ilinganisa ngokunembe kangakanani. Futhi, isebenze ukucacisa kabanzi mayelana nendawo yayo ngokujwayelekile. Okufanayo, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kunikezwe ungqimba olubanzi lweqhwa olukwazi ukukhombisa amaphesenti amakhulu emisebe.
Indandatho, izinyanga nezinye izici
awumea kuyaziwa ukuthi inendandatho enamatshe ezungeze ukuhlangana kwayo. Ngokulandelayo, ingenye yamaplanethi amancane anamasathelayithi emvelo, okuyi-Hi'iaka ne-Namaka ngokulandelanayo. Ngokwengxenye yayo, phakathi kwezinye izici ezithakazelisayo mayelana Haumea, ubude bosuku lwayo, nje phezu 4 amahora kanjalo.