I-Freesia isitshalo esinezimbali ezimise okwecilongo eziqwini. Bagqama ngenxa yephunga labo elimnandi nombala omuhle, ngaphezu kwalokho, baziswa kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwabo ekuhlelweni kwezimbali. Zitshalwa engadini noma ezimbizeni, futhi kufanele zinikezwe inhlabathi emanzi, ekhishwe kahle, okungcono kakhulu ebekwe elangeni. Funda ukuze uthole ukuthi banjani amaFreesia kanye nokunakekelwa kwawo.
Anjani amaFreesia?
Imbali yase-Afrika enephunga elimnandi futhi egqamile ngenxa yemibala yayo ephuzi, ebomvu, ebomvana, esawolintshi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nensomi, engakhiqiza izimbali ezingamashubhu ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa isiqu ngasinye futhi ifinyelele usayizi wamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-60 lapho ibekwe elangeni. zinde, zikhula kahle lapho zibekwe elangeni, kodwa zisabekezelela indawo yokutshala ethola umthunzi omncane. Zihlwanyelwa ngama-bulb alungiselelwe ngaphandle ngo-Ephreli ukuze ziqhakaze ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma zingatshalwa endaweni epholile ebamba ukushisa ukuze kuqhume intwasahlobo.
Iziqu ze-Freesia zincane futhi azikwazi ukusekela isisindo sezimbali ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqiza izimbali eziphindwe kabili. Isistimu yesiteki ekhulayo enegridi yokubamba izimbali namaqabunga izogcina izitshalo ziqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibalulekile engadini esikiwe, lapho izimbali zingalahlwa khona lapho imbali yokuqala esiqwini ivuleka bese ezinye ziqala ukuveza umbala, Lapho zisikwa, zingahlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-12 ku-vase enamanzi.
Indlela yokukhulisa i-Freesias?
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ama-Freesia bulbs angena esigabeni sawo sokukhula ngesikhathi sekwindla, kufanele atshalwe ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka endaweni enelanga engadini enenhlabathi ecebile, okufanelekile insimu enesihlabathi evundliwe nge-humus noma umquba. Njengoba ama-bulbs emancane awadingi ukutshala ajulile, vele uwabeke ekugcineni, u-5cm ukushona no-5-10cm ukuhlukana, wakhe amaqembu okungenani ama-5 noma angu-7, ngakho abukeka kahle kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, okumele kwenzeke emasontweni ayi-12 ngokuvamile. .
Ama-Freesia awazona izimbali eziqinile ezibandayo futhi adinga amazinga okushisa asebusuku angaba ngu-10 kuya ku-55 degrees ukuze enze imiqumbe. Kodwa-ke, kungaphawulwa ukuthi uma ungenakho ukufinyelela ku-greenhouse epholile kufanele uwahambise ezitsheni egaraji elingashisi noma elahlwe njalo ebusuku. Futhi, ama-freesias akhetha umswakama ongaba ngu-40% kuya ku-50%, okungaba nzima ukuhlinzeka ngesimo sezulu esomile. Ngokulandelayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi lapho amahlumela okuqala ephuma emhlabathini, sebenzisa umanyolo wezimbali olinganiselayo, lokhu kufanele kuphindwe phakathi nazo zonke ezinye izigaba zokukhula futhi ugcine izitshalo elangeni eligcwele.
Ukutshala endlini noma ku-greenhouse
Ngaphakathi, ama-bulb azoqhakaza kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-April uma etshalwe phakathi kuka-August no-December. Okufanelekile, ukutshala kuka-Okthoba kufanele kuqhakaze ngoMashi isikhathi esingamaviki amane kuya kwamahlanu. Beka ama-bulb ngokuhlukana ngamasentimitha angu-5 ukuya kwangu-8 futhi amathiphu aphume emhlabathini. Nisela ngemva kokutshala bese uwabeka endaweni epholile, engenasithwathwa, njengendawo ebandayo, ku-5 degrees Celsius isikhathi esingangenyanga. Bese udlulisela amabhodwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma endaweni epholile enokushisa kwe-10 kuya ku-15 degrees Celsius ebusika.
