Amagatsha Ezemvelo Bafundani? futhi yiziphi?

I-Ecology igatsha lesayensi yezinto eziphilayo elifunda ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene nendawo esizungezile. Ngokubuka inkimbinkimbi yobudlelwano phakathi kwezidalwa eziphilayo, izazi zemvelo ziye zakha amagatsha ahlukene njengesayensi yemvelo yabantu, i-biogeochemistry, i-ecology yomphakathi namanye. Ngiyakumema ukuthi wazi amagatsha ahlukene e-Ecology.

amagatsha e-ecology

Isayensi ye-Ecology

Igama elithi "Ecology" lisuselwa egameni lesiGreki elithi "Oikos" elisho ikhaya kanye negama elithi "logo" lisho ukufunda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igama elithi "Ecology" libhekisela ekufundeni kwendlu kanye nendlu yazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, okungukuthi, "Imvelo noma Imvelo". Igama elithi ökologie laqanjwa isazi sefilosofi saseJalimane u-Ernst Haeckel ngonyaka we-1869.

Uma imvelaphi yayo seyaziwa, kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi isiyalo se-"Ecology" sihlanganisani, lena isayensi ehlola ukuhlobana phakathi kwemvelo esizungezile nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Inhloso yayo ukutadisha ukuziphatha kwezingxenye ezihlukene ze-biotic kanye ne-abiotic nemvelo. Le sayensi ikuvumela ukuthi uhlole izinto ezahlukahlukene ezithinta abantu kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwazo.

I-Ecology ihlobene njengesayensi kuchwepheshe bebhayoloji nesayensi yomhlaba. Kanjalo nezakhi zofuzo, i-ethology, i-geography. Amaphrojekthi lapho kusetshenziswa khona izifundo zemvelo zifuna ukukhomba ukuthi ukuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji kuyithinta kanjani yonke imvelo emhlabeni.

Amagatsha e-ecology

Ngokusebenzisa isayensi yezemvelo kungenzeka ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane (kuhlanganise nezinhlobo zabantu) nezitshalo nokwazi ubudlelwano bazo nezinto eziphilayo, ezakha imvelo ehlukene. Amagatsha E-Ecology ahlukahlukene, ngenxa yokuthi afuna ukuhlanganisa amagatsha ahlukene ukuze ahlaziye ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi okwenzeka endaweni ezungezile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ku-ecosystem yemvelo neyokwenziwa.

i-biogeography

I-Biogeography igatsha le-ecology elifunda i-geography ye-biosphere. Inhloso yaleli Gatsha Le-Ecology ukufunda ukusatshalaliswa kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zemvelo noma i-ecosystem. Ngokucabangela zonke izici ezithintayo, okungukuthi, ihlola imithelela yezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni zemvelo. Kuyigatsha le-ecology eligcwalisa ibhayoloji kanye nejografi ebonakalayo.

amagatsha e-ecology

I-Chemical ecology

Ngaleli Gatsha Le-Ecology elibizwa nge-Chemical Ecology, linomgomo wokufunda izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezithinta izinto eziphilayo. Ucwaningo lwayo oluyinhloko ukuqonda izinhlangano zamakhemikhali ahlukene abamba iqhaza ezinqubweni zokukhula, ukukhiqiza nokuphilisana.

i-biogeochemistry

Leli gatsha licwaninga ukusebenzisana kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo kanye nezingxenye ezihlukene ze-geochemical futhi linenjongo yokuhlaziya imisebenzi ehlukene yezinhlanganisela ze-biotic kanye ne-abiotic, kusukela ekuhlanganiseni kwamaselula kuya kuma-ecosystems lapho abamba iqhaza khona. Leli Gatsha Le-Ecology lifunda imijikelezo eyahlukene ye-biogeochemical, ukuze lihumushe ukuziphatha kwezakhi zamakhemikhali ezihlukene phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ze-biotic kanye ne-abiotic organisms eziyingxenye yemvelo phakathi nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene.

Futhi, qonda ukuthi imijikelezo ye-nitrogen, i-potassium, i-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo nezinye izinto ezikhona zenzeka kanjani. Njengamanje, leli Gatsha Le-Ecology lihlanganisa ocwaningweni lwalo izinqubo nezinto ezihilelekile ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ukudla, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.

I-Ecology Yomphakathi

Leli Gatsha Le-Ecology, elibizwa nge-Community Ecology, linenjongo yokutadisha ukuziphatha kweqembu elithile lezilwane ezihlala endaweni ethile. Ngaleli Gatsha Le-Ecology, lifunda ukuziphatha kwezinto eziphilayo futhi lihlole umthelela wazo endaweni ezungezile.

I-Succession Ecology

Leli gatsha lifunda izinguquko eziqhubekayo noma ukushintshwa kwemvelo kwezinto eziphilayo eziyingxenye ye-ecosystem ngabanye. Lezi zinguquko ziyacwaningwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi zinethonya kanjani ukwakheka komphakathi. Kusukela ocwaningweni lokulandelana kwemvelo sithola ukwazi umsuka nokuvela kwezinto eziphilayo.

I-Ecology Esetshenziswayo

Izifundo ze-ecology ezisetshenziswa ngezindlela nezindlela zemvelo, zixazulule izingxabano zemvelo. Ngenhloso yokubuyisela ibhalansi yemvelo yalezo zindawo lapho esikhathini esithile imvelo iye yathinteka kabi imiphumela yokungcola ngenxa yezenzo zemikhuba emibi yabantu nezikhungo.

I-Ecotoxicology

Umsebenzi waleli Gatsha Le-Ecology ukuqapha indlela eholela ekukhiqizeni imfucuza enobuthi engaba nomthelela emvelweni. Lokhu ngenhloso yokudala isu eliphendula indlela yokugwema umonakalo wokungcola futhi ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe noma iyiphi ingozi engase ithinte zonke izinto eziphilayo. Igatsha le-Ecotoxicology lisiza ukufunda izinga lokungcoliswa kwemvelo, isikhathi sokuchayeka esingathinta impilo nezinye izinto ezikhombisa ubuthi.

Igatsha le-Ecophysiology

Ivumela ukulandelela izici zomzimba okungenzeka zisebenzisana nezici ze-abiotic endaweni. Izazi ze-ecophysiologists zifunda zonke izici zemvelo ezifana nemvula, imijikelezo ye-biogeochemical, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, inkathi yonyaka, nokunye. Ngaphezu kokuthi ukungenelela kwesandla somuntu ngokusebenzisa amaqembu ahlelwe ngabanye kungathinta ukushintshaniswa kwamandla phakathi kwezidalwa eziphilayo nendawo yazo.

I-Landscape Ecology

NgeGatsha Le-Landscape Ecology, uchwepheshe uzokwazi futhi atadishe ukuxhumana nokusebenzelana phakathi kwezingxenye zezwe, kubhekwa izici zesikhashana, zesakhiwo kanye namasiko. Inhloso yawo ukufaka ngaphakathi kunembeza womuntu ngamunye kanye nemiphakathi, ukuzivikela, ukuvikelwa kanye nolwazi lokuguquguquka kwemvelo yendawo esihlala kuyo sonke.

I-ecology esebenzayo

Leli gatsha lisiza ukutadisha ukusebenza nokuhleleka kwezinhlelo zemvelo. Inenhloso yokufunda nokugcina izinto eziphilayo ngokusebenzisa ukuqonda kwesayensi ngakunye kokuziphatha kwazo. Ifuna ukuthi wonke amalungu omphakathi afunde ukusebenzisa imithombo yemvelo ngendlela enengqondo. I-Functional ecology igatsha elisebenza ngendlela enemisebenzi eminingi enedatha evela emisebenzini efana nesayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu, ezomnotho namasiko.

imvelo yomlilo

Leli gatsha livumela ukutadisha umthelela wemililo ezindaweni zemvelo kanye nomthelela wawo ezicini ze-biotic kanye ne-abiotic ezithinta ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwendawo ethintekile. Lolu cwaningo luvumela ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwemiphumela ebangelwe ukusha kwehlathi ku-ecosystem. Ivumela ukwazi umphumela wemililo ezintweni eziphilayo ezithole umthelela wazo.

Imvelo yasolwandle

Ivumela ukuqapha ukuziphatha kwezilwane zasolwandle ezindaweni ezihlukene zasolwandle. Leli gatsha lisiza ukwazi ukuhlobana kwemisebenzi eyenziwa abantu nemvelo yasolwandle. Ngokunjalo, gcina umkhondo wokuguquguquka kwezinhlobo zezilwane nokuthi ukungenelela kwazo kungaba nomthelela kanjani ezinqubweni zokuphakela, ukuzala, ubudlelwano obuthile obuthile kanye nobudlelwano obukhethekile, kanye nokuziphatha ngokujwayelekile.

i-macroecology

Inhloso eyinhloko yegatsha le-macroecology ukutadisha izinqubo zemvelo. Ngokuqondile, lezo zenziwa ngezikali ezinkulu. Ngokusetshenziswa kwaleli Gatsha Le-Ecology, kungenzeka ukuthi kuklanywe futhi kwenziwe uhlelo oluhlola amaphethini akhombisa ukuziphatha kwemiphakathi, idatha engadalulwa futhi ifake isandla neminye imikhakha ehambisanayo.

i-ecology yomhlaba wonke

Leli Gatsha Le-Ecology linesibopho sokwenza ucwaningo ngokuhlanganyela neminye imikhakha ehambisana ne-ecology, futhi kusukela kulo mbono womhlaba wonke ukutadisha izimo nezinkinga zemvelo ezahlukene. Ngaleli gatsha, sifunda ukuthi izakhi zemvelaphi ye-biochemical zithinta kanjani ukuziphatha komphakathi. Leli gatsha lihlaziya imiphumela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nomthelela wako ekuziphatheni kwezidalwa eziphilayo.

I-Hierarchical ecology

Leli gatsha le-ecology linenjongo yokufunda ukwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo. Igatsha le-hierarchical ecology lifunda imiyalo ehlukene ukuthi zonke izinto eziphilayo kanye nezingxenye ze-abiotic zemvelo ezithathayo ngokuya ngezigaba zazo. Kusukela ku-athomu, amaseli, izicubu, izitho kuya kuma-ecosystems kanye ne-biosphere.

i-ecology ngayinye

Leli gatsha lenza izifundo ze-ecology yomuntu ngamunye kanye nokusebenzelana kwakhe nendawo ahlala kuyo, liqhathanisa ukuziphatha kwazo nezinye izinto eziphilayo ngale ndlela, ukufana kwazo kanye nokwehluka kwazo kuyafundwa. Iphinde ifunde izici zayo: ukuzala, i-physiological, i-genetic, izinqubo ze-metabolic nezinye. I-Individual Ecology icwaninga ukuthi ufudu luphila isikhathi eside kangakanani, ukuthi luziphatha kanjani, kanye nolunye ulwazi oluthakaselayo ukuze kutholwe umthelela wemvelo kulezi zilwane.

Imvelo yabantu

Lokhu kuphathelene nokuqapha inani labantu abaphilayo, ukuze kuhlaziywe ukuziphatha kwezinhlobo zezilwane phakathi kwabantu bazo, ngoba lokhu kucwaninga umjikelezo wabo wokuphila, ukuziphatha kanye nokusebenzelana nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Hlaziya ukuthi izithinta kanjani izindawo ezihlukene zemvelo, abantu abahlukene kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane endaweni eyodwa ngesikhathi esinikeziwe.

i-ecosystem ecology

Ngaleli gatsha, ukuziphatha okuhlukene okwenzeka phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuyafundwa, mayelana nokuthi imiphumela yezingxenye ze-abiotic, ku-ecosystem lapho zihlala khona kanye nama-biotopes ahlukene, nezinye izici ezinethonya. Leli gatsha likala ukugeleza kwezakhi zamakhemikhali ezitholakala emvelweni, njenge: potassium, iron, phosphorus noma magnesium. Ifunda ubudlelwano phakathi kwesikhunta noma amagciwane ukuze izinto eziphilayo zikhiqizwe emvelweni.

Ngikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda ngemvelo emangalisayo, ufunde okuthunyelwe okulandelayo:


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