Kubantu abaningi bezenkolo akuyona imfihlakalo ukuthi iBhayibheli lobuKristu lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: ITestamente Elidala neTestamente Elisha. Kokugcina, imibhalo ehlukene ingagqanyiswa, eyaziwa ngokuthi amavangeli. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi igama elizwakala lijwayelekile kithi ngokwenkolo, akubona bonke abazi kahle ukuthi amavangeli ayini.
Ukuze uphume ekungabazeni futhi ucacise lo mqondo kahle, sizokuchaza kulesi sihloko ukuthi iyini le mibhalo yeBhayibheli, mingaki, kanye nesifinyezo esifushane sawo ngamunye. Ngakho-ke uma ungacaci kahle ukuthi ayini amavangeli, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda.
Imaphi amavangeli esiwathola eBhayibhelini?
Igama elithi "iVangeli" livela esiLatini futhi lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "izindaba ezinhle". Imayelana nokulandiswa kwempilo namazwi kaJesu waseNazaretha. Ngamanye amazwi: Yizindaba ezinhle (noma izindaba ezinhle) zokugcwaliseka kwesithembiso uNkulunkulu asenza ku-Isaka, uJakobe no-Abrahama. Kuyo wathembisa ukuthi wayeyokhulula inzalo yakhe esonweni ngokufa kukaJesu Kristu, indodana yakhe ezelwe yodwa. Wayezofa ukuze ahlawulele isono esithinta bonke abantu, kodwa wayezovuka ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu ukuze anikeze kokubili ukuphenduka nentethelelo kubo bonke abakholwa kuye.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze siphendule umbuzo othi ayini amavangeli, singasho ukuthi ayimibhalo eyabhalwa amaKristu okuqala. Laba baqoqa ukushumayela kwasekuqaleni kwabafundi bendodana kaNkulunkulu, uJesu waseNazaretha. Umlayezo oyinhloko abawudluliselayo uhlobene nokufa nokuvuka kukaJesu Kristu.
Mangaki amavangeli?
ITestamente Elisha leBhayibheli liqukethe ingqikithi yamavangeli amane, aziwa nangokuthi amavangeli eBhayibheli. Lezi zibhekwa njengengxenye yesAmbulo, ngokwezivumo zobuKristu. Nakuba abanye ochwepheshe bephakamisa izinsuku zokuqala zokudalwa kwawo, iningi labo licabanga ukuthi amavangeli amane abhalwa cishe eminyakeni engu-65 kuya kweyi-100 AD Ngalinye lawo laziwa ngegama lombhali walo futhi avela ngalolu hlobo:
- Mateo
- Marcos
- Lucas
- Juan
Ngaphandle kwamavangeli eBhayibheli, kukhona neminye imibhalo eyaziwa ngokuthi amavangeli e-Apocrypha. Ngokungafani nangaphambili, lezi aziqapheli iSonto LobuKristu njengezinokwethenjelwa noma njengemibhalo ephefumulelwe ngokwaphezulu. Nokho, amanye amaqembu avela ekuhlukaneni kobuKristu, okwenzeka phakathi namakhulu eminyaka okuqala okuba khona kwawo, awabheka njengemibhalo engcwele. Enye yezindaba eziphikelela kakhulu kulokhu i-Gnostic, okuyiyona eyanikela iningi lala mavangeli e-apocrypha. Eminye imiphakathi yamaKrestu ebheka lemibhalo njengethembekile ivame ukuba leyo egcina ubudlelwano obuseduze nesiko lamaJuda.
Isifinyezo samavangeli e-canonical
Manje njengoba sesazi ukuthi amavangeli ayini, ake sibone ukuthi amayelana nani. Kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi amavangeli amane ohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli angahlukaniswa abe amaqembu amabili. Elokuqala kuzoba amavangeli ahlanganisiwe, ahlanganisa uMarku, uMathewu noLuka, ezigcina ukufana okuthile nokuhlobana mayelana nokulandisa nokuqukethwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iVangeli likaJohane, noma iVangeli Lesine, lihlukaniswa ngokwehlukana, njengoba liphawuleka kakhulu umehluko wendikimba nowesitayela ngokuphathelene namanye amathathu. Ake sizibone ngokuningiliziwe.
IVangeli likaMathewu
Ivangeli lokuqala leTestamente Elisha yilelo likaMathewu. Phakathi, lomphostoli ulandisa ukuthi uJesu waseNazaretha wenqatshwa njengoMesiya ka-Israyeli futhi ngenxa yalokho uyabulawa. Kamuva, uJesu Kristu umemezela isahlulelo kuIsrayeli futhi ugcina eba ukuphela kwensindiso yabantu abalungile nabamnene.
Ngalombhalo, ukungqubuzana nemizabalazo eyayikhona phakathi komphakathi wabavangeli namanye amaJuda ibonakala. Kulaba bamuva, ngemva kokulahla uKristu, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “uMbuso Wezulu” kususiwe, osekuphenduke okweBandla. Umgomo oyinhloko weVangeli likaMathewu wawuwukubonisa lamaJuda ukuthi uJesu Kristu wayewulowo Mesiya ababemlindile isikhathi eside kangaka.
IVangeli likaMarku
Bese kufika iVangeli likaMarku. Ilandisa ngempilo, izimangaliso, amazwi, kanye nenkonzo kaJesu Kristu. Ngokungafani noMathewu, owethula uJesu waseNazaretha njengoMesiya, UMarku unikeza ukubaluleka okwengeziwe esicini senceku kaNkulunkulu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ivangeli elifushane kunazo zonke le-canonical, kodwa futhi elidala kunawo wonke, ngokusho kochwepheshe.
IVangeli likaLuka
Esikhundleni sesithathu kukhona iVangeli likaLuka, elide kunawo wonke ohlwini lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Lo mbhalo ulandisa ngokuphila kukaJesu, ukunikeza ukubaluleka okukhethekile ekuzalweni kwakhe, inkonzo yasobala ayidala, ukufa kwakhe, ukuvuka kwakhe kanye nokwenyuka kwakhe ekugcineni. Umgomo kaLuka kwakuwukufinyelela abantu ababengalandeli lesi siko, ababengaphandle kokukholwa, ukuze abenze baqonde ukuthi uyini umyalezo wensindiso. Ngakho-ke, Ngokusobala iVangeli likaLuka linenjongo yokwelusa. Inhloso yalo mphostoli iwukubonisa uJesu Kristu njengoMsindisi, eqokomisa ngaphezu kwawo wonke umusa wakhe.
IVangeli likaJohane
Okokugcina, kusafanele sikhulume ngevangeli lesine: IVangeli likaJohane. Njengoba sesike sasho ngaphambili, lo mbhalo wehluka kancane kuneminye, kokubili ngendlela yokulandisa kanye nokuqukethwe kwayo. Phakathi kwezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zalokhu kubhala uhlamvu lwalo lwezinkonzo nezingokomfanekiso. Lombhalo ugxile ngokuyinhloko enkonzweni kaJesu yasobala kanye nemikhosi yamaJuda elandelanayo, kuhlanganise noMkhosi Wokunikezela, uMkhosi Wamadokodo, nePhasika. Ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi nezazi zeBhayibheli, iVangeli likaJohane linomlingiswa ophawuleka kakhulu oyimfihlakalo.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalo lonke lolu lwazi sengikucacisile ukuthi ayini amavangeli. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi singakwazi ukwazi okwengeziwe noma kancane ukuthi bamayelana nani futhi siqonde izinhloso zabo, kuhle kakhulu ukuzifundela thina ukuze siziqonde ngokujulile, ngisho ngaphandle kokuba amakholwa.