Nikeza ukukhanya nokungenisa umoya okwanele, futhi ungakuvumeli ukuthi zome. Sekela ukusekela kwesitshalo esikhulayo ngamagatsha noma ngocingo njengoba iziqu zikhula. Faka ingxube ecebile potassium njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kusukela ekuqubukeni kokuqala. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, nquma izimbali ezibunile futhi uqhubeke unisela futhi udla kuze kube yilapho amahlamvu eqala ukubuna. Isinxephezelo sizophromothwa ezinyangeni ezi-2. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi uma iqhubeka nokukhula unyaka wesibili, amahlamvu kufanele ome ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
Yini ukunakekelwa?
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi evundile kahle kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwayo, ngakho-ke kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuze kube nenhlabathi efanelekile, evundile kahle ukuze kutholakale umsoco wezitshalo nokwenza ngcono ukugeleza kwamanzi. Mayelana nokunikezwa kwamanzi adingwa yisitshalo, gcina inhlabathi imanzi kodwa ingabi manzi njengoba amahlumela amasha ekhula, kunconywa ukuthi ukuchelela kwenziwe kanye ngesonto uma sekuqhakazile, bese kuncishiswa ukuze umhlabathi wome lapho amahlamvu ephenduka. ophuzi futhi uqala ukushwabana.
I-Freesias ayizona izimbali eziqinile ezibandayo futhi ngokuvamile zitshalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo njengama-annuals ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwendawo yazo ekhulayo. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo zidinga amazinga okushisa asebusuku angaba ngu-10 degrees ukuze zakhe imiqumbe. Uma ungakwazi ukufinyelela indawo ebamba ukushisa epholile, yihambise ezitsheni egalaji elingashisi noma eshede njalo ebusuku. Futhi, ama-freesias akhetha umswakama ongaba ngu-40% kuya ku-50%, okungaba nzima ukuhlinzeka ngesimo sezulu esomile.
Ngokunaka lokhu okungenhla, uma ubona ukuthi naphezu kokunakekelwa okuthathayo, izitshalo namanje aziqhakazi, khumbula ukuthi ama-Freesias adinga izimo ezifana nalezo zesifunda sawo, ngakho-ke kufanele avikelwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngaso sonke isikhathi. , ngakho-ke uzodinga ukuwasusa phansi bese uwatshala ezitsheni ukuze uwavikele emazingeni okushisa asebusika. Esinye isizathu sokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha kungenzeka ukulimala kokushisa, njengoba ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu kungabangela iziqu ezincane kakhulu nezimbali ezisheshe ziphele noma zingaqhakazi ngoba zidinga ukuphuka.
Ukulawulwa okuphelele kwezinambuzane nezifo nakho kubalulekile ekutshalweni ngempumelelo kwama-freesia, njengoba ngokuvamile angenwa kalula yizintwala, amacimbi kanye nezibungu ezibomvu ezibamba ukushisa, amagundane kanye namavole. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangabonisa lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Fusarium bulb rot, i-Freesia mosaic virus, kanye ne-gladiolus dry rot fungus, i-Sclerotinia, ebangela ukubola kwezimpande kanye nokukhunta okumhlophe eziqwini.
I-Freesia Propagation
Ukuze usakaze izimbali ze-Freesia kufanele uqale ususe ama-bulb alele phansi ehlobo, lokhu kwenziwa ukuthi kwenzeke ngama-corm offsets. Bese uwatshala futhi uwanakekele njengoba ubungenza ama-bulbs avuthwe. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi ukuqhakaza kungase kungaqali kuze kube isizini noma ezimbili kamuva. Enye indlela yokukhulisa imbewu iwukukhula embewini cishe ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili, kodwa zingase zingaqhakazi izinkathi ezithile zonyaka.
Le nqubo yokuzalanisa yakamuva ihlanganisa ukwenza uchungechunge lwezinyathelo eziqala ngokuvumela izigaxa zembewu ukuthi zivuthwe esitshalweni ngemva kokuqhakaza, okuvame ukwenzeka ehlobo. Uma sezinsundu futhi sezakhele imigqa eqondile kufanele ziqoqwe futhi zomiswe esikhwameni sephepha izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngemva kokukhethwa kwezinhlamvu ezinkulu, kufanele zimbozwe ngamanzi afudumele futhi zivunyelwe ukuba zicwiliswe usuku, ukuze zithambe ijazi lazo eliqinile ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela.
Khona-ke kufanele kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhume ebumnyameni ngokushisa kwangemuva phakathi kuka-13 no-18 degrees Celsius. Esinye isinyathelo ukuthi ucwecwe lwe-aluminium kufanele lubekwe phezu kwesitsha esikhethiwe ukuze kutholwe izitshalo eziningi, futhi kufanele ulinde isikhathi esithathayo ukuze kuvele izithombo. Ukunakekelwa kulesi sigaba kubalulekile futhi ukuvimbela ukuba bangome futhi bakwazi ukuqhubeka nesigaba se-vegetative, bahlale begcina izimo ezifanele zokuchelela okulinganiselwe, umswakama kanye nokushisa.
Izinhlobo ze-Freesias
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zohlobo, phakathi kwazo kukhona i-Belleville, ebonakala ngokuba nezimbali ezimhlophe eziphindwe kabili. Amanye ama-Freesia athakazelayo yi-Golden Passion, njengoba anezimbali eziphuzi ezingafika kweziyi-10 ngesiqu ngasinye. Kukhona nalezo ezaziwa ngegama elithi Oberon, ezihlukaniswa ngokuba nezimbali ezinemibala enemibala ebomvu ebomvu nephuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhulunywa lezo zohlobo lweRoyal Blue, okuyizinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali ezimhlophe namathoni athambile ansomi. Ezinye izinhlobo zalesi sitshalo se-herbaceous esimila ku-corm, ongayihlakulela futhi uyinakekele njengoba kuchazwe kulesi sihloko, zibalulwe ngezansi:
I-Speedy White - Inhle futhi intekenteke, le mbali inamacembe amhlophe qhwa azungeze izikhungo eziphuzi ezihlukile. Kuvamile ukuthi bathathe indawo ekhethekile mayelana nokuhlobisa. Ukuheha Okubomvana: Ifaka eliphinki eligoqekile eligoqekile ukuya kumacembe amnyama aphinki, idala ukuqhakaza okucebile, okunezendlalelo eziningi. Ihlanganisa ngobunono ebomvana nemibala emhlophe ethambile kanye namaqabunga acwebezelayo ngokuziqhenya, lolu hlobo lweFreesia lulungele ukusebenzelana nemishado. I-Corvette Freesias: Zikhipha iphunga elimnandi, ngamacembe azo amakhulu amhlophe ahlelwe ngokwezigaba.
Ubuhle Obubomvu: Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo zalolu hlobo lweFreesia iphunga layo elinamandla nelimnandi. Ikhiqiza izimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo eziphindwe kabili ezinokukhanya okuphuzi phansi kwe-petal ngayinye. I-Freesia Vienna - Inamacembe amhlophe acwebezelayo afiphala abe beige ekhanyayo eya phakathi nendawo okusho ukuthi ungawatshala eduze kwezinye izimbali ezinemibala futhi azophelelisana kahle. Benza izitshalo ezinhle zasemngceleni futhi zibuye zilungiswe kancane.
Ukuqhubeka nobudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-freesias, kufanelekile ukuphawula, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Dawn: enamacembe aphuzi aphuzi, izikhungo eziphuzi ezikhanyayo kanye nomthunzi omhlophe omhlophe eduze nendawo. Kukhona noSandra: okuwuhlobo olungajwayelekile lweFreesia, enamacembe aphinki aqinile kanye nezikhungo eziphuzi nezimhlophe. Ukuheha okupinki: amacembe awo anombala opinki omhlophe anomugqa wokusajingijolo, namacembe asongana ukuze isikhungo sifihlwe cishe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iPanda Freesia iyamangalisa ngoba amacembe ayo anombala ophuzi opinki nomhlophe eduze nendawo ephuzi ekhanyayo, akhula aze afike ku-45 amasentimitha ukuphakama. Ekugcineni, uhlobo lwe-Freesia olubizwa nge-Bordeaux luvezwa: amacembe awo abomvu amnyama kakhulu futhi anezikhungo eziphuzi ezikhanyayo, kanye nokuthinta okumhlophe okukhanyayo eduze nendawo. Umbala wenza lesi sitshalo sigqame kakhulu futhi sibukeka sisihle uma sitshalwe eduze kwezitshalo ezinombala omhlophe noma okhanyayo, okuhlanganisa namanye ama-freesia.
Uma usithandile lesi sihloko esithi Injani I-Freesias Nokunakekelwa Kwabo, sikumema ukuthi ufunde ezinye izindatshana eziqukethe izihloko ozithakaselayo kulezi zixhumanisi ezilandelayo: