Ku-pantheon yamaGreki singathola inani elikhulu lezibalo ezinamandla, ezazinethonya empilweni yaseGrisi. Phakathi kwabo kugqama Athena, ekuqaleni eyayikhulekelwa njengonkulunkulukazi wemisebenzi yezandla, kamuva yahlotshaniswa nenkundla yempi. Funda konke ngalo nkulunkulu wamaGreki onamandla!
Ubani u-Athena?
U-Athena, enkolweni yamaGreki ungunkulunkulu ovikela idolobha, unkulunkulukazi wempi, ubuciko kanye nesizathu esisebenzayo, esikhonjwe amaRoma ngaphansi kwegama likaMinerva. Empeleni wayene-urbane futhi ephucuzekile, ukuphikiswa ngezindlela eziningi zika-Arthemisi, unkulunkulukazi wangaphandle ahlotshaniswa naye.
Kuthiwa lo nkulunkulu umdala kakhulu, mhlawumbe umsuka wangaphambi kwe-Hellenic futhi kamuva wamukelwa amaGreki amnika ezinye izici kanye nezici. Nokho, umnotho wamaGreki, ngokungafani nowamaMinoan, cishe wawungowohlobo lwezempi ngokuphelele, ngalendlela unkulunkulukazi owamukelwayo, nakuba imisebenzi yakhe yangaphambili, eyohlobo lwasekhaya, yaqashelwa, yaba unkulunkulukazi onamandla nothanda impi, unkulunkulu. lempi.
Wayeyindodakazi kaZeus, owavela ebunzini lakhe njengomuntu omdala hhayi kumuntu ongumama. Kwaba nenye indaba yokuthi uZeus wagwinya uMetis, unkulunkulukazi womkhandlu, ngesikhathi ekhulelwe, ukuze lo nkulunkulukazi ekugcineni aphume kuZeus, eyindodakazi eyintandokazi kankulunkulu wonkulunkulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, akungabazeki ukuthi wayenamandla amakhulu. .
Ukuhlangana kuka-Athena ne-acropolis yamaGreki cishe kwakungenxa yendawo yezigodlo zamakhosi lapho. Wayecatshangwa ukuthi akanalo umngane womshado noma inzalo futhi esikhathini esithile emlandweni kungenzeka ukuthi wayechazwa njengentombi nto, ngakho kuyisici esimlandelayo kusukela ekuqaleni kakhulu futhi kwaba isisekelo sokuchazwa kwe-epithets yakhe uPallas noParthenos.
Njengonkulunkulukazi wempi, lesi sibalo esifanelekile sasingekho ngaphansi kwamandla abanye onkulunkulu, u-Athena akakwazanga ukunqotshwa abanye onkulunkulukazi, njengo-Aphrodite oqhumayo, unkulunkulu onamandla amakhulu futhi owayengazange abhekane naye.
Njengonkulunkulukazi wesigodlo wayengenakudlwengulwa, into eyayimgcina ephephile konkulunkulu bama-Olympic abashisekayo futhi kwezinye izimo abangathembekile. Ku-Iliad kaHomer, u-Athena, njengonkulunkulukazi wempi, ukhuthaza futhi alwe eduze namaqhawe angamaGreki; usizo lwakho lufana nobuqhawe bezempi.
Futhi kuyi- Iliad , uZeus, unkulunkulu omkhulu, unikeza ngokuqondile umkhakha wempi u-Ares no-Athena, bobabili ababeyoba onkulunkulu abanamandla bempi nokulwa. Ukuphakama kuka-Athena kokuziphatha nezempi ngaphezu kuka-Ares kubangelwa ngokwengxenye yokuthi umelela uhlangothi lwempi oluhlakaniphile noluphucuzekile kanye nobuhle bobulungisa nekhono, kuyilapho u-Ares emelela nje ukunxanela igazi.
Ukuphakama kuka-Athena kuhlobene nezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kanye nokufaneleka kwemisebenzi eyenziwa nguye kanye nomuzwa omkhulu wokushisekela izwe walabo abandulele uHomer, ongazange anike u-Ares ukubaluleka okufanayo ngoba wayengowesinye isizwe, unkulunkulu ovela ezweni. izwe elingaziwa. Ku-Iliad, i-Athena iwuhlobo lwaphezulu lwe-heroic ne-karate ekahle: wenza samuntu ubuhle ekulweni okuseduze, ukunqoba, nenkazimulo.
Wonke amakhono nezimfanelo ezenza umehluko empini futhi ezihlale zimnika ukunqoba ekulweni kwakhe zigxile ku-egis noma isivikelo sesifuba sakhe: ukwesaba, ukuncintisana, ukuzivikela kanye nokuhlasela. Lo nkulunkulu usencwadini yakwaHomeric eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Odyssey, unkulunkulu ophethe ukuvikela nokuqondisa u-Odysseus kanye nezinganekwane zemithombo ethile ngemva kwalokho, umchaza ngendlela efanayo kakhulu, umvikeli kanye nomhlahlandlela wabalingiswa abafana noPerseus no. Heracles..
Njengomqaphi wenhlalakahle yamakhosi, u-Athena waba unkulunkulukazi wezeluleko ezinhle, ukulinganisela okuhlakaniphile nokuqonda okusebenzayo, kanye nempi. Izimfanelo ezibalulekile zobukhosi eGreece Yasendulo. Esikhathini esingemva kwempucuko yaseMycenaean, leli dolobha, ikakhulukazi inqaba yalo, lathatha indawo yesigodlo njengesizinda sasendulo sikankulunkulukazi. Isibalo sakhe sasihlonishwa ezindaweni eziningi emazweni asendulo, kodwa namuhla ngokuvamile sihlotshaniswa nedolobha lase-Athens kuphela, eligama lalo liwukuhlonipha unkulunkulu.
Ithonya lakhe kanye nenkolo yakhe ngaphansi kwegama elithi Athena Polias umnakekeli nomvikeli wedolobha, wayengumbukeli oqaphile kanye nomngane wezinguquko ezenza i-Athene izwe lentando yeningi, eshiya izinsuku zayo zedolobha lobukhosi.
Ukuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi kuleli dolobha kwabonakala emigwaqweni yaseParthenon, lapho kubonakala khona izingcezu zokuphila kwakhe, njengokuzalwa kwakhe kanye nokungqubuzana okudumile nonkulunkulu wolwandle, uPoseidon ngobuholi bomuzi othwalayo. igama lakhe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi..
Omunye umkhondo wokubaluleka kwakhe kanye nenkolo yakhe kwakuwumkhosi wamaPanathenaic, owawubanjwe ngenyanga kaJulayi, lapho ukuzalwa nokuphila kwakhe kwakugujwa khona. Indodana yakhe yokutholwa u-Erichthonius, enye yamakhosi ase-Athene, emlandweni waziwa njengomuntu ophethe umkhosi wamaPanathenaic, owawujatshulelwa njalo eminyakeni emine ukuhlonipha unkulunkulu.
Lo mkhosi wawuhlanganisa udwendwe oluhle oludabula idolobha, ukwethulwa ku-Athena kwengubo noma ingubo, ngokuvamile elukiwe, emelela iGigantomachy, nemidlalo yokugijima yokungesabi. Abaphumelele le midlalo, ngaphezu kwenkazimulo nekhredithi, bahlonishwe nge-amphorae ehlotshiswe ngezithombe zika-Athena, ezaziqukethe amafutha omnqumo aphezulu ngaphakathi.
Kodwa inkolo yakhe ayigcini kuleli dolobha, wayethandwa futhi ehlonishwa emadolobheni anesiko lezempi, njengeSparta eyaziwayo. Futhi endimeni yakhe njengomsunguli weThebes eBoeotia naseKorinte, lapho avela khona ezinhlamvu zemali zedolobha.
Izimpawu nezethulo
Lo nkulunkulu wesifazane wawuhlobene nezinye izinyoni futhi ikakhulukazi wawuhlotshaniswa nesikhova, umfanekiso otholakala kanye nenyoka phakathi kwezimpawu zomuzi ngakho-ke unkulunkulukazi. U-Athena waziwa ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi wezingcweti, esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba abe umnikazi nenkosikazi yempi, ngezikhathi zokuthula kwakuyizimfanelo ayekhunjulwa ngazo kakhulu.
Wayaziwa kakhulu njengosanta ongumvikeli wokuphotha nokuluka, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wagcina eqashelwa ngokomfanekiso njengobunkulunkulu obenza samuntu ukuhlakanipha nokulunga, intuthuko engokwemvelo yokuxhasa kwakhe ikhono.
U-Athena wayevame ukuvezwa egqoke izivikelo zomzimba nesigqoko futhi ephethe isihlangu nomkhonto. Abantu ababili base-Athene, umqophi wezithombe uPhidias kanye nombhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi u-Aeschylus, baba nesandla kakhulu ekusakazekeni kwamasiko kwesithombe sika-Athena.
Ugqugquzele ubungcweti obuthathu bukaPhidias, okuhlanganisa nesithombe esikhulu segolide nezinyo lendlovu se-chryselephantine sika-Athena Parthenos esake saba seParthenon futhi okukhulunywa ngaso enhlekeleleni emangalisayo ka-Aeschylus i-Eumenides. Kulokhu unkulunkulukazi u-Athena umemezela ukuthi ijaji lamadoda ayishumi nambili ase-Athene lahlulela u-Orestes futhi libheke ukuthi uyakufanelekela yini ukujeziswa. Khona-ke kuthiwa wasungula i-Areyophagu (umkhandlu wezicukuthwane wase-Athene).
igama nama-epithets
Izingcaphuno zika-Athena zaziziningi, zihlanganisa uPallas (intombazane) noParthenos (intombi nto), lapho ephakeme khona, ekhazimulayo futhi evelele phakathi konkulunkulu bezinganekwane zamaGreki, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungavumeli ubuhlobo obungemthetho nabanye onkulunkulu, abantu bonkulunkulu. ezibulalayo. Amanye ama-epithets ayeyi:
- I-Promachos (yempi), mhlawumbe ebhekisela empini yokushisekela izwe, ukuzivikela kanye namasu, kunokuba impi ehlaselayo, ngokungafani nomfowabo onolaka futhi othanda izingxabano, u-Ares,
- Ergane lapho bekhuluma ngobudlelwano babo nemisebenzi yezandla
- I-Nike, ukwenziwa samuntu kwenhloso yokunqoba.
ubuntu bukaNkulunkulu
Njengonkulunkulukazi wokuhlakanipha, umbango nobungcweti nendodakazi eyintandokazi kankulunkulu ophakeme uZeus, ngokuqinisekile wayengumcabango ohlakaniphe kunabo bonke, engesabi, enesibindi futhi enekhono elingenakuphikwa futhi elibukhali konkulunkulu bonkulunkulu bama-Olympian.
Nokho, ngokwezinganekwane zasendulo kwakusobala kakhulu ukuthi unkulunkulukazi kwakungafanele adlalwe ngaye, njengoba kwafakazelwa ukuguqulwa kwakhe esuka eMedusa eya eGorgon. Umuzwa wakhe wobulungisa wawumkhulu kangangokuthi izenzo zokungahloniphi zaziphindiselwa ngokushesha, njengoba kwakunjalo ngamaqhawe asendulo ngemva kokuthunjwa kukaTroy nokungcoliswa kwendlu engcwele kankulunkulukazi.
U-Athena uphana ngomuntu, wayevame ukuhlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yezandla yasendlini futhi kuthiwa wayenikeza abantu abafa izipho zokupheka nokuthunga. Kuthiwa futhi wayejabule futhi eyize kancane, ukuthi wasungula ama-aulo, kodwa ngokubona ukucabangela kwakhe nezihlathi zakhe ezivuvukele lapho edlala le mitshingo, waziphonsela ukuze zithathwe yi-satyr Marsyas.
ezinganekwaneni
Lo nkulunkulu unezinkomba eziningi zezinganekwane zamaGreki, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene namaqhawe, izimpi ezinkulu noma izigigaba ezinesibindi. Wayengumvikeli kaHercules, u-Athena uvame ukumsiza emisebenzini yakhe eyishumi nambili, isibonelo, lapho esekela umhlaba ngenkathi i-Atlas ifuna ama-apula angcwele e-Hesperides.
U-Perseus wayengomunye wezintandokazi zakhe futhi wanikwa isihlangu sokuzivikela ekufuneni kwakhe ukubulala uMedusa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wayehlala ohlangothini luka-Achilles futhi wamsiza ukuba abulale uHector. Umfundi wakhe u-Odysseus naye wayevame ukuthola inzuzo yokuhlakanipha kuka-Athena, isibonelo lapho kufika emqondweni wakhe umqondo wokugqoka njengesinxibi lapho ebuyela e-Ithaca, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi wayevikelekile emicibisholo yezimbangi zakhe lapho exoshwa. wesigodlo kubahlaseli.
UJason wayengelinye iqhawe elazuza ebuhlakanini buka-Athena lapho ekhuthaza u-Argo ukuthi akhe umkhumbi wokuqala wamaGreki, owawuzobizwa ngegama lakhe nodumo lwama-Argonauts.
U-Athena wayengomunye wabalingiswa abayinhloko be-akhawunti kaHomer ye-Trojan War e-Iliad, lapho esekela khona ama-Achaeans namaqhawe alwa empini, ikakhulukazi u-Achilles, abanikeza isikhuthazo nezeluleko ezihlakaniphile.
Abanye abalingiswa baphinde bathola umusa wakhe, kunjalo ngendaba kaMenelaus, osindisiwe kumcibisholo wePanderos noDiomedes, umkhonto wakhe, esiqeshini esiphawulekayo, uphambukisa u-Ares ngokwakhe. Uphinde wanikeza ukuvikelwa kwe-Odysseus futhi kuthiwa wamnika umbono weHhashi Lokhuni.
Ababhali basendulo, kuhlanganise noHomer noHesiod, bavame ukumbiza ngamagama ahlukene ezindabeni zabo, ngakho kuvamile ukufunda amagama afana nalawa. amehlo akhanyayo y I-Tritogeny ebhekise kunkulunkulu. Ubuye abizwe njalo ezindabeni njengoNkulunkulukazi we-Booty, unkulunkulukazi wezinwele ezithokozisayo, kanye no-Alalkomenaian Athena.
Wayengenakho ukuqhathaniswa nabanye onkulunkulukazi bamaGreki ngoba wayehlakaniphile, engesabi futhi ebulala, isibonelo u-Aphrodite wayengunkulunkulu oqhumayo owaphuma isibili lapho ebhekene no-Athena.
I-Acropolis, idolobha elithandekayo lase-Athena
Lo nkulunkulu uhlotshaniswa eduze ne-Athene, idolobha eliqanjwe ngaye ngokuhlonipha abantu base-Attica abamkhetha njengosanta wabo ongumvikeli ngemva kwesipho sabo somuthi oyigugu womnqumo, uphawu lokuthula nokuchichima eGrisi lasendulo.
Iningi lamafa ase-Athene emhlabeni avezwa enkabeni yemvelo yedolobha nendawo elikuyo. I-Acropolis yamemezela iNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba ngo-1987, iphakama ngamamitha angaba ngu-500 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, eneziphethu eduze nesisekelo kanye nokufinyelela okukodwa, i-Acropolis kwakuyisinqumo esisobala senqaba nendlu engcwele kankulunkulukazi nomvikeli wayo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. .
Ithempeli laseParthenon kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC. C., esaqhubeka ibusa i-acropolis yedolobha kuze kube namuhla, yakhiwe ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe futhi ingenye yamagugu agqamile engcebo yesintu neyase-Athene, lapho iminonjana kankulunkulukazi oyisivikelo yahlala khona ezizukulwaneni zabo, ngamasampula amahle obuciko.
Uma uthi nhlá nje ulibuka lilula ngendlela ekhohlisayo, leli thempeli elibude, elinezinsika liyinkulumo, engenawo nomkhondo wokushuba noma ukungqubuzana, yesimo esihle somuntu sokucaca nobunye. Ingqondo yezakhiwo igxile ngaphandle, ngoba ngaphakathi kwakukhona isiphephelo sikankulunkulukazi u-Athena, ungcwele ongcwele owaboleka igama lakhe edolobheni, kwakungeyona indawo yokukhulekela kwenqwaba, kuphela ngenxa yokuhlala kukankulunkulukazi wakhe othandekayo u-Athena.
Izinga layo elingokomoya, umuzwa wokuthi licishe lintante, lithuthukiswa ukuntuleka komugqa owodwa oqondile oqondile ku-peristyle, mpo ngayinye itshekile cishe ngokungabonakali futhi ngokombono icishe ibe ngamafidi angu-11.500 esibhakabhakeni.
Amakholomu, ehla ukujiya aqonde maphakathi nekholomu, nesikhala esinciphayo phakathi kwawo, aphinde ahleleke aqonde maphakathi, umehluko ongabonakali kubukani. Ngisho nokushaya umtshingo kukholomu ngayinye kuncipha ngobubanzi njengoba kuphakama, futhi imininingwane ephansi yobuciko iphelele. Isakhiwo esingaphezu kwemvelo, njengonkulunkulukazi owabavikela futhi ababemhlonipha ngezindlela eziningi ezihlukahlukene, lesi isibonelo esincane sedolobha elalithanda unkulunkulukazi wempi futhi oluthando lwakhe lwalufana.
Izinganekwane nezindaba mayelana no-Athena
Iningi lonkulunkulu bama-Olympian linezinganekwane ezithakazelisa kakhulu nomlando, okwakubaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabantu baseGrisi lasendulo. Izinganekwane ezidume kakhulu eziqukethe unkulunkulukazi u-Athena zifaka:
Ukuzalwa kwe-Athene
Elandisa uHesiod, emsebenzini wakhe, uTheogony, u-Athena onamehlo akhanyayo wakhulelwa uMetis owayengakwazi ukuzala, ngoba uZeus, owathola iseluleko kuGaia no-Ouranos, wanquma ukumgwinya. Ngakho u-Athena indodakazi yakhe endala wazalelwa uyise hhayi Metis, unina.
Manje uZeyusi, inkosi yonkulunkulu, waqala ukwenza uMetis (umkhandlu ohlakaniphile) umkakhe, futhi wayehlakaniphe kakhulu phakathi konkulunkulu nabantu abafayo. Kodwa lapho esezozala unkulunkulukazi onamehlo akhanyayo u-Athena, uZeus wamkhohlisa ngobuqili ngamazwi futhi wanquma ukumfaka esibelethweni sakhe, njengoba kweluleka uGaia (Umhlaba) no-Ouranos (iZulu) onenkanyezi.
UGaia no-Ouranos baqinisekisa uZeus ukuthi nguye kuphela okufanele asebenzise ukubusa kwangempela phezu konkulunkulu baphakade. Kodwa lawo mandla azosongelwa enye yezingane zakhe ezinoMetis.
UMetis the Titaness wayezoba nezingane ezimbili ebunyeni bakhe nenkosi yonkulunkulu: intombazane enamehlo akhanyayo uTritogenia, elingana noyise ngamandla nangokuhlakanipha. Wayezozala nendodana enomoya wobushiqela eyayizoba iNkosi yoNkulunkulu nabantu. Eshiya eceleni uZeus, owabona endodaneni yakhe usongo oluyingozi futhi wanquma ukuqeda impilo yomlingani wakhe.
Wadla uMetis ngaphandle kokuzisola, nakuba ngaleso sikhathi wayesekhulelwe u-Athena. Unkulunkulukazi wempi wakhiwa ngaphakathi kukaZeus futhi wazalwa ebunzini lakhe ngosizo lukaHephaestus, unkulunkulu womkhandi wensimbi.
Athena vs Poseidon
U-Poseidon wayengomunye wabanamandla futhi abaziqhenya kakhulu kuma-Olympians ayishumi nambili, umbusi wamanzi olwandle, ukuzamazama komhlaba, iziphepho namahhashi ahloniphekile.
U-Poseidon no-Athena babenengxabano eyaziwa kakhulu ezikhathini zasendulo, bobabili babekholelwa ukuthi banokufaneleka okwanele ukuba abe umvikeli wedolobha lasendulo lamaGreki, elihle kakhulu futhi elikhiqizayo ngaleso sikhathi, namuhla elaziwa ngokuthi i-Athens.
Ukuze kubonakale ukubaluleka kwabo njengomuntu ofanelekayo, kwanqunywa ukuthi unkulunkulu ngamunye alethe isipho edolobheni. UCecrops, kamuva owaba inkosi yokuqala yase-Athene, wayengumahluleli walo mncintiswano futhi wayezonquma ukuthi yisiphi isipho esasingcono kakhulu.
U-Poseidon wathinta phansi nge-trident yakhe futhi kwaphuma umthombo wamanzi onikeza abase-Athene ithuba lokuthola uketshezi, kodwa okunosawoti. Kunalokho, u-Athena wanika abase-Athene umuthi womnqumo, isihlahla esasibanika amafutha, ukudla nezinkuni.
Izakhamuzi zazibheka ukuthi lesi sihlahla sasibaluleke kakhulu kubo kunomthombo wamanzi anosawoti angenamsebenzi kankulunkulu wolwandle, ngakho u-Athena wawina umncintiswano. UPoseidon wathukuthela, wayengajwayele ukudelelwa, ingasaphathwa eyokulahlekelwa, ngakho eziphindiselela wathumela isikhukhula esibi ethafeni lase-Attic ukuze ajezise abase-Athene.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi leli dolobha lasimama futhi kamuva, isihlahla somnqumo saba uphawu lokuchuma kwezomnotho e-Athene, ogama layo lalihlonishwa umvikeli walo.
Athena futhi Medusa
I-Medusa yayiyisidalwa esibi kakhulu, eyaziwa ngokuthi iGorgon. Nakuba kungekho muntu owakwazi ukumbhekisisa, bamchaza njengesilwane esesabekayo, esibukeka njengesifazane esinezinyoka ezinobuthi lapho izinwele zakhe kufanele zibe khona.
Kodwa iMedusa yayingenjalo njalo. Ekuqaleni wayengowesifazane omuhle ngendlela emangalisayo, umpristikazi oyintombi kankulunkulukazi u-Athena. Ngaleso sikhathi imfuneko yokuba umpristikazi ka-Athena kwakuwukuba umsulwa.
Eyaziwa ngezindaba zakhe zothando nokungathathi impendulo, u-Poseidon wayefisa ngokujulile i-Medusa futhi wamjaha ngokungapheli. Owesifazane wazama ukuphunyuka ngokubalekela ethempelini lika-Athena, kodwa lokho akuzange kumvimbe unkulunkulu wolwandle onenkani. U-Poseidon wathola uMedusa futhi ngaphandle kokuzisola wamdlwengula phansi ethempelini.
Ngemva kokuthola lokhu, u-Athena wagcwala intukuthelo futhi wajezisa uMedusa ngokulahlekelwa ukuhlanzeka kwakhe, wamguqula waba yisidalwa esesabekayo. Izinwele zakhe ezinhle zanyamalala futhi esikhundleni sazo kwavela izinyoka ezesabekayo futhi zenza ubuso bakhe bungakwazi ukubukwa, njengoba nje ukububona kwakungenza ababukele baphenduke amatshe.
Athena futhi Perseus
UPerseus ungumsunguli odumile weMycenae, esinye sezikhungo eziyinhloko zempucuko yamaGreki. U-Athena wayethanda ikakhulukazi izinsizwa ezinesibindi futhi wasiza amaqhawe amaningi emikhankasweni yawo, njengoba ungase uqagele ukuthi omunye wabo kwakunguPerseus.
Lapho leli qhawe elinesibindi lithunyelwa ukubulala iGorgon Medusa, u-Athena wabonakala kuye futhi wamnikeza amathuluzi ayezowadinga ukuze ambulale.
Wanikeza uPerseus isihlangu sethusi esiphucuziwe, ukuze abone ukubonakaliswa kukaMedusa esikhundleni sokumbheka ngqo ebusweni, amsindise ekubeni aphenduke amatshe.
