Khona-ke sizokukhombisa ngalesi sihloko esithakazelisayo mayelana ne Amasu Ezolimo zamaInca. Ungaphuthelwa! njengoba sizokunikeza ulwazi mayelana naleli siko elingajwayelekile nokuthi likwazi kanjani ukwenza amasu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezolimo.
Izici zezindlela ezintsha zezolimo zama-Inca
Ngolwazi olukhulu lomhlabathi, ezolimo ze-Inca zanqoba zombili izinkathazo ezethulwa indawo yase-Andean emagebhugebhu, kanye nezimo zezulu ezingezinhle, ngenxa yokujwayela amasu amasha ezolimo, avumela ukukhiqizwa kokuhlela ezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zaseTahuantinsuyo.
Ezinye izici ze amasu ezolimo ama-Inca
Ezolimo njengomsebenzi oyinhloko wezomnotho, ukwazile ukujwayelanisa imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene emvelweni, ngale ndlela kwatshalwa amazambane, i-olluco, ummbila, ubhatata nobhontshisi, phakathi kokunye.
Ngakho, ukuze balime insimu, babesebenzisa igeja noma i- tajlla enamandla omuntu, eyayihlanganisa induku enetshe eligobile noma isihloko sensimbi esinqanyulwa ngogongolo engxenyeni engezansi yalo, eyayisebenza njengesisekelo sokushayelela ithuluzi emhlabathini. futhi uvule izikhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, basebenzisa ubulongwe bezinyoni zasolwandle, obubizwa ngokuthi i-guano, namaqabunga esihlahla se-carob esifile njengomanyolo.
Ayeyini amasu ezolimo amaInca?
Kwezolimo zama-Inca, kwasetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene ezaholela emiphumeleni emihle kakhulu, njenge:
Amapulatifomu
Ezibizwa ngokuthi amasimu okulima, zazakhiwe emithambekeni yezintaba zafana nezitebhisi ezinkulu, ngale ndlela izindawo zomhlaba eziqukethwe izindonga zamatshe zaziphakanyiswa, zivimbele imvula ekuguguleni izwe futhi ibangele ukuguguleka kwezitshalo. Ngenxa yalokho, bawasebenzisa kangcono amanzi ajikeleza eziteshini ezincane kusukela ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lamapulatifomu kuya kwephansi kakhulu. Ukwengeza ukuthi ngale nqubo kungatholakala izivuno ezintathu ngonyaka.
Ukulima kwesiko lama-Inca kwathuthukisa le nqubo ngokudala izivivinyo zezolimo, ezakhiwe ngamapulatifomu ayindilinga, okwathi uma uwabuka nje kwabonakala njengezinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi. Kodwa empeleni kwakungamasimu okulima ane-microclimate ehlukile kulelo nalelo zinga lawo, okubavumele ukuba batshale izinhlobo eziningi zemifino nemidumba. Enye yelabhorethri enkulu yezolimo itholakala eMoray.
amagquma
Ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-waru waru, zazisetshenziswa ezandisweni zomhlaba ezazigcwala izikhukhula ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuze kugwenywe lokhu, ama-Inca ahlakulela izindlela zokutshala ngaphezu kwamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela enze kube lula ukugeleza kwemvula nokugcina inhlabathi inamanzi.
izimoto
Kwakungamadamu amanzi akhiwe imisele eminingana eyayivumela izitshalo ukuba zivumelane nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphetho yawo yenza utshani bukhule ukuze bondle imfuyo.
Ngokunjalo, izinqubo ze-hydraulic aqueduct zivumela ukuchelelwa kwezitshalo, isibonelo salokhu imigudu esuka eCumbemayo iye eCajamarca.
Phela, ukubaluleka kwezolimo ze-Inca kuncike ekutheni iningi lalezi zindlela zisasetshenziswa nanamuhla.
Izindlela Zokulima zama-Inca
Ngobuchule bezolimo siyaqonda izindlela noma izinqubo amaInca ayezisebenzisa phansi ukuze ukuxhashazwa kwezolimo kuqine futhi kuphumelele.
Lobu buchwepheshe bubonisa izinga lolwazi umuntu wase-Andean alizuzile kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe emzabalazweni wakhe wokuphila esimweni esinzima se-Andes.
Ukubaluleka
Isici esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe bezolimo be-Inca ukujwayela amasu endaweni yokulima, futhi esinye isici ukuthi ayenziwa jikelele kuwo wonke uMbuso. Amasu ezolimo kanye ne-hydraulic kanye nokugcinwa kokudla kuyimpumelelo engcono kakhulu yama-Inca, amasu awo ayinhloko:
I-Cochas noma i-Qochas
Kuyindlela evamile yasezinkangala eduze kwaseTiticaca. I-Qocha, okusho ukuthi idamu lamanzi, lakhiwa izimbobo eziyindilinga ezivuleke ngokuzenzela lapho kufakwa khona amanzi emvula. Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ikakhulukazi emabhange, avundile kakhulu ngoba anomswakama.
Kulinywa amazambane kuphela lapha. Amanzi ayengadluliswa ngamashaneli esuka kwelinye iqocha aye kwelinye. Ama-qocha asiza ukugwema isithwathwa se-puna, ngoba, njengoba kwaziwa, amanzi abamba ukushisa kwasemini futhi akukhiphe ebusuku, ngenxa yalokhu, kwakungenzeka ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphakeme.
AbakwaMahame
Kwakungamapulazi ambiwa, ambiwa noma ajuliswa njengemigodi emikhulu futhi akhiwe ikakhulukazi ogwini nomhlabathi oyisihlabathi. Ukumba kwenziwa ukuze kusetshenziswe umswakama wamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Qaphela ukuthi ungabhobozi itafula lamanzi ukugwema izikhukhula. Lapho batshala ummbila, izihlahla zezithelo nokunye. Ukusebenzisa amakhanda e-anchovy njengomanyolo.
I-Inca Coastal Hills
Ayesetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo namanye amasu ezolimo ngesikhathi se-Inca. Ziyizindawo ezithola umswakama omningi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka futhi zingatshalwa lapho, zakhiwe ngisho nemisele yokunisela yangaphakathi. Kwakuyizizansi zangempela zasogwadule ezazisiza ukwandisa umngcele wezolimo.
Amasimu
Zijwayelekile ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi ikakhulukazi ukutshala amazambane. Lezi kwakuyizibaya zezilwane (ama-llamas) lapho zazithatha khona ithuba le-taquia noma ubulongwe obuqoqiwe. Umswakama wemvula wawubeka isimo samasimu.
izinhlelo zokunisela
Phakathi nenkathi ye-Inca, imisele yokunisela yaseMochica, Chimú, Tallán, Maranga kanye nemisele engaphansi komhlaba (puquios) yaseNazca yahlala isebenza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kochwepheshe kulo mkhakha, kunobufakazi obanele bokuqiniswa kokwakhiwa kwemiselekazi ngesikhathi se-Inca, iningi labo elixhumene nokwakhiwa okukhulu kwamapulatifomu.
Okuningi ngo-Inca Agriculture
I-Inca Agriculture iyiqembu lezinhlelo ezisetshenziswa izakhamuzi zaseTahuantinsuyo ukulima umhlabathi. Nakuba babesezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Bakwazi ukuxhuma futhi bathole izixazululo kanye / noma amasu azobavumela ukuba benze umsebenzi wezolimo, hhayi kuphela e-Andes, kodwa nasezifundeni ezisogwini, izintaba nezintaba. ihlathi elihlanganisa ingxenye yendawo yeTahuantinsuyo.
Ngale ndlela, baqonda ukuthi ezolimo zisebenza kanjani ezindaweni ezehlukene ezinezimo zezulu ezihlukene, okwandisa ubunkimbinkimbi bolwazi nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo.
Ezolimo kwakuwumsebenzi oyinhloko wezomnotho kubo, abenze intuthuko enkulu kubuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa lo msebenzi, ukulima, ukutshala ngisho nokugcinwa kwemikhiqizo esivele ivuniwe.
Inca Agriculture Tools
AmaInca ayengakwazi ukulima ama-yunta, okuyizinkabi ezimbili noma iminyuzi ehlangene esetshenziselwa ukulima ohambweni olude ukunqamula izwe ukuze asebenze, kulokhu ngenxa yokungabikho kwalezi zilwane nendawo enezintaba. Kwengeziwe, bekungenakwenzeka ukusebenzisa le ndlela.
Kudingeka babheke indlela ethe xaxa yezandla esekelwe emzamweni wabo siqu, njenge- chaquitaqlla, uthi olucijile olunelinye ithiphu eligobile elalivumela unyawo ukuba lubekwe futhi lucindezelwe ukuze lunamathele luqine emhlabathini futhi ludale imisele.
Naphezu komzamo omkhulu odingekayo ukuze kwenziwe lo msebenzi ngaphansi kwaleli thuluzi lezolimo, kuze kube yimanje alikho elinye ithuluzi eselitholakele elidlula lona.
I-chaquitaqlla nayo yasetshenziswa kwezolimo zesiko laseChavín futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kule ngxube yamasiko anikezwe ukunwetshwa koMbuso Wama-Inca, bafunde amasu ayenziwa ngaphambili.
I-Inca Agriculture Fertilizer
Umanyolo kwezolimo uwumanyolo ofakwa emhlabathini ukuze uwondle futhi uwenze ulungele ukuhlwanyelwa, ukuze kutholakale izitshalo ezisezingeni elingcono futhi, ngakho-ke, izithelo ezingcono kakhulu.
Kuyo yonke le minyaka amaInca ayezinikele kwezolimo, siyabona ukuthi ayesebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zomanyolo, phakathi kwazo singagqamisa uhlobo lukamanyolo lapho ayehlanganisa khona imbewu nezinhlanzi ezincane. njengamasardine emhlabathini ukutshala ukolweni.
Lokhu kungaqinisekiswa kwezinye izindonga ezipendiwe zePachacamac lapho izitshalo zombila zingabonakala zihluma ezinhlanzini ezincane.
Olunye uhlobo lukamanyolo olwasetshenziswa futhi kwakuyi-"guano" edumile insiza eyatholwa endle ekhishwe ezinyonini ze-guano noma izinyoni zasolwandle futhi ekugcineni uhlobo lwesithathu lukamanyolo olwasetshenziswa kwakungamaqabunga afanayo esitshalo esichotshoziwe ngesando ukuze kwenziwe umquba. isitshalo esisha esizotshalwa.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko sithakazelisa, sikumema ukuthi ujabulele lezi ezinye: