Lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi wezezimali, izindleko ezikhiqizwayo kufanele zihlangatshezwe. Lokhu kungase kuhluke ngokuya ngezilinganiso zenzalo ezisetshenzisiwe, lezi zinzuzo zibaluleke kakhulu ukukhombisa inani elihambisanayo. Kungakho lesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi siquketheni nokunye okuningi.
Ngokuya ngephesenti elisetshenziswe yibhange, imali ebolekiwe isungulwa kanye nenzalo ehambisanayo
Amanani wenzalo
Intengo yemali enqubweni ethile isungulwa ngezilinganiso zenzalo, ezihlukaniswa zibe ezintathu: Lezo eziboniswa amabhange, lezo zemali mboleko ethile kanye nalezo ezibolekiwe zomuntu siqu. Ngamunye wabo usetshenziselwa ukukhombisa inani lemali ekusebenzeni okuhambisanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukukhokha isikweletu, noma ukuthengwa kweselula.
Kungashiwo ukuthi izindleko noma intengo ngayinye ihlotshaniswa nesilinganiso senzalo esisodwa esinobudlelwano nephesenti lemali enkulu. Ngale ndlela, insiza okufanele ikhokhwe ingaboniswa ngaphandle kwenkinga, ihlonze uma ingeyemali mboleko noma imali mboleko. Kodwa kunezinye izinhlobo ezisemthethweni ezingasetshenziswa kuye ngokuthi kuvela icala.
Isibonelo sezinye izinhlobo zenzuzo yilezo ezisungulwe yi-ECB, lezi okuyizifinyezo ze-European Central Bank ezisetshenziswa emisebenzini ngayinye esetshenziswayo noma eyenziwa kamuva emkhakheni wamabhange aphakathi kwamabhange. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunikeza abasebenzisi noma amakhasimende ithuba lokucela imali ebolekiwe okufanele ikhokhwe isikhathi esibekwe yisikhungo noma iqembu.
Lesi sikweletu sona sinenzalo esungulwe yibhange okufanele ikhokhwe ngenxa yesivumelwano esenziwa nekhasimende. Ngendlela efanayo, kunezindlu ezibolekiwe ezihlukile kunemali ebolekiwe, njengoba lokhu kuhilela okuhle noma impahla etholakalayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe inkokhelo elandelayo okufanele yenziwe esikhungweni.
Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa amasu athile okukhulisa imali engenayo enkampanini yakho, kuyanconywa ukuthi ufunde indatshana ethi Amasu Ebhizinisi
Ipharadigm yokuba usizo kwe-mortgage
Phakathi kwezilinganiso zenzalo, leyo yemali mboleko igqamile, engatholakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngendlela eguquguqukayo noma ngendlela emisiwe. Ngokuvamile, uhlobo lwe-mortgage eguquguqukayo lwaziwa kangcono noma olusetshenziswa izinkampani, lusetshenziswa kuze kufike ku-56%. Ngenxa yalokhu, ubudlelwano nemali mboleko yezindlu buyashintshashintsha njalo, ngakho inkomba yereferensi ingakhula noma yehle kuye ngecala elivelayo.
Endabeni yenkomba yereferensi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo engase yethule ekusebenzeni ngakunye kufanele kuhlaziywe. Ngalokhu, kufanele kuqashwe ukugadwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kuphathwe okwanele imali ebolekiwe ethile. Kufanele kwenziwe isigamu sonyaka noma kungenziwa ngisho minyaka yonke, njengoba le ntshisekelo eguquguqukayo yethulwa ngokuhlukahluka okuqhubekayo kwe-ECB.
Enye yezinkomba ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Euribor, esetshenziswa emalini yokubolekwa kwemali yenzalo futhi kufanele kuhlaziywe kusengaphambili, njengoba ingeyezinga eliguquguqukayo, ishintsha njalo ngesikhathi sokwenza abaphathi, bese kuba. ibuyisela kusukela kusilinganiso esinqunyiwe kuze kube isibuyekezo esilandelayo esimisiwe, okuyisikhathi sokushintsha kwenzalo.
Izici ezifanele
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuthi imali ebolekwayo ikhethwe ngesigaba esithile, esingashintshi noma esiguquguqukayo, njengoba sibeka inani okufanele likhokhwe ngesevisi enikeziwe. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlelo alubonisi ukuthi inkokhelo kufanele yenziwe kanjani ngoba leyo ndawo yezimali ikolunye uhlelo, okuwuhlelo lwe-amortization.
Uhlelo lwe-amortization luphinde lulolonge amanani enzalo, abe yingxenye ebalulekile yemali mboleko yendlu. Ngokuya ngesikweletu esisetshenziswayo, kungahlelwa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhokha, ukuze kube lula ngeklayenti ukuphatha ngayinye yezilinganiso okufanele zenziwe ngokwezilinganiso zenzalo ezinqunywe yinkampani.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi amanani e-accounting enhlangano anganqunywa kanjani, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi ufunde lesi sihloko nge Ungabala kanjani inani lenkampani
Uhlobo lwenzalo oluhlinzeka ngemalimboleko yomphakathi
Amaklayenti angafaka izicelo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zemalimboleko ngesikhathi adinga ngaso ukwenza ibhizinisi futhi angabi nayo imali eyanele, kodwa kugqanyiswe ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imali ebolekiwe emisiwe, ngamunye wabo unenzalo ethile okufanele ikhokhwe ngesikhathi esifanele. okuphoqelekile, okuyinani okuvunyelwene ngalo ngesikhathi kwenziwa lo msebenzi wemalimboleko.
Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo zemali mboleko, leyo eyaziwa ngokuthi yimalimboleko yomuntu siqu ingagqanyiswa, equkethe imali eyengeziwe iklayenti eliyitholayo enombandela wokubuyisela inani enkampanini noma ebhange elithile. Isikhungo sinikeza imali ecelwe kusenesikhathi, ngakho ikhasimende linenani eliceliwe lokuqhuba ibhizinisi elinalo, kodwa kufanele lisayine isivumelwano esiqinisekisa ukuthi inani elinikeziwe lizokhokhwa.
Ukuze kutholwe inani lenzalo okufanele ikhokhwe kanye nenani eliceliwe, kubalwa imali eceliwe bese yengezwa, kunikeze ngokunembe kakhudlwana lokho okufanele kubuyiswe. Kuyagqanyiswa ukuthi kulolu hlobo lwemali mboleko awekho amanani okubhekisela kuwo njengoba alawulwa kuphela amaphesenti ukuze athole inzalo ehambisanayo.
Lokhu kuphinde kuncike enkampanini eyenza lo msebenzi njengoba ingase ibe nezilinganiso zenzalo ehlukene okufanele ikhokhwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kunconywa ukuthi ufunde inani elimaphakathi elingakhokhwa ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uzokhokha, njengoba uma ungahambisani nale nkontileka, kungenzeka kube nezijeziso ezihlukahlukene njengokulahlekelwa impahla. noma ngisho ukuya ejele.
Izici ezibalulekile
Unethuba lokuhlukanisa i-TIN ne-TAE ukuze ukwazi ukucacisa imalimboleko ezokwenziwa nokuthi iyona elula kakhulu. I-TIN imele Izinga Lenzalo Lemalimboleko yemalimboleko, elibonakala ngokuba lula nokungagwegwesi, okuhlanganisa izindlela zokukhokha ezihlobene nezinga lenzalo elisungulwe inkampani.
Endabeni ye-TAE, ziyisifinyezo se-Annual Equivalent Rate, enenjongo yokusungula noma yokulungisa izikhathi zokubala ezifanayo kakhulu; yona yavala ukuqedwa okuceliwe minyaka yonke. Izindleko ezengeziwe ezikhiqizwe yimali mboleko zixhunywe kuyo, zigqamisa ikhomishana yokuvula futhi esimweni sokukhansela imali mboleko kusengaphambili.
Ngenxa yalokhu, i-APR isetshenziselwa ukuqhathanisa inzalo esungulwe kusevisi ethile ngezikhathi zokukhokha ezihlukahlukene noma imigomo. Lokhu ngesisusa sokusebenzisa imali ebolekiwe elula kakhulu futhi etholakala kuklayenti ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nenkokhelo ethenjisiwe futhi eqinisekisiwe kwinkontileka esemthethweni nesikhungo.
Izindlela zokubolekwa kwemali ebhange
Kunezinye izinhlobo zenzalo ezisetshenziswa ediphozini yasebhange, ngokuvamile isikhathi esinqunyiwe lapho iklayenti lethula inani eliceliwe enkampanini noma ebhange isikhathi esithile ngombandela wokuthi iholo elithenjisiwe liyatholakala. Lo msebenzi ngokuvamile uwuhlobo lwemalimboleko esetshenziswa kuthishanhloko yenani lesicelo.
Imibandela okufanele kukhokhwe ngayo kufanele isungulwe noma inqunywe, ukuze inani elibolekiwe lihlukaniswe ngama-fractions ukuze kube nokwenzeka ukuvala lesi sikweletu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa yonke imali ekukhokheni, kodwa esikhundleni salokho inkokhelo ilethwe nge- inani elikhethiwe ngesikhathi ngasinye. Uma kuvela icala lapho kusetshenziswa khona amadiphozithi, amanani enzalo aveza inzuzo ezotholwa ngemali.
Ukuncika kwimalimboleko yebhange
Imisebenzi yasebhange ihambisana nezinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo futhi kuye ngecala, phakathi kwalokhu kukhona ukuncika kwezici ezihlukahlukene ezibeka imingcele yenqubo ngayinye ukugwema ingozi yokulahlekelwa enkampanini kanye neklayenti. Ngale ndlela, kungenzeka ukunquma ubungozi obutholakala emalini ebolekiwe ethile, kunikeze ithuba lokufeza izindlela ezinenzuzo kakhulu zokuthengiselana.
Ngenxa yalokhu kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi imali ebolekiwe yokuhlinzwa ishintshashintsha kakhulu. Inqubo eyodwa ayifani nenye, ngakho-ke icala ngalinye kufanele lihlaziywe ukuze kucaciswe inani eliqondile lemalimboleko. Kungakho amanani enzalo asetshenziswa isikhungo esimweni sengozi yemalimboleko yasebhange eboniswa ngezansi:
isikhathi semalimboleko
- Yigama elisungulwe yibhange
- Uma isikhathi esinqunyiwe side, izinga lenzalo kufanele libe phansi
- Uma isikhathi semalimboleko sisifushane, izinga lenzalo liphezulu
- Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ekusebenzeni okufushane umhlomulo wenhlangano uphansi, ngakho iklonyeliswa ngokuba nenzalo ephezulu.
- Kodwa-ke, uma kwenziwa idiphozithi yasebhange, izinga lenzalo liphezulu kusetshenziswa ukusebenza kunesikhathi eside
- Ibhange kumele lihlaziye udaba ngalunye ukuze likwazi ukulungisa isithuthuthu ngenzalo efanayo futhi ikhasimende kufanele livume ukusikhokhela.
Uhlobo lwenqubo
- Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokusebenza ezihlobene nezilinganiso zenzalo
- Uma kuphakama icala lapho umsebenzi unempahla yokucela imali ebolekiwe, inikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi inani eliceliwe lizokhokhwa ngezitolimende ezihlukahlukene.
- Kulezo zimo inzalo isuka ku-1% iye ku-4%
- Lapho umsebenzi wenziwa ngekhadi lesikweletu ukuze umuntu azitholele impahla noma impahla yakhe, inzalo iyashintshashintsha phakathi kuka-24% no-25% ngoba le mikhiqizo ayisona isiqinisekiso sokukhokha.
Iphrofayili njengomsebenzisi
- Ngesikhathi kutholwa imali ebolekiwe yasebhange, inhlangano ngayinye ifunda ngendlela iklayenti elingathola ngayo imali ukuze likhokhe, isibonelo nge-payroll.
- Uhlobo lwenkontileka etholakalayo emsebenzini luyahlaziywa
- Noma yisiphi isikweletu esitholakalayo kufanele futhi sigqanyiswe.
- Ngokulandelayo, umlando wesikweletu uboniswa ukuze uqinisekise izibopho zeklayenti
- Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuklayenti ngalinye, yingakho kunconywa ukuthi iphrofayili onayo ihlanzeke ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze inqubo yokuboleka imali ibe lula.
- Lokhu futhi kukunikeza ithuba lokucela inani elikhulu lemali ebhange.
I-ECB kanye ne-Euribor
Endabeni ye-ECB, inamazinga enzalo asungula inani elisemthethweni lemali eliqondiswe ku-EU, okuyisifinyezo se-European Union. Ngendlela efanayo, inani elithile lemali limiselwe i-Fed, okuyisifinyezo se-Federal Reserve enesibopho sokunquma inani lenzalo eBhange LaseNgilandi.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, i-ECB ibeka inani lokuthengwa nokudayiswa kwemali okwenzeka e-European Union. Ngenxa yalokhu, inqubekelaphambili yayo ibalulekile emikhiqizweni nasekusebenzeni kwezezimali okutholakala enkampanini noma ebhange. Isibonelo salokhu amadiphozithi ebhange kanye nemalimboleko enikezwa amakhasimende.
Uma izilinganiso zenzalo zikuvelu ephansi, amadiphozithi awanayo imbuyiselo eyanele, kunalokho kuyindlela elinganiselwe, edala ithuba elincane kubasebenzisi ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lokusebenza. Esimeni lapho izinga lenzalo likhuphuka, ukutholakala kwamadiphozithi kuyenyuka.
Endabeni ye-Euribor yehlukile, njengoba ikhula njengoba amanani enzalo enyuka, abe kusengaphambili ngokuhambisana ngenxa yobudlelwano phakathi kwabo. Iqhubeka nokunquma inkomba ngokubala nenani lemali mboleko yasebhange enikezwe amabhizinisi amakhulu e-Europe.
Ngokusekelwe emigomeni esungulwe yokukhokhwa kwesikweletu ukuze sibe masonto onke, nyanga zonke noma ngisho nonyaka. I-Euribo iphinda isebenzisa izikhathi zonyaka njengezindlela eziyisethenjwa ukuze inikeze amakhasimende imalimboleko, ngenxa yalokhu inani lenzalo livame ukuba phezulu.