UPerseus waya emhumeni kaMedusa ngenkathi elele futhi ebona isithombe esihlangu esiphucuziwe, wasondela ngokuphepha wamnquma ikhanda. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izizukulwane zakhe ezimbili nazo ezazidumile ezinganekwaneni, uChrysaor noPegasus, zavela entanyeni yakhe. Wakhulelwa lapho uPoseidon edlwengula intombi.
Athena and Pallas
U-Pallas wayeyindodakazi ka-Triton, isithunywa solwandle futhi omunye wabangane abakhulu baka-Athena. UTriton wabafundisa ngenkuthalo bobabili ubuciko bempi, ababusebenzisa ngesikhathi somkhosi wokusubatha.
UPallas no-Athena balwa ngemikhonto empini yobungane ehlekisayo, lapho umnqobi kuzoba nguye okwazile ukuphuca isitha sakhe. Nakuba unkulunkulukazi wempi ayehola impi ekuqaleni, uPallas waphumelela ngemva kwesikhashana.
UZeus, emzamweni wokubona indodakazi yakhe inqoba, waphazamisa uPallas owayengakwazi ukuzivikela ngesikhathi ekuhlaselweni kuka-Athena. Unkulunkulukazi wempi wabulala umngane wakhe othandekayo ngephutha, ngoba akazange akugweme ukunyakaza kwakhe njengoba ayelindele.
Egcwele ukudabuka nokuzisola, u-Athena wadala iPalladium futhi kuthiwa waqopha lesi sithombe esifanekisweni somngane wakhe ofile. Usizi lwakhe ngale nto ayenzile lwamkhathaza kakhulu futhi wathatha lesi sihloko esithi Pallas njengenhlonipho kumngane wakhe ongasekho.
Kwathiwa uma nje iPalladium isekhona eTroy, leli dolobha lalingeke liwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, igama elithi palladium manje selisetshenziselwa ukusho noma yini okukholelwa ukuthi inikeza isivikelo noma ukuvikeleka. Futhi, isakhi samakhemikhali i-Palladium siqanjwe nge-asteroid Pallas, nayo eyaqanjwa ngegama elithi Pallas u-Athena alithola ukuze ahloniphe umngane wakhe.
Athena futhi Arachne
U-Arachne wayengowesifazane osemusha waseLidiya, odume kakhulu ngethalenta lakhe kunobuhle bakhe. Kuvele ukuthi le ntokazi yayingumluki onekhono futhi eyisipina, yayizethemba ngekhono layo kangangokuthi yaphonsela inselelo u-Athena, unkulunkulukazi wemisebenzi yezandla, emqhudelwaneni wokuluka.
U-Athena wayeluka indwangu enhle ebonisa onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi behlezi ndawonye eNtabeni i-Olympus futhi bebenzela izinto ezinhle abantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Arachne wayeluka indwangu egcona onkulunkulu nonkulunkulukazi, ebabonisa bedakwa futhi bekhubeka nxazonke, benza ukungcola kwazo zonke izinto.
Lapho u-Athena ebona lokho u-Arachne ayelukiwe, wathukuthela futhi wamkhomba ngomunwe. Ngaleso sikhathi futhi ngokuzumayo, ikhala nezindlebe zika-Arachne zashwabana, izinwele zakhe zawa, izingalo nemilenze yakhe yaba yinde futhi yaba mncane, umzimba wakhe wonke washwabana futhi wakhubazeka waze waba yisicabucabu esincane.
Igama lezicabucabu ngezilimi eziningi, kanye negama lesigaba se-taxonomic Arachnida, livela e-Arachne. owesifazane owadelela u-Athena futhi waklolodela onkulunkulu. I-Arachne the spider ivele izikhathi eziningi kumasiko adumile achazwe kumanoveli, amamuvi, nochungechunge lwethelevishini njengesicabucabu esibi.
Uma i-athikili yethu ibinjengokuthanda kwakho, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nezinye izixhumanisi ezithakazelisa kakhulu kubhulogi